CEL 
proftrate, branching, ending in mord elongated branches, 
a Ipan long, and hoary. Native of the Ea(t-lndies. 
13. Celcfia polygonoides: leaves cordate ; ftemhifpid; 
raceme fpiked, loofe ; flowers three-ftyled. 14. Celofia 
baccata: flowers three-ftyled; fruits berried. Found in 
the Eaft-Indies by Koenig. 
Propagation and Culture. In order to have large fine 
amaranths, great care fhould be taken in the choice of the 
feeds; for, if they are not carefully collected, the whole 
expence and trouble of raffing them will be loft. The 
feeds mu ft be fown on a hot-bed, which fhould have been 
prepared'a few days before, that the violent heat may be 
abated, about the beginning of March ; and in about a 
fortnight’s time, if the bed is in good temper, the plants 
will rife; but, as they are tender when they firfl appear, 
they require great care for a few days till they get ftrength; 
firth, in giving them a due proportion of air, to prevent 
their drawing up weak ; and next, to keep them from too 
great a mol ft 11 re, for a fmall (hare of moifture will caufe 
their tender ftems to rot: in flowing the feeds, there fhould 
be care taken not to put them too clofe; for, when the 
plants come up in clufterf, they frequently fpoil each other 
for want of room to grow: in a fortnight or three weeks 
time the plants will be fit to remove, when you mud pre¬ 
pare another hot-bed, covered with a good, rich, fight, 
earth, about four inches thick,which fhould be made a few 
days, that it may have a proper temperature of heat: then 
r-aife up the young plants with ycur finger, lo as not to 
break off the tender roots, and prick them into the new hot¬ 
bed, about four inches diftance every way, giving them a 
gentle watering to fettle the earth to their roots; but in 
doing this, be very cautious not to bear the young plants 
down to the ground by lnifty watering. After the plants 
are thus planted, they muft be fcreen-ed from the fun till 
they have taken frefli root; but, as there is generally a 
great (team riling from the fermentation of the dung, 
which condenfes againft the glades, and, dropping upon 
the plants, very frequently deftroys them ; the glalfles 
fhould, therefore, be frequently turned in the day-time, 
whenever the weather will permit; but, if the weather 
happen to prove bad, it will be of great fervice to your 
plants to wipe offall the moifture two or three times a-day 
with a woollen cloth, to prevent its dropping upon the 
plants. When your plants are firmly rooted, and begin 
to grow, you muft obferve to give them air every day, 
(more or lefs as the weather is cold or hot,) to prevent 
their drawing up too faff, which greatly weakens their 
ftems. In about a month or five weeks, thefe plants will 
have grown fo as to meet; therefore another hot-bed 
fhould be prepared of a moderate temper, and covered 
with the fame rich earth about fix inches thick, in which 
they fhould be planted (obferving to rake them up with 
as much earth about their roots as po(Iible) at feven or 
eight inches diftance every way, giving them fome water 
to fettle the earth about their roots; but be very careful 
not to water them heavily, fo as to bear down the plants; 
and keep them (haded in the heat of the day, until they 
have taken frefh root ; and be fine to refrelh them often, 
but gently, with water, and give them air in proportion to 
the heat of the weather, covering the glades with mats 
every night, left the cold chill your beds, and flop the 
growth of the plants. In the middle of May you muft 
provide another hot-bed, which fhould be covered with a 
deep frame, that your plants may have room to grow : 
upon this hot-bed you muft fet as many three-penny pots 
as can (land within the compafs of die frame ; thefe pots 
Tnuft be filled with good rich earth, and the cavities be¬ 
tween each pot filled up with any common earth, to prevent 
the heat of the bed from evaporating, and filling the frame 
-with noxious fleams; then with a trowel take up your 
plants with as much earth as poflible to the roots, and 
-place each (ingle plant in the middle of one of the pots, 
■filling the pot up with the earth before deferibed, and let- 
tie it clofe to the root of the plant with your hands; water 
Vo l. IV. No. 174. 
