852 DIP DIP 
ridian or variation and dip ; nor can any alteration of di- (iem leaves, at lead the lowermod, lefs wrinkled, united 
r.eftion or motion of the {hip affedt a dipping-needle thus at the bafe fo as to form a large cavity containing water 
fufpended. In confequence of this fitnple contrivance, after rain, hence the names of dipfacus and labrum veneris', 
the motion or gyration of the graduated circles for either they are ovate-acute, notched, thinly befet with (pines 
dip or variation, on account of the motion of the (hip, be- on the edge and midrib; uppermoft (lightly united atthe 
comes totally avoided; for, on or in thefe magnetic in- bafe, narrower, entire, and almod free from (pines ; heads 
druments there are no divifions whatever: the indru- numerous, folitary, upright, ' ovate-oblong, fumewhat 
ments themfelves can be 'afforded for half the price of pointed at top ; flowers blue-purple, fird breaking forth 
others; the navigator nj'akes his observations like a man about the middle of the head ; chaffs of the receptacle 
of fcience ; and finally, he determines with expedition, the length of the damens, rigid, bearded, the uppermod 
eafe, and certainty, the magnetic dip and variation, to longed, at bottom hollow and fomewhat triangular; the 
degrees, minutes, and feconds, i. e. to the like accuracy beard or awn running out to a long, draight, and fome- 
that he can didinguidi or read the fubdivifions (hewn by what hifpid, point; Vo me of the lower chads are greatly 
the vernier on the arch of his (extant: a circumdance bowed downwards, but net hooked at the-point. Native 
utterly impodible to be obtained even to whole degrees, of mod parts of Europe, on the edges of paftures, in un¬ 
it might be faid to half a dozen degrees, by any other cultivated places and by road (ides ; flowering from June 
conftructed indruments before known.” or July to September. "The water contained in the bafon 
DIPPOLDISWAL'DA, a town of Germany, in the formed by the leaves is faid to cure warts on the hands, 
circle of Upper Saxony, and margraviate of Meiffen: and to ferve as a beauty-walh for the face; hence Ray 
twelve miles fouth-fouth-wed of jDrelden, and twenty conjectures that this plant might have received its name 
fouth of Meiffen. of labrum- Veneris, or Venus’s lip. It is alfo (uppofed to 
DIP'S ACUS, f. [& 4 >a, third, a fymptom which gene- be good for the eyes. Cattle in general, even the afs, 
rally marks that diforder.] The diabetes. appear to avoid it. A linall moth, earwigs, and other 
DIP'SACUS, J. [from third; fo called from infedfs, take refuge in the head. Mr. Woodward fays 
the concave fituation of its leaves, which hold water, by that he has not found it north of Nottinghamfhire and 
which the third of the traveller may be relieved.] The Derbydiire. A friend however affures us, that he re- 
Teasel; in botany, a genus of the clafs tetrandria, or- members to have feen it about Newcadle ; and Mr. 
der monogynia, natural order aggregatae, (dipfacea?, Lightfoot mentions its being wild in Scotland. Accord- 
JuJf.) The generic charadfers are—Calyx : perianthium ing to Linnaeus, the cultivated teafel is only a variety of 
common many-dowered, many-leaved; leaflets longer the wild one. They certainly differ fo little, that it was 
than the flofcule, loofe, permanent: perianthium pro- not neceffary to defcribe both. Haller, Jacquin, and 
per fcarce, manifed, fuperior. Corolla: proper univer- mod modern authors, are difpofed to condder them as 
fal equal, one-petalled, tubular; border four-cleft, up- diftindt. Mr. Miller, having cultivated both forty years, 
light; outer dividon larger, more acute. Stamina: fila- is of the fame opinion. 
