32 v CEO 
globular capfules are like fmall coriander feeds, and feffile 
in the axils ; they open into two hemifpheres, and contain 
feven or eig-ht feeds attached to a receptacle. Thefecap- 
fules contribute moll to difcovering this minute plant, 
found in Italy, France, Germany, Britain, Denmark, Sca¬ 
nia; in Tandy and gravelly places, that are a little mold, 
With us on Hour.llow-heath, Alhford-common, near 
Idampton-court, Chifiehurd, &c. Flowers from June to 
Augud. See Cerastium. 
CEN / TCJPLE, adj. [centuplex, Lat,] An hundred fold. 
To CENTU'PLICATE, r v. a. [ ccntuplicatiun , of centum 
and plico, Lat.] To make a hundred fold; to repeat a 
hundred times. 
CENTU'RI, a fmall fea port of the ifiand of Corfica. 
To CENTQ'RIATE, <v. a. [centurio, Lat.] To divide 
into hundreds. 
CENTURIA'TOR, /. A name given to hiftorians, 
who diitinguifh times by centuries ; which is generally 
the method of ecclefiaflical hiftoiy.—Elie centuriators of 
Magdeburg were the firll that difcovered this grand im- 
pofture. Ayliffe. 
CENTU'RION, f. [centurio, Latin.] A military officer 
among the Romans, who commanded an hundred men. 
See Rome. 
CENTURI'PiE, Centoripa, or Centuripe, an 
ancient town in the fouthweft territory of Etna, on the 
river Cyamaforus : now Centorbi. It was a democratical 
city, which, like Syracufe, received its liberty from Ti- 
moleon. Its inhabitants cultivated the fine arts, particu¬ 
larly fculpture and engraving. The fituation of the place 
is romantic : it is built on the fummit of a vaft group of 
rocks, which was probably cliofen as the mod difficult of 
accefs, and confequently the prOpered in times of civil 
commotion. The remains dill exiding of its ancient bridge 
are a proof of its having been a confiderable city. Cicero 
ippaks of it as fuch. It was taken by the Romans, plun¬ 
dered and oppreffied by Verres, destroyed by.Pompey, and 
redored by Oflavius, who made it the refidence of a Ro¬ 
man colony. 
CEN'TURY, f. [ centuria , Lat ] A hundred : ufuallv 
employed to (pecify time ; as, the fecond century.— The 
nature of eternity is l’uch, that, though our joys, after 
fome centuries of years, may feem to have grown older by 
having been enjoyed fo many ages, yet will they really 
continue new. Boyle. —It is fometimes ufed fimply for a 
hundred.—Romulus,.as you may read, did divide the Ro¬ 
mans into tribes, and the tribes into centuries or hundreds. 
Spenjer. 
CEN'TURIES of Magdeburg, a famous ectlefiafti- 
cal hidory, ranged into thirteen centuries, carried down 
to the year 17,98, compiled by feveral hundred protedants 
of Magdeburg, the chief of whom was Flacius Illyricus. 
CENTUS'SIS,/ in Roman antiquity, a coin containing 
one hundred affes, 
CE'OL, an initial in the names of men, which fignifies 
a fliip or vefiel, fuch as thofe that the Saxons landed in. 
Gibfon. 
CEOR'LES,/ The name of one of the daffies or orders 
into which the people were diltinguiffiied among the An¬ 
glo-Saxons. The ceorles, who were perfons completely 
free, and defcended from a long race of freemen, condi- 
tuted a middle clafs between the labourers and mechanics 
on the one hand, and the nobility on the other.' They 
feem ingeneral to have been a kind of gentlemen farmers; 
and if any one profpered fo far as to acquire the property 
of five hydes of land, ttpon which he had a church, a 
kitchen, a bell-houfe, and great gate, and obtained a feat 
and office in the king’s court, he was edeemed a noble¬ 
man or thane. If aceorl applied himfelf to learning, and 
attained to pried's. orders, he was alio confidered as a 
thane ; and his tedimony had the fame weight in a court 
of judice. When he applied to commerce, and made three 
voyages in a fliip of his own, and with a cargo belonging 
to himfelf, he was alfo advanced to the dignity of a thane. 