them gently, as before, and (hade them, in the heat of the 
day, from the violence of the fun, by covering the glades 
with mats; refrelh them often with water, and give them 
a good quantify of air in the day-time. In about three 
weeks more, thefe plants will have grown to a confidet- 
able (ize and ftrength, fo that you muft now raife the 
glaftes very much in the day time; and, when the air is 
foft, and the fun is clouded, draw' off the glalfles, and ex- 
pofe them to the open air, and repeat this as often as the 
weather will permit, which will harden them by degrees 
to be removed abroad into the places where they are to re¬ 
main the whole feafon ; but it is not advifeable to fet thefe 
plants out until a week in July, obferving to do it when 
the air i3 perfectly foft, and, if poflible, in a gentle fhower 
of rain. Let them at firfl be fet near the fhelter of a hedge 
for two or three days, where they may be fereened from 
the violence of the fun and ftrong winds, to which they 
muft be inured by degrees: thefe plants, w hen grow n to a 
good ftature, perfpire very freely, and muft be every day 
refreflied with water, if the weather be hot and dry ; other- 
wife they will (hint, and never produce their plumes fo 
fine as they would do if taken caTe of. This is the pro¬ 
per management in order to have fine amaranths; which, 
if rightly followed, and the kinds are good, in a favourable 
feafon will produce wonderful large fine heads, and are the 
greateft ornament to a good garden for upwards of two 
months: by this method, plants will grow to five or fix 
feet high, with crefts nearly 4 foot in breadth ; and, per¬ 
haps, much larger, if the kind be good, and there be no 
want of dung or conveniencies. By the middle or latter 
end of September, the amaranths will have perfefted their 
feeds, fo that you nnffi make choice of the Iargeft, mod 
beautiful, and lead: branching, plants, of each kind, for 
feed, which you fhould remove under fhelter, efpecially 
if the weather prove wet, or the nights frofty, that the 
feeds may be perfeflly ripened ; be litre never to take any 
feeds from fide-branches, nor from the neck of the plume, 
but only fuch as are produced in the middle thereof, 
which, in many plants, perhaps, may be but a fmall quan¬ 
tity ; but thefe only cap be depended on to produce good 
kinds the fucceeding year. See Iresine. 
CELO'TOMY, f. [ celotomia , Lat. from xnt-n, a tumor 
or hernia, and to cut.] The operation of cutting a 
hernia, or of caftration. 
CBL'SA, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples, 
and province of Principato Citra: twenty-five mile fouth- 
weft of Cangiano. 
CEL'SIA,/ [the name was given to this plant by Lin¬ 
naeus, in honour of Olaus Cdfus, D.D. profeffor of the 
Greek language, and afterwards of theology, in the uni- 
verfity of Upfal.] In botany, a genus of the clafs didyna- 
mia, order angiolperma, natural order luridae. The ge¬ 
neric charadters are—Calyx : perianthiunt five-parted ; 
drvifions lanceolate, obtufe, length of the corolla, perma¬ 
nent. Corolla : monopetalous, rotated ; tube extremely 
fliort ; border flat, half-five-cleft, unequal; divifions 
roundifh, of which the two fuperior ones are fmaller, the 
inferior one larger. Stamina : filaments four, capillary, 
inclined towards the ftnalleft divifions of the corolla; of 
which the two longer ones are fhorter than the corolla, 
and are outwardly woolly ; antherre roundifh, fmall. Pif- 
tillum: germ roundifh ; ftyle filiform, length of the fla¬ 
me ns ; ftigma obtufe. Pericarpium : capfule roundiih, 
compreffled at the tip, acuminate, fitting on the calyx, 
bilocular. Seeds : very many, fmall, angular. Recep¬ 
tacles folifary, hemifpherical .—EJfaitial Character. Calyx 
five-parted ; corolla rotated ; filaments bearded j capfule 
two-celled. 
Species. 1. Celfia Orientalis, or Oriental celfia : leaves 
bipinnate. Leaves oblong, finely divided almoft to the 
midrib on both lides, lying flat on tl;e ground : from the 
centre of thefe a round herbaceous ftaik rifes near two 
feet high, with leaves of the fame fhape the whole-length, 
but gradually dimhiilhing in Cue to the top; they are 
F placed 
