21 
C E M 
tlism, as hard as the pebbles themfelves. Bacon. ~~Bond of 
union in frienddfip.—Look over the whole creation, and 
5011 (ball fee, that the band or cement that holds together 
all the parts of this glorious fabric, is gratitude. South. 
The cements tiled for holding together broken glailes, 
china, and earthen ware, are of many kinds. For this 
purpofe the juice of garlic is recommended as exceedingly 
proper, being very drong, and, if the operation is per¬ 
formed with care, it leaves little or no mark. Quicklime 
and the white of an egg, mixed together, and expeditioufly 
ufed, anfwer well for this purpofe. Dr. Lewis recom¬ 
mends a mixture of quicklime and cheefe in the following 
manner: fweet cheefe, (liaved thin and (Hired in boiling 
•water, changes into a tenacious (lime wh'ch does not min¬ 
gle with the water. Worked With fredi parcels of hot 
water, and then mixed upon a hot (lone with a proper 
.quantity of unlinked lime, into the confidence of a palle, 
it proves a ftrong and durable cement for wood, (lone, 
earthen-ware, and glafs. When thoroughly dry, which 
will be iu two or three days, it is not in the lead aided 
upon by water or damps. A compolition of the drying 
oil of linfeed and white-lead is alfo ufed for the fame pur- 
,pofes, but is inferior. For the preparation of cements 
ufed in building, fee Mortar. 
A cheap and valuable cement has lately been invented 
by the ingenious French chemift M. Chaptal, which lie 
ufed as a fubfiitute for (heet-lead, in lining rooms for his 
alum works, and which lie found to anfwer his purpofe in 
jdl refpects equal to that metal; not being acted upon by 
the ftrong vapour of acids; neither by water or damps; 
nor by any degree of heat under 144 of Fahrenheit. This 
cement is compofed of equal parts of rofin, turpentine, 
and wax. Thefe three fubflances are melted together in 
a pot; and, when all the volatile oil which caufes the mix- 
tm-e to rife is dilTipaled, it is to be applied, boiling hot, 
witli a brufh. The number of valuable ufeS to which this 
cement may be applied is very great: it may be employed 
to line the calks ufed on-board (hips; the water or viduals 
kept in them would not be fo fubjedt to become putrid; 
even the (hips themfelves might be coated with it. This 
cement is found preferable to tar in many refpedts ; it is 
not fo fubjed to crack, it is lefs (ticky, is more fimple, 
and leaves a fmoother furface. A board fix feet long, and, 
eighteen inches wide, covered with this cement, was kept 
in water for nineteen months ; in all which time it had nei¬ 
ther imbibed any water, nor was the coating at all cracked 
or damaged. If, in any cafe, it be necellary to render this 
cement more confident, it may be done by the addition of 
powdered bricks. 
The cement prepared by Mr. John Worth, of Difs, in 
Norfolk, and vended under the fandtion of letters patent, 
for preferving fhips and veffels from worms, and for coat¬ 
ing over out-buildings, &c. is obvioufly derived from the 
fame fource. His compofition is as follows : Take of rofin 
fourteen pounds; fund, fifted and clean waflied, twenty- 
eight pounds; red lead three pounds and a half; oil one 
pound and three quarters. Melt the rofin over a gentle 
fire; put the fand and lead in by degrees, and ladly the 
dil; birring them conftantly till cold, to reduce the mafs 
to an uniform confidence. Whenever this cement is ufed 
it mud be made hot, with the addition of half a pound of 
what the painters call fat oil, which mud be well dirred 
in; then it may be applied with a brufh, in the fame man¬ 
ner as common paint. This cement is' of a red colour ; 
but, if it be wanted white or green, then, indead of the 
red lead, ufe the fame quantity of cerufe, or verdegris. 
The following cement will be found extremely valua¬ 
ble for filling up cracks and fhfures in iron velfels, which 
by this means become as found and as ufeful as ever: Take 
fix parts of yellow potters’ clay, one part of the filings of 
iron, ana as much linfeed oil as will be nccedary to mould 
it up into a did'mixture, of nearly the fame confidence as 
putty. In this date of it, fill up the holes or cracks as 
clofe and hard as poflible, rubbing the outer and inner 
Surfaces fmooth and even; and in a few days the cement 
Vol. IV. No. 174. 
