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54- C E R 
in herds of 4 or 500 together, ranging over the vaft hills 
of the north. Formerly the great Highland chieftains 
ufed to hunt with the magnificence of an eaifern mo¬ 
narch, affembling 4 or 5000 of their elan, who drove the 
deer into the toils or to the Rations the lairds had placed 
themfelves in: but, as this pretence was frequently uled 
to colleft their vafl'als for rebellious purpofes, an aft was 
palled prohibiting any aflemblies of this nature. Stags 
arelikewife met with in Ireland on the mountains of Ker¬ 
ry, where they add greatly to the magnificence of the 
romantic fcenery round the lake of Killarney. The Rags 
of Ireland during its uncultivated Rate, and while it re¬ 
mained an almoR boundlefs traft of foreR, had an exaft: 
agreement in habit with thofe that range at prefent 
through the wilds of America. They were lefs in body, 
but very fat; and their horns of a fize far fuperior to 
thofe of Europe, but in form agreed in all points. The 
Siberian Rags grow to a monftrous fize; but in RulTia 
they are extirpated. Their attachment to muiic has been 
noticed by our poet Waller, and by other writers. Play- 
lord, in his introduftion to nuific, has the following cu¬ 
rious remark: “ Myfelt,” fays he, “ as I travelled near 
Roy Ron, met a herd of Rags, about twenty, on the road, 
following a bagpipe and violin ; which, while the muiic 
played, they went forward, but when it ceafed, they 
Rood Hill; and in this manner they were brought out of 
Yorkfhire to Hampton-court.” For the Ciiace of the 
Rag, fee the article Hunting. 
6. Cervus Virginianus, the Virginian deer ; has Render 
horns, bending much forwards, very Rightly palmated 
at the extrejnities, with numerous branches on the inte¬ 
rior edges, -and having no brow antlers. It inhabits Ca¬ 
rolina and Virginia; and has a coniiderable refernblance to 
the fallow deer, but is higher at the flioulders, and has a 
longer tail and longer legs ; the colour likewife is lighter, 
being an afli-coloured or cinereous browm. It is gregari¬ 
ous, very reRlefs, aftive, and eafily domeRicated ; and in 
winter live much on the mofs, or lichens, which grow on 
the trunks of trees. The.fleRn is dry, but ufeful to the 
Indians, who dry it for their winter provifion. The fkins 
area great article of commerce, and make excellent pliable 
leather for gloves, &c. They are trained by-the American 
Indians to decoy the wild deer, which they eafily bring 
within mulket-Riot. 
7. Cervus Axis, or deer, having ereft rounded horns, 
with three fnags or branches pointing upwards, and.no 
brow antlers. Of this there are feveral varieties, viz.— 
The fpotted axis, beautifully fpotted w'ith white : the 
horns are Render, and the firR branch is near the bafe. 
This inhabits the banks of the Ganges and the ifland of 
Ceylon ; it is about the fize of a fallow deer; of a light 
red colour, beautifully marked with white fpots, and 
having a white line along the lower part of the iides near 
the belly : the tail is longifh, of a red colour above 
and white beneath. This animal is very eafily tamed, 
and bears the climate of Europe, having bred at the 
Hague.—The middle axis, of an uniform light red co¬ 
lour: the horns rough, Rrong, and three-forked. Inha¬ 
bits the dry hilly forefis of Ceylon, Borneo, Celebes, and 
Java. Is about the fize of a Rag, being larger than the 
fpotted axis ; goes together in herds of feveral hundreds; 
and becomes very fat. The flefli is cut into fmall pieces, 
faltecl, and dried in the fun, for provifion.—The white 
axis ; refembles the former in every thing, except being 
entirely white. It inhabits with the former, and is 
efieemed a great rarity.—The larger axis ; of a reddifii 
brown colour, with very thick, large, Rrong", and rug¬ 
ged, three-forked horns. It inhabits the marlhes of Bor¬ 
neo and Ceylon, and is as large as a horfe ; with whitifh 
horns. The-animals of this variety are called Elanden, 
or elks, by the Dutch, and Mejangan Banjee, or water 
fiqgs, by the Javanefe and Malay's. Some of thefe are 
found among oxen, buffaloes, goats, hogs, &c. in Min¬ 
danao, Gilolo, Mandioly, Batchian, and the Papuas 
iflands. The axis has the fenfe of finelling in a very 
u s. 
nice degree, infomuch that, when tame, they will not 
eat bread which has been breathed on ; they agree in 
this circumftance with feveral other animals of the fame 
genus, and of the antelope and goat kinds. 
