CEP 
branches come out by pairs, oppofite at each joint. The 
leaves are either in pairs oopotite, or there are three at the 
lame joint, Handing round the branch ; thefe are near 
three inches long, and one and a quarter broad, having a 
ftrong vein running longitudinally through the middle, 
and iome fmall tranfverfe veins from that to the borders; 
they are of a light green, and their foot-ftalks change to a 
reddifh colour next the branches; the ends of the branches 
are terminated by loofefpikes of (pherical heads, about the 
fize of a marble, each of which is compofed of many 
fmall flowers, of a whitifh-yellow colour, faftened to an 
axis in the middle ; thefe appear in July, and, in warm 
feafons, are fucceeded by feeds, w hich have fometimes ri¬ 
pened in England. Gaertner defcribes the fruit as an in¬ 
ferior capfule, crowned with the permanent calyx, inverfely 
pyramidal, fmootli, coriaceous, recklifh-ftraw or brick 
colour, four-celled, and divifible into four parts, two of the 
cells commonly abortive, but all valvelefs and never open¬ 
ing fpontaneoufly. Seeds four or two, one iti each cell, 
oblong, flattiih or angular on one fide, convex on the 
other, thicker at top and terminated by a callous epiphy- 
fi's, acuminate at bottom, and of a ferruginous red colour. 
Linneus fays that the feeds are lanuginofe ; and Miller af¬ 
firms that the capfules are globular and villofe ; whereas 
thofe which he fentto Gasrtner himfelf were quite fmooth, 
and agreed with the figure defcribed above. Introduced 
3735, by Peter Collin Con, Efq. 
2. Cephalanthus anguftifolius : leaves lanceolate-linear 
oppofite. This is a middle-fized tree, with afcending 
branches. Leaves quite entire. Flowers pale, in fmall 
terminating heads: common receptacle, colledling the 
florets into a ball: the fruit a fmall compound berry. 
3. Cephalanthus procumbens : Item procumbent, leaves 
ovate-lanceolate alternate. A thick flirub, with many long 
funicular branches. Leaves large, quite entire, tomentofe, 
petioled. Flowers violet-coloured, dioecous, in long in¬ 
terrupted terminating racemes. 
4. Cephalanthus montanus : leaves ovate crenate alter- 
. nate. A large tree, with a hempen bark, and fpreading 
branches. Flowers green, on folitary axillary peduncles, 
forming roundilh heads, on a naked globular receptacle : 
the females have no corollax. 
5. Cephalanthus ftej^atus: leaves llellate, lanceolate- 
linear. This is a middle-fized tree with afcending 
branches. Leaves by threes, quite entire, fmooth. Florets 
white, terminating, collected into a ball ; with a fmall 
ovate receptacle, and no common perianthium : the proper 
one is inferior, with four fubulate legments. Corolla fu- 
perior, with a four-cleft reflex border, four fubjeffile an¬ 
thers, a long ftyle, and one naked feed. Father Loureiro 
examined the living plants of all the fpeciesin their native 
foil; the fit ft and fourth in China, the others in Cochin- 
china ; and found them to differ very much, both from 
each other and Linnaeus’s generic character. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft fort is propagated 
chiefly by feeds, (though feme have been raifed from cut¬ 
tings and layers;) thefe fitould be fovvn in pots, for the 
greater convtniency of removing them either into a fhady 
fituation, or where they may have fhelter. If the feeds 
can be procured fo early as to fow them before Chrifimas, 
the plants will come up the following fummer; but, if they 
are fi.wn in the fpring, they generally remain a year in the 
ground; therefore, in fuch cafe, the pots fitould be placed 
in the (hade 'that fummer, and in the autumn following 
removed under a common frame to fhelter them from frolt, 
and the fpring following the plants will come up. The 
firft year, it will be neceflary to fhade the plants in hot, dry 
weather, while they are young, at w'hich time they are 
often deftroyed by being too much expofed ; nor fitould the 
watering be negleAed ; for thefe plants naturally grow on 
inotft ground The next autumn, when the leaves begin 
to drop, the young plants may be trarifplanted into nurfe- 
ry beds, which fitould be a little defended from the cold 
winds ; and, if the foil be moift, they will fucceed much 
better than in dry ground. In thefe nurlery-beds the 
Vol. IV. No. 175. 3 
CEP 33 
plants .may remain-a year or two, according to the progrefs 
they may have made, or the difiance at which they were 
planted ; then they may be taken up in October, andtranf- 
planted where they 'are to remain. It may alfo be per¬ 
formed in the fpring, efpecially if the ground he moift into 
which they ate removed, or that the plants be duly wa¬ 
tered, if the fpring fitould prove dry, otherwife there will 
be more hazard of their growing when removed at this 
feafott. Thefe plants make a pretty variety among other 
hardy trees and fit rubs, being extremely hardy in refpeff to 
cold ; but they delight in a moift light foil, where they 
will grow very faft, and their leaves will he larger than in 
dry land. The other forts are not at prefeutkiiown in Eu¬ 
rope. See Nauclea. 
