800 
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tiling but weavers; atiother ftreet, fhoe-vnakers • another, 
l'miths, &rc. Their morocco leather is excellent, and 
they work it exceedingly well. Here are alfo a great 
many dyers, and the waters of the Tigris are faid to he 
peculiarly adapted to the- purpofes of that trade. In 
tome branches, tliefe people are equal, if not fuperior, 
to many Europeans; but the weavers are very inferior 
to the Englilh ; and the cloth they make, whether of 
wq.pl.len, cotton, or filk, is always narrow. Mr. Jackfon, 
who pa {fed through this city in 1797, in his journey over 
land from India, remarks that thefe people entertain 
a high opinion of the Bririfli manufadlures, and the very 
name,of an Engliftiman is fufficient to gain the greateft 
refpedt. The fuperfine broad-cloth worn by the princi¬ 
pal inhabitants is of Englifli manufacture, as are alfo 
their watch as, of which they are very choice. People 
of all descriptions feem here to enjoy much liberty. 
The various feds of Chriftians have their chapels and 
churches, ana each follows his own mode of worfhip 
without moleftaticm. The city lias two gates to the weft- 
ward, which are the only ones ever opened. There is 
one to the e; fi ward, but it is always kept (hut; in con- 
fequence of which, people who have occafion to go out 
from the caiiern fide, are obliged to go round great part 
of the city, which covers about a fquare mile; all the 
walls, except to the fouthward, being quite ftraight, 
and about a mile long. Above the walls, on the eaft 
fide, is a path cut through the folid rock, and another 
leading acrofs the hill towards the river. .On the fide 
of this path are many holes cut cut of the rock, large 
enough to hold half a dozen people, and into tliefe the 
water falls from the rock perpendicularly. The lofty 
trees near the rock form an agreeable fiiade, and make it 
a pleafant cool retreat, where the poorer fort refort to 
bathe. The women here are as fair as thofe in England, 
and walk naturally much better, their loofe drefs allow¬ 
ing free aflion to the body; and they have, befide, a pe¬ 
culiar grace in every motion, to which Europeans are 
Grangers. But Mr. Jackfon informs us, that though 
Diarbekir is a populous city, provifions plentiful, good, 
and cheap, every inhabitant enjoying full liberty, and in 
other refpefts a defirable place to live in ; yet there is 
one thing which is both difagreeable and dangerous, and 
reflefts great difgrace on its government: the circum¬ 
jacent country, to a confiderable extent, is fo much in- 
fefted with banditti, that no one can travel to or from 
the city without a ftrong military guard. It is fuppofed 
that there are 20,000 Chrifiians in this place, two-thirds 
of which are Armenians, the reft Neftorians and Jaco¬ 
bites. It is the refidence of a pacha : 600 miles north- 
weft of Ifpahan, and 540 eaft-fouth-eaft of Confiantinople. 
Lat. 3 6. 30. N. Ion. 57. 30. E. Ferro. 
DI AR.BE'KIR, (the territory of Bekir,) a province 
and government of Afiatic Turkey, fituated between the 
Tigris and the Euphrates, anciently called MeJ'opotamia. 
It is bounded on the north by Turcomania, on the eaft 
by Curdiftan, on the fouth by Arabia, and on the weft 
by Syria. The government is divided into nineteen fan- 
giacats, and five other diftriefs called Hukinmet, which 
are free. Eleven of the fangiacats belong to the Turks, 
and eight in Curdiftan, which acknowledge the grand 
fignor, but whofe chiefs are hereditary. The principal 
towns are Diarbek and Moful. 
DIARRHO'DON,yi in pharmacy, a compound medi¬ 
cine in which red rofes is a principal ingredient. 
DI ARRHCE'A,/. [from ha-ppea, Gr. to flow through.] 
A too frequent difeharge orflte' contents of the inteftines. 
A flux. For the cure, fee the article Medicine. 
DIARRHCE'TIC, adj. Promoting the flux of the 
belly; folutive; purgative.—Millet is diarrhcdic, cleanf- 
ing, and ufeful in difeafes of the kidneys. Arbuthnot. 
DI ARTHRO'SIS,/. [from ha and apdpoy, Gr. a joint.] 
In anatomy, that fpecies of articulation which admits of 
manifeft motion. 
