6 CAY 
own name; and he fignalized himfelf at the head of it in 
Catalonia. In 1713 he was at the (iege of Fribourg, 
where he was expofed to imminent danger in the bloody 
attack of the covered way. The peace of Raftadt having 
left him in a Hate of inadlivity ill Tinted to his natural tem¬ 
per, his vivacity foon carried him to travel into Italy ; and 
his curiofity was greatly excited by the wonders of that 
country, where antiquity is Hill fruitful, and produces fo 
many objects to improve tafte and to excite admiration. 
After a year’s abfence, he returned to Paris with fo tirong 
a paflion for travelling, and for antiquities, that he was 
induced to quit the army. He now fet out for the Levant. 
W hen he arrived at Smyrna, he vilited the ruins of Ephe- 
fus. From the Levant he was recalled in Feb. 1717, by 
the tendernefs of his mother. From that time he left not 
France, but to make two excuriions to.London. The 
academy of painting and fculpture adopted him an hono¬ 
rary member in 1731 ; and the count fpared neither his 
labour nor his fortune to in ft met, affilt, and animate, the 
artifts. He wrote the lives of the mod celebrated painters 
and engravers that have done honour to this illuflripus 
academy; and, in order to extend the limits of the art, 
which feemed to him to move in too narrow a circle, lie 
collected, in three different works, new fubjects for the 
painter, which he had met with in the works of the an¬ 
cients, A fortunate accident alfo furnifhed him with the 
means of (hewing us the compofition and the colouring 
of the pictures of ancient Rome. The coloured draw¬ 
ings which the famous Pietro Sante Bartoli had taken 
there from antique pictures, fell into his hands. He had 
them engraved, ar.d, before he enriched the king of 
France’s cabinet with them, he gave an edition of them at 
liis own expence. It is, perhaps, the moll extraordinary 
work of its kind that ever will appear. The whole is 
pain'ed with a purity and precifion that are inimitable: 
we lee the livelinefs and the frefhnefs of the colouring 
that charmed the Caefars. There w ere only thirty copies 
pnblilhed, and there is no reafon to expedt that there will 
hereafter be any more. 
In 1742, count Caylus was admitted honorary member 
of the academy of belies lettres ; and then it was that he 
feemed to have found the place for which nature defigned 
him. The (tudy of literature now became his ruling paf- 
lion; he confecrated to it his time and his fortune; he 
even renounced his pleafures to give himfelf wholly up to 
that of making ufeful improvements. But amidft the 
fruits of his relearch and invention, nothing feemed more 
flattering fo him than his difeovery of encauftic painting. 
A defeription of Pliny’s, but too conciie an one to give him 
a clear view of the matter, firft fuggefted the idea. He 
availed himfelf of the friendfhip and fkill of M. Maga.ult, 
a phyfician in Paris, and an excellent chemifl; and, by re¬ 
peated experiments, found cut the fecret of incorporating 
wax with divers tints and colours, and of making it obedi¬ 
ent to the pencil. Pliny has made mention of two kinds of 
encauftic painting, pradtifed by the-ancients; one of 
which was performed with wax, the other upon ivorv, 
with hot punches of iron. It was the former Chat count 
Caylus had the merit of reviving; and M. Muntz after¬ 
wards made many experiments to carry it to perfection. 
Thus, in the hands of count Caylus, literature and tire arts 
lent each other a mutual aid. He publifhed above forty 
diflertations in the Memoirs of the Academy of Belles Let¬ 
tres. The artifts he was particularly attentive to; and to 
prevent their falling into miftakes from an ignorance of cof- 
tume, w hich the ableft of them have fometimes done, lie 
founded a prize of 500 livres, the objedt of which is to 
explain, by means of authors and monuments, the ufages 
of ancient nations. In order that he might enjoy, witli 
the whole world, thetreafures lie had colledted, he caufed 
them to be engraved, and gave a learned defeription of 
them in-a work which he embellifhed with 800 copper¬ 
plates. The ftrength of his conftitution feemed to give 
him hopes of a long life ; but a humour fettling in one of 
his legs, which entirely delhoyedhis health, he expired on 
C E A 
the 3th ot September, 1765, and by his death his family is 
extindl. 
