22 C £ N 
CEN'CHRUS, f. [*e yxg°$, Gr.] In botany, Hedge¬ 
hog Grass; a genils of the clafs polygamia, order 1110- 
noecia, nataral order of grades. The generic characters 
are—Calyx : involucres many, laciniate, ecliinate, ga¬ 
thered into a head, each fefT.ie, including three calyxes, 
biflorous ; perianthium a bivalve glume, lanceolate, con¬ 
cave, acuminate, biflorous, fhorter than the corolla. Co¬ 
rolla : one male, the other hermaphrodite ; proper, each 
bivalve ; valves lanceolate, acuminate, concave, awnlefs; 
the interior one fmaller. Stamina: to eacli three fila¬ 
ments, capillary, length of the corolla ; antherae fagittate. 
Piftillum : germ of the hermaphrodite round fit; (fyle fili¬ 
form, length of the ftamens ; ftigmas two, oblong, hairy, 
fpreading. Pericarpium : none. Seed: roundilh.— F.JJ'ential 
CharaEler. Involucre, laciniate, ecliinate, two-flowered ; 
calyx, glume two-flowered, one male, the other herma¬ 
phrodite. Hermaphrodite: corolla,glume awnlefs ; (lamina 
three; feed one. Male : corolla, glume awnlefs; (lamina 
three. 
Species, i. Cenchrus racemofus, or branching cenchrtis: 
panicle (piked; glumes muricated with ciliary bridles. 
Native of the fouthern parts of Europe, on the coalt of 
Egypt, and the Ead Indies; dowering in July and Augud. 
2. Cenchrus lappaceus, or bur cenchrus : brandies of 
the panicle very fimple, corollas hfpid, backward; ca¬ 
lyxes three-valved, two-flowered. 3. Cenchrus murica- 
tu ( s: fpike muricated, fcales various, mucronated. Na¬ 
tives of the Ead Indies. 
4. Cenchrus capitatus, or oval fpiked cenchrus : fpike 
ovate, fimple. Culm three or four inches high, with 
only one joint. Native of the South of France and Italy. 
5. Cenchrus echinatus, or rough-fpiked cenchrus : fpike 
oblong, conglomerate. This is one of the mod common 
forts of grafs in the open paftures of Jamaica, and is looked 
upon both as a wholefome and pleafant food for all forts 
of cattle. Native of the Wed Indies and Society Ides ; 
cultivated in 1691 by Mr. Doody. 
6. Cenchrus trlbuloides: fpike glomerate, female glumes 
globular, muricate, fpiny, hirfute. Culms many, trailing, 
round, yellowifh, crooked, a foot and half long, the joints 
an inch and half didant; leaves two or three inches long. 
Native of Virginia and Jamaica. 
7. Cenchrus ciliaris, or ciliated cenchrus: fpike with 
fetaceous, ciliated, four-flowered, involucels. Culm af- 
ccnding, glolfy, the thicknefs of a thread, a fliort (pan in 
length, with infletfled joints. Found at the Cape by Koenig. 
8. Cenchrus granulards : racemes double, fruits globu¬ 
lar, wrinkle-netted. Native of the Ead Indies. Retzius 
fays, that lie has it both from Sumatra and Malabar; 
both have the leaves and dieatlis clothed with longidt 
white hairs. 
9. Cenchrus frutefceus: heads lateral, feflile; leaves 
mucronated, dem (lirubby. Found by Tournefort in 
Armenia. 
10. Cenchrus fetofus: fpike linear, oblong; involucres 
bridly.; bridles unarmed, the interior ones villofe at the 
bafe, hairs ciliate, glumes even. Native of the Wed Indies. 
11. Cenchrus purpurafeens: raceme fpiked, dmple; 
florets furrounded with very long awns, culms ereCt, two 
feet high ; leaves longer than the culm ; raceme loofe, a 
fpan long, with peduncles the length of the florets, fpread¬ 
ing in a double row ; awns purple, lix times the length 
of the florets. Native of Japan. 
CENEAN'GIA, f. [from •/ivac-a, to empty, and 
a veil'd. J An emptinefs of the vetfels, particularly thofe 
of the body, on account of abftinence, or refraining from 
food. By feme it is thought to mean primarily, a fpon- 
taneous evacuation of blood from the veffels; and con- 
fequently that which is artificial may be meant in fome 
authors by this term. 
CENE'DA, a town of Italy, in the Trevifano, belong¬ 
ing to the date of Venice, the fee of a biftiop, fuffragan 
et Udina; this town was deftroyed by the Huns and the 
Goths : twenty miles north of Trevigno. 