ments four, hair-form, longer than the corolla; antherre 3. Dipfacus laciniatus, or cut-leaved teafel: leaves 
incumbent. Pidillum : germ inferior; llyle filiform, connate, finuate. Root biennial, long, branching; dem 
length of the corolla; ftigma dmple. Pericarpium: three feet high, upright, angular, prickly, branched; 
none. Seeds: folitary, columnar, crowned by the entire leaves pinnatifid, laciniate or finuate, bright green, 
calycine margin. Receptaculum : common, conical, fe- fmooth above, pubefcent beneath, having (hort prickles 
parated by longer chaffs.— EJfential CkaraBer. Calyx, along the nerve, and being ciliate on the edge; flowers 
common many-leaved ; proper fuperior; receptaculum, whitilh ; antheras reddifli. It dither's from the. common 
chaffy. teafel, not only in the leaves being cut fo deeply, but in 
Species. 1. Dipfacus fullonum, or cultivated teafel: the prickles being weaker, and having lateral flowers, 
leaves feffile, ferrate ; involucres (liort, horizontal; chaffs rifing higher than thole in the middle. The goldfinch 
bent back. Thefe are biennial, tall, herbaceous, plants, is fond of the feeds; as it is alfo of our common fort, 
prickly or rough, terminated by rough heads of flowers ; Native of Germany, Franee, Alface, Audria, and Car- 
the leaves fometimes connate at the bafe, and forming a niola; cultivated in 1683, by Mr. James Sutherland, 
bafon containing rain. The fird is cultivated in great 4. Dipfacus pilofus, or (mail teafel : leaves petioled, 
quantities in the wed of England, for railing the nap with little appendages. It differs from its congeners in 
upon woollen cloths, by means of the crooked awns or having a fragile dem, from two feet high to fix ; (harp 
chaffs upon the heads ; which in the wild fort are draight, with (hort prickles pointing upwards, -angular and < 
or at lead not hooked. For this purpofe they are fixed grooved; leaves with little appendages at the bafe ; but 
round the circumference of a large broad wheel, which thefe are fometimes wanting ; and the upper leave's are 
is made to turn round, and the cloth is held againd them, nearly entire, llightly hairy on both fides, and with (hort 
Thefe heads are collefted in Augud. Parkinfon calls it prickles along the midrib-underneath ; the heads of 
Fuller’s thidle ; and Gerarde, tame or garden teafel. In flowers hang down during the time of flowering, but af- 
German it is named kardendijlcl, webcrdijlel, wcberkarten, tervvards become upright. This plant is called Jhepherd's 
karten, kartetfchendifiel, walkerdijlel, tuckniacherdijlel, &c. In rod and Jkepherd’s Jlaff ; it flowers iajuly, and the feeds 
Dutch, vollers kaarden, kaarden or haardtnkruid-, in Danifh, are ripe in September. They are eaten by fmall birds; 
kardetidfel, kradfetidfel ; in Swedifh, kardor, kardtijlel ; in and the flowers are frequented by moths in great num- 
French, ckardon d foidlon, a carder, d bonnetier ; cardere d bers after funfet. It is the handfomed fpecies of the 
Joullon, cardiere cuve de Venus, bain de notre Dame ; in Italian, genus, and very didinct from the three others, which 
dijfaco, car do da car dare, labbro di Vcnere-, in Spanifli, car- are nearly allied. It is a native of France, Germany, 
. dene ha, cardo peinador ; in Portuguefe, cardo pentcador ; in Swifferland, and Audria. With us, but not common, in 
Ruffian, Jukonnaja, l/chotka. moid and watery places, by brooks and damp hedges and 
2. Dipfacus fylveftris, or wild teafel : leaves connate, ditches ; near London Mr. Curtis has found it only be- 
crenate, uppermod entire ; involucres long, bending up ; tween Deptford and Lewifliam ; Johnfon found it in great 
chaffs draight. Root biennial, limple, with large fibres ; plenty at Edgecombe (Adfcombe) by Croydon in Surry ; 
Item from three to fix feet high, branched, round, dri- it occurs near Guildford, Godalmin, &c. in the fame 
ated, hollow, fpinous, but the fpines few near the bafe, county; alfo in Beckenham church-yard, 8 c c. in Kent, 
very numerous near the heads, long and (harp ; root- and in feveral other places in that county, as about Chi- 
leaves of the fird year’s plant fpread on the ground in a flehurd, Foot’s-Cray, Farnborough, &c. about Finchley 
circular form, ovate-oblong, bluntilh, notched, wrinkled, in Middlefex ; Fulham, between the bifhop’s palace and 
and roug.h with fpines thinly fcattered over the leaf; the field 5 More-hall, &c near llarefield; in feveral 
places 