C E N 
will adhere fo completely to the broken fides of the iron, 
as to (top the leak, and obliterate the blermfh. 
A cement which quickly hardens in water. —This is delcribed 
in the podhumous works of Mr. Hooke, and is recom¬ 
mended for gilding live cray-filh, carps, &c. without in¬ 
juring the fi(h. The cement for this purpofe is prepared 
by putting fonie Burgundy pitch into a new earthen pot, 
and warming the veliel till it receives fo much of the pitch 
as will dick round it; then drawing dime finely-powdered 
amber over the pitch when growing cold, adding a mix- 
true of three pounds of linfeed oil, and one of oil of tur¬ 
pentine, covering the veiled and boiling them for an hour 
over a gentle fire, and grinding the mixture as it is wanted, 
with as much pumice-done in fine powder as will reduce 
it to the confidence of paint. The fifh being wiped dry, 
the mixture is (pread upon it; and the gold leaf being 
then !aid on, the iilh may be immediately put into water 
again, without any danger of the gold coming oft’, for the 
matter quickly grows hard in the water. 
To CLMEN'T, v. a. To unite, by means of fometliing 
interpofed: 
Love with white lead cements his wings; 
White lead was Cent us to repair 
Two brighted, brittle!!, earthly things, 
A lady’s face, and china ware. Swift. 
To CEMENT', v. n. To come into conjunction ; to 
cohere.—When a wound is recent, and the parts of it are 
divided by a (harp indrument, they will, if held in clofe 
contact for Come time, reunite by inofculatton, and cement 
like one branch of a tree ingrafted on another. Sharp. 
CE'MENT COP'PER, f. Copper precipitated from 
vitriolic waters by iron. The name is laid to be derived 
from a vitriolic water in Hungary, called Ziment. 
CEMENTA'TION, f. The ad of cementing, or uni¬ 
ting with cement. I11 chemidry, it is a procefs which coniids 
in (urrouudinga body in the lolid (tute with the powder of 
Come other bodies, and expofing the whole, for a time, iu 
a clofed vedel, to a degree of heat not fufticient to fufe the 
contents. Thus iron is converted into (teel by cementa¬ 
tion w ith charcoal; green bottle glafs is converted into 
porcelain by cementation with fand, &c. The effects of 
cementation appear to be chiefly produced by one or more 
of the bodies being converted into vapour, and aiding 
upon the others. The change in tlie lolid is chiefly at¬ 
tended to. The powder is called by the name of a cement. 
CEMEN'TER, /. A perfon or thing that unites, in 
fociety.—God, having defigned man for a fociable crea¬ 
ture, furnidied him with language, w hich was to be the 
great indrument and cementer of fociety. Locke. 
CE'METERY, f. [y-oipccrnpiov, from y.oepacj, to fieep.J 
A place fet apart or confecrated for the burial of the dead. 
Among the primitive Chridians, cemeteries were held in 
great veneration. It even appears from Eufebius and 
Tertullian, that, in the early ages they aflembled for di¬ 
vine wordiip in them. Valerian feems to have confifcated 
cemeteries, with the other places of divine wordiip, but 
they were redored again by Gallienus. As the martyrs 
were buried in thefe places, flip Chridians chole them for 
building churches on, when Condantine edablilhed their 
religion; and lienee fome derive the rule, which dill ob¬ 
tains in the church of Rome, never to confecrate an altar 
without putting under it the relics of fome faint. 
CF.N, and C 1 N, denote kinsfolk : fo Cianulph is a help to 
his kindred; Cinehelm, a protector of Iris kinsfolk; Cinburg y 
the defence of his kindred ; Cinric, powerful in kindred. 
Gibfon. 
CENAPATAM', a town of Hindoodan, in the Myfore 
country: thirty-four miles north-ead of Seringapatam, 
and twenty-eight fouth-wed of Bangalore. 
CE'NATORY, [from ceno, Lat. to fup.] Relating 
to (upper.—The Romans wafhed, were anointed, and wore 
a cenatory or fupper garment. Brown. 
CENCHRAMI'DIA, /. in botany. See Clusia and 
Theobroma. 
G CEN'CHRUS, 