CE'NEGILD, f. [from cinnc, Sax. i. e. cognatio, rela¬ 
tion, and gild, folv.no, payment-J In the Saxon law, an 
C E N 
expiatory mulct, paid by one who had killed a man, to 
the kindred of the deceafed. 
CENGOT'TO, a final 1 ifland in the Mediterranean : 
twenty-four miles north-north-wed of Candid. Lat. 36. x. 
N. Ion. 41.0. E. Greenwich. 
CE'NIA, a river of Spain, which runs into the Medi¬ 
terranean, eight miles north-ead of Pegriifcola. It fepa- 
rates the provinces of Catalonia and Valencia in its courfe. 
CE'NIS (Mount), a part of the Alps, which feparates 
the marquilate of Sula from Morienne. 
CE'NO, or Zeno, a river of Italy, which runs into 
the Taro, eight miles fouth-fouth-wed of Parma. 
CE'NOBITE, f. [from communis ; and ( 3 t& y 
vita, life.] A religious perfon who lives in a convent, or 
in community, under a certain rule ; in oppofition to an¬ 
chorite, or hermit, who lives in folitude. Canian makes 
this difference between a convent and a monajlery , that the 
latter may be applied to the reddence of a (ingle religious 
perfon; whereas the convent implies cenobites, or numbers 
of religious perfons living in common. F'leury fpeaks of 
three kinds of monks in Egypt; anchorites, who live in fo- 
littide; cenobites, who live in community ; and farabaites, 
who are a kind of monks-errant, that droll from place to 
place. He refers the inditution of cenobites to the times 
of the apodles, and makes it a kind of imitation of the or¬ 
dinary lives of the faithful at Jerufalem. St. Puchomius 
is ordinarily owned the inditutor of the cenobite life; as 
being the fir ft who gave a rule to any community. 
CENOBI'TICAL, adj. [zow©-' and ( 3 r©-, Gr.] Living 
in community.—They have multitudes of religious or¬ 
ders, black and grey, eremitical and cenobitical, and nuns. 
Stilling fleet. 
CE'NOTAPH, y. and t atp&, Gr.] A monu¬ 
ment raifed to the memory of one buried elfevvhere.— 
The Athenians, when they loft any men at fea, raifed a 
cenotaph, or empty monument : 
Priam, to whom tire dory was unknown. 
As dead deplor’d his metamorphos’d fun ; 
A cenotaph his name and title kept, 
And HeCtor round the tomb with all his brothers wept. 
Dry den. 
CENSE, f. \_cevfus, Lat.] Public rate.—WeTee what 
floods of treafure have flowed into Europe by that adtion; 
fo that the cenfe, or rates of Chridendom, are raifed lince 
ten times, yea twenty times told. Bacon. 
To CENSE, v. a. [cncenfer, Fr.] To perfume with 
odours ; contracted from incenfe : 
The Salii dng, and cenfe his altars round 
With Saban fmoke, their heads with poplar bound. Dryd. 
CEN'SER., f. [ encenfoir, Fr.] The pan or veflel in 
which incenfe is burned : 
Of incenfe clouds, 
Fuming from golden cenfers, hid the mount. Milton, 
A pan in which aijy thing is burned ; a fire-pan .- 
Here’s fnip, and nip, and cut, and flifli, and (lafh, 
Like to a cenfcr in a barber’s fliop. Skakefpeare. 
The term cenfer is chiefly ufed in fpeakingof the Jewifh 
worihip.. Among the Greeks and Romans it is more fre¬ 
quently called thi/ribulum, AiSaxaTic,and acccra. The Jewifh 
center was a finall fort of chafling-didi, with a dome cover 
fufpended by a chain ; and the Roman catholics dill life 
them for their incenfe in particular maflfes. Jofeplms tells 
us, that Solomon made twenty thoufand golden cenfers 
for the temple of Jerufalem, to offer perfumes in, and 
fifty thoufand others, in which to carry fire. 
CEN'SION, f. \_cenfo, Lat.] A rate, an adefTment. 
CEN'SOR, f. [from ce'nfere, Lat. to fee or perceive.} 
An officer of Rome, who had the power of correcting 
manners. One who is. given to cenfure and exprobation : 
Ill-natur’d cenfors of the prefent age, 
And fond of all the follies' of the pad. Rofcommon. 
The bufinefs of the Roman cenfors was to number the 
people, eftiraate the pofleffions of every citizen, reform 
and 