But if a ceorl had a greater propenfity to arms than to 
CEP 
learning, trade, or agriculture, he then became the fitli- 
cunman, or military retainer, to fome potent and warlike 
earl, and was called the hufcarle of fuch nobleman. If 
one of thefe bufcarles acquitted himfelf fo well as to obtain 
fiom his patron either five hydes of land, or a gilt fword, 
helmet, and breajl-plate, as a reward of his valour, he 
was then a thane. Thus the temple of honour flood open 
to the ceorls, whether they applied themfifives to agricul¬ 
ture, commerce, letters, or arms, which were the only 
profeffions edeemed worthy of a freeman. 
CE'OS, Cea, Cia, or Cos, in the ancient geography, 
cne of the Cyclades, oppofite to the promontory of Achaia, 
called Sunium. This ifiand is commended by the ancients 
for its fertility and richnefs of padure. The fird fiik duffc, 
if Pliny and Solinus are to be credited, were wrought 
here, 'Ceos was particularly famous for the excellent figs 
it produced. It was fird peopled by Aridseus, the fon of 
Apollo and Cyrene, who being grieved for the death of 
his fon A6laeon, retired from Thebes, at the perfuafion 
of his mother, and went over with fome Thebans to Ceos, 
or Cos, at that time uninhabited. The ifiand foon 
become fo populous, that a law prevailed, commanding 
all perfons upwards of lixty to be poifoned, that others 
might be able to fubfift; fo that thofe above fixty were 
obliged either to fubmit to the law, or abandon the coun¬ 
try. Ceos had, in former times, four cities, viz. Julis, 
Carthasa, Coreffus, and Praeeffa. The two latter .were, 
according to Pliny, fvvallawed up by the earthquake; the 
other two fiourilhed in Strabo’s time. C: rthsea dood on 
a riling ground, at the end of a valley, about three miles 
from the fea. The lituation of it agrees with thht of the 
prefent town of Zea. The ruins both of Carthsea and 
Julis are dill remaining ; thofe of the latter take up a whole 
mountain, and are called by the modern inhabitants Polis, 
the city. Near this place are the ruins of a dately temple, 
with many pieces of broken pillars, and ftdtues of moil ex- 
quilite workmanfliip. The city walls were of marble, and 
fome pieces are dill remaining above twelve feet in length. 
Julis was, according to Strabo, the birth-place of Simo¬ 
nides, Bacchylides, Erafidratus, and Arilto. Ceos was, 
with the other Greek ifiands, lubdued by, the Romans. 
The ifiand is now called Zea. 
CE'PA, f. in botany. See Allium and Pancra¬ 
tium. 
CEPCE'A, f. in botany. SeeSEDUM. 
CEPHZE'LIS, f. in botany. See Colloocca. 
CEPHALFE'A, /. [from Gr. the head.] The 
flelh of the head which covers the Ikull. Al r o a long con¬ 
tinued pain of the cerebrum and its membranes. 
CEPHALA'GIA, or Cephalalgia,/, [from »s-f>ax>i, 
the head, and aXyo?, pain.] The Head-Ach. By fome it 
is ufed to fignify a dull pain of the head, which is of a 
fhort duration. But mod frequently it is ufed as expref- 
five of pain in the head in general, without regard to cir- 
cumdances. For the caufes and cure, fee Medici n e. 
CEPHALAN'THUS,/ [Ks^aXo; and av 9 oc,head-fiower.] 
Button-wood, Button-tree, Pond-Dogwood, 
&c. in botany, a genus of the clafs tetrandria, order mo- 
nogynia, natural order of aggregatae. The generic cha- 
radlersare—Calyx: perianthium common none, but the re¬ 
ceptacle colledling many flofcules into a globofe head. Pe¬ 
rianthium proper one-leafed, funnel-form, angular, border 
quadrifid. Corolla: universal equal. Proper monopeta- 
lous, funnel-form, acute, quadrifid. Stamina : filaments 
four, inferted into the corolla ; Ihorter than the border. 
.Anthers globofe. Piftillum : germ, inferior. Style longer 
than the corolla. Stigma globofe. Pericarpium : none. 
Seeds : folitary, long, attenuated at the Gale, pyramidal 
and lanuginous. Receptacle : common globular, villofe. 
— EJfential Character. Calyx common none ; proper fu- 
perior, funnel-form ; receptacle globular, naked ; feed 
one, lanuginous. 
Species. 1. Cephalanthus occidentalis, or American 
button-wood : leaves in pairs or in threes. Tim lln ub 
feldom rifes higher than leven feet in this country. The 
branches 