DI'ARY, /. \_diarium , Lat.] An account of the tranf- 
D I A 
actions, accidents, and obfervations, of every day; a joui 
nal; an almanac.—In fea-voyages, where there is no¬ 
thing to be feen but fky and tea, men make diaries, but 
in land-travel, wherein fo much is to be obferved, they 
omit it. Bacon. 
DI'ARY, adj. Belonging to a day, daily. 
DIASCOR'DIUM,y. in pharmacy, a once celebrated 
compofition, fo called from fcordium , the water-german¬ 
der, one of its ingredients. It is now expunged from 
the difpenfatories. 
DIASHEN'KIR, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the 
province of Caramania : fix miles north-weft of Kir- 
fliehr. 
DIA'SIA,/. Feftivals in honour of Jupiter at Athens. 
They received their name wo tov £105 zai aar,<;, from 
Jupiter and misfortune, be'caufe, by making applications' 
to Jupiter, men obtained relief from their misfortunes, 
and were delivered from dangers. During this feftival, 
things of all kinds were expofed to fale. 
DI ASPHYX'IS,/. [from ha and o-tpvfy, Gr. toftrike.] 
The pulfation of an artery. 
DI'AST, a town of Egypt : three miles north of 
Manfora. 
DIAS'TASIS, f. [from htalyu. i, Gr. to feparate.] 
The diftance between any two fubftances. A dilatation 
or diftenfion, as of the mufcles in convulfions. Alfo a 
luxation. 
DIAS'TOLE,/. [from hadleXX oj, to dilate.] The di¬ 
latation or firft motion of the heart in its vibration.— 
The fyftole feems to refemble the forcible bending of a 
fpring, and the diajlole its flying out again to its natural 
ftate. Ray. —A figure in rhetoric, by which a fhort fyl- 
lable is made long. 
DIASTOMO'SIS,/. [from hadloflea, Gr. to dilate.] 
The dilatation or enlarging the apertures of the veflels. 
DIASTRE'MMA, J. [from hadlpBtpv, Gr. to turn 
afide.] A diftortion of any limb or part cf the body. 
DIAS'TYL£,y! [i$W and crjvAoc, Gr. a pillar.] A fort 
of edifice, where the pillars (land at fuch a diftance from 
one another, that three diameters of their tlifcknel’s are 
allowed for the intercolumniation. Harris. 
DI ATECOLI'THUM,/. [from ha. and tsko*< 9 °<, Gr. 
the Jew’s ftone. ] A noted antidote, in the compofition 
of which is the Jew’s ftone. 
DIATERE'TICS,y; hrypycric, Gr.] The art of pre- 
ferving health. 
DIATES'SERON, f. [of retrarpa, four.] Any 
compofition confiding of four ingredients. An interval 
in mufic, compofed of one greater tone, one lefter and 
one greater femitone ; its proportion being as four to 
three. It is called, in mufical compofition, a perfect 
fourth. See the article Music. 
DIATHE'MIS, or Diathesis,/", [from Gr. 
to difpofe.] An affection or a difpofition, as when the 
blood is inclined to fome faulty ftate. Hence the term, 
often made ufe of in medicine, inflammatory diathejis, that 
is, when the vafcular fyftem, and the fanguinary fluid, 
are in an inflammatory ftate, or fo difpofed, as readily to 
become fo, by any accidental caufe. 
DI ATHY'RUM,y; [from ha., through ; and 8tpa, Gr. 
a door.] A fence to keep out the wind ; an inclofure be¬ 
fore a door, as in churches. 
DIATO'NI, f. [haTovoi, Gr.] Corner-ftones, band- 
ftones, or perbend-ftones. 
DIATO'NIC,/. [of ha. to voc, Gr. a found or tone.] 
The ordinary fort of mufic which proceeds by tones, or 
degrees, both in afeending or defeending. It contains 
only the two greater and Idler tones, and the greater fe¬ 
mitone. Harris. 
DTATRA'GACANTH, f. in pharmacy, a name ap¬ 
plied to certain powders, of which gum tragacanth is the 
chief ingredient. 
DIA'TRIBA, or Diatribe,/ [Gr.] A deputation, 
or continual difeourfe; alfo a place where orations or 
difputations are held. 
1 DIATRI'BUS, 