CAY'MANS, three final 1 iflands, 55 leagues north- 
north-weft of the illancl of Jamaica and the Weft-Indies; 
the mod foutherly of which is called the Great Caymans, 
which is inhabited by a people who are the defendants of 
the old buccaniers. It has no harbour for ftiips of burden, 
only a tolerable anchoring place on the fonth-weft. The 
climate and foil are Angularly falubrious, and the people 
are Vigorous, and commonly live to a great age. They 
ra'fe all kinds of produce for their own life and to fpare. 
Their chief employment is to pilot vefiels to the adjacent 
iflands, and to fifh for turtle; with which they liipply 
Port Royal and other places in great quantities. Great 
Caymans lies in lat. 19.20. N. Ion. 81.40.W. Greenwich. 
CAY'MITE GRANDE, an i(land on the north fide of 
the fouth peninfula of the ifland of St. Domingo, two 
leagues long and one broad : thirty-fix miles weft of Cape 
Donna Maria. 
CAYNE, a river of Wales, which runs into the Severn 
four miles weft from Newtown, in Merionethlhire. 
C A'YO (El), a town of the ifland of Cuba: fixty miles 
eaft of Spirito Santo. 
CAYON'NE, a river of the ifland of St. Chriftopher, in 
the Weft-Indies, which runs into the fea half a mile fouth- 
eaftof Madan’s Point. 
CAY'RES, a town of France, in the department of the 
Upper Loire, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Puy-en-Velay : eight miles louth-fouth-weft of Le Puy. 
CAY'STER, a rapid river of Alia, rifing in Lydia, and 
after a meandering courfe, falling into the Higean Sea near 
Ephefus. According to tire poets, the banks and neigh¬ 
bourhood of this river were generally frequented by fwans. 
C AZ AI., a town of Arabia : eighty miles north-eaft of 
Medina. 
GAZAL'LA. See Cacalla. 
C AZAL'S, a town of France, in the department of the 
Lor, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of Gour- 
don: three leagues fouth-weft of Gourdon. 
C AZAU'BON, a town of France, in the department of 
the Gers: fix leagues weft of Condom. 
CAZENCFVIA, a new and thriving torvn of the Ame¬ 
rican States, in Herkemer county, province of New-York: 
forty miles w'eftward of Whiteftovvn. 
CAZE'RES, a town of France in the department of the 
Upper Garonne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt 
of Rieux; two leagues fouth-weft of Rieux. 
CAZE'RES, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lower Pyrenees: four leagues weft of Nogaro. 
CA'ZES DE MONDENAR'D, a town of France, in 
the department of the Lot, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftridt of Lauzerte: three miles S. E. Lauzerte. 
CAZI'QUE, f. A title given by the Spaniards to the 
petty kings and chiefs of the feveral countries of America, 
excepting thofe of Peru, which are called cufatas. The 
French call them cafqucs, a denomination which they al¬ 
ways give to the Tartarian hordes. Mexico comprehends 
a great number of provinces and iflands, which were go¬ 
verned by lords called caziqucs, dependent on, and tribu¬ 
tary to, the emperor. Thirty of thefe vaflals are faicl to 
have been fo powerful, that they were able, each of them, 
to bring an army of 100,000 men into the field. 
C AZOU'LS, a town of France, in the department of the 
Heiault, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of Be¬ 
ziers: five miles north-weft of Beziers. 
CAZ'Z A, afmall ifland in the Adriatic. Lat. 43. 6 N. 
Ion. 34. 25. E. Ferro. 
CAZZO'LA, a I'm all ifland in the Adriatic, near the 
coaft of Dalmatia. Lat. 43. 8. N. Ion. 34. 30. F. Ferro. 
CE'A, a town of Portugal, in tlie province of Beira: 
feven leagues fouth-fouth-eaft of Vifeu. 
CEAN AMH AR'RA, a hill in the ifland of Tiree, near 
the weft coaft of Scotland, remarkable for a great number 
of caves, to which flea-fowl, eagles, and ravens, refort; 
florae of thefe caves are upwards of fifty yards deep. 
CEANO'THUS, 