CEPHALE'NlA, in the ancient geography, an ifland 
of the Ionian fea between ■ Ithaca and Zacynthus, whole 
inhabitants went with Ulyfies to the Trojan war, and was 
known in Homer’s time by the names of Samos and Epi¬ 
rus Melsena. It had anciently four cities, the names of 
which, according to Thucydides, were Same, Prone, Cra- 
nii,'and Pala;. It is now called Cephalonia. 
CEPHA'LIC, adj. That is medicinal to the 
head .—Cephalic medicines are all -fuch as attenuate the 
blood, fo as to make it circulate eafily through the capillary 
veflels of the brain. Arbuthnot on Aliment .—I drefled him 
up with foft folded linen, dipped in a cephalic balfam. 
Wifeman. 
CEPHALPTIS, f. [from ne<pu\v, Gr. the head.] A 
phrenfy, or inflammation of the parts within the head. 
CE'PHALON, a Greek of Ionia, who wrote an liiftory 
of Troy, befides an epitome of univerfal hiftory from the 
time of Ninus to Alexander, which he divided into nine 
books, inferibed with the name of the nine mufes. He af¬ 
fected not to know the place of his birth, expeCting it 
would be difputed like Homer’s. He lived in the reign of 
Adrian. 
CEPHALO'NIA, a confiderable ifland in the Mediter¬ 
ranean, nearthecoaftofLivadia to thenerth-eaft ; and near 
the coaft of Morea to the fouth-eaft ; oppofite to the 
Gulf of Lepanto ; about forty miles in length, and from 
ten to twenty in breadth. It was anciently called Samos 
and Epirus Melauna. It has been fubjeCt to the Venetians 
from the year 1449. The chief articles of commerce are 
oil, mufeadine wine, and a fpecies of grape called currants. 
The air is very warm, the trees are covered with flowers 
all the winter, and bear ripe fruit twice a year, in April 
and November ; but thofe which grow in the latter month 
are finaller than the others. Corn isfown in the winter, 
and reaped in June. Lat. 38. 20. to 38. 50. N. Ion. 38. 15. 
to 39. E. Ferro. 
CEPHALO'NIA, the capital of the ifland fo called ; the 
fee of a bilhop, united to Zant. This town was much 
damaged by an earthquake in 1766. Lat. 38. 30. N. Ion, 
38. 35. E. Ferro. 
CEPHALONO'SUS,/ [from Gr. the head, and 
vso-cc, a difeafe.] A difeafe of the head. It is ufually ap¬ 
plied to thatdiforder called the Hungarian fever, in which 
the head is principally aftefted. 
CEPHALO'TUS,/. in botany. See Thymus. 
CE'PH ALUS, in fabulous hiftory, fon of Peionius, king 
of Theflaly, by Diomede, daughter of Xuthus, married 
Procris, daughter of Erechtheus, king of Athens. Au¬ 
rora fell in love with him, and carried him away ; but he 
refufed to liften to her addrefles, and was impatient to re¬ 
turn to Procris. The goddefs fent him back ; and, to try 
the fidelity of his wife, fhe made him put on a different 
form, and he arrived at the houfe of Procris in the habit of 
a merchant. Procris for a time refilled ; but at length 
differed herfelf to be feduced by the gold of this ftranger, 
who difeovered himfelf the very moment that Procris had 
yielded up her virtue. This circumltance fo afhamed Pro¬ 
cris, that file fled from her hufband, and devoted herfelf 
to hunting in the ifland of Euboea, where fhe w'as admitted 
among the attendants of Diana, who prefented her with a 
dog always fure of hi? prey, and a dart which never miffed 
K its 