8. Cervus Porcinus, the porcine deer; with flender 
three-forked horns; the upper parts of the body are 
brown, and the under parts afh coloured. It inhabits 
India and Borneo. The body is thick and clumfy, from 
which it had its name of hog deer ; but the legs are fine 
and flender ; the body and head meafure three feet and a 
half long, is two feet two inches high at the fiioulder, 
and two inches higher at the rump ; the tail is eight in¬ 
ches long. It is caught in pit-falls, covered with fome 
Right materials. There is another variety, called the 
hog Rag, or fpotted porcine deer; has Rightly three¬ 
forked horns, the firR fnag being very near the head ; the 
body is of a yellowifh colour marked with white fpots. 
It is faid to have been brought from the Cape of Good 
Hope. This feems much tjie fame with the porcine deer, 
deferibed above, except the colour, and the fpots : the 
fize is very much the fame ; the noflrils are black, with 
a blackifh band at the corners of the mouth ; the colour 
of the head is mixed with grey, the fore-head and fides 
of the eyes being brow ; the ears are very large, gar- 
nifhed within with white hairs, and on the outfide' co¬ 
vered with fmooth brown hair, mixed with yellow ; the 
top of the back is brownifh ; the tail is yellow above, 
and white below ; and the legs are of a dark, or blackifh, 
brown colour. 
9. Cervus Muntjac, or rib-faced deer; has three lon¬ 
gitudinal ribs extending from the horns to the eyes ; aud 
a tufk hanging out from each fide of the upper jaw. It 
inhabits Java and Ceylon. This fpecies is fomewhat lefs 
than the roe, and refembles the porcine deer in fhape. 
The horns are placed on a boney procefs, which riles 
three inches above the fkull, and is covered with hair ; 
they are three-forked, the uppermoR fnag or branch be¬ 
ing hooked. In the Malay language it is called kidang, 
and munt-jakby the Javanefe. It is very common, going 
about only in fingle families, and is much elteemed for 
its flefli. 
10. Cervus Capreolus, the roe; has Rrong, fliort, rugged, 
upright, rounded horns, which are two-forked at the 
ends; the body is of a reddifii brown colour ; in fize 
about four feet long; two feet three inches high before, 
and two feet feven inches high behind: weigh from fifty to 
fixty pounds. Kis figure is elegant and handfome ; his 
eyes are brilliant, and more animated than thofe of the 
Rag. His limbs are more nimble his movements quicker, 
and he bounds, feemingly without effort, with equal vi¬ 
gour and agility. His hair is always clean, fmooth, and 
glofly. He never wallows in the mire like the Rag, but 
delights in dry and elevated fituations, where the air is 
pureR. He conceals himfelf with great addrefs, is moll- 
difficult to trace, and derives fuperior refources from in- 
Rinft : for though-he has the misfortune to leave behind 
him a flronger feent than the Rag, which redoubles the 
ardour and appetite of the hounds, he knows how to 
withdraw himfelf from their purfuit, by the rapidity 
with which he begins his flight, and by, his numerous" 
doublings. He delays not his arts of defence till his 
flrength fails him ; but, as fo.on as he finds that the firR 
efforts of a rapid chafe have been unfuccefsful, he repeat¬ 
edly returns on his former fteps : and after confounding, 
by thefe oppofite movements, the direftion he has taken, 
after intermixing the prefent with the part feent, he rifes 
from the earth by a great bound, and, retiring to a fide* 
he lies down fiat on his belly ; and, in this immoveable 
fituation, he allows the whole troop of his deceived 
enemies to pafs by him. The roe differs from the Rag 
and fallow-deer in difpofition, temperament, manners, 
and almoR every natural habit. Inflead of affociating 
in herds, they live in feparate families. The father, mo¬ 
ther, and young, go together, and never mix with 
flrangers. They are conflant in their amours, and 
never 
