C E S 
C E R 
never unfaithful like the flag. As the females generally 
produce two fawns, the one male and the other female, 
thefe young animals, brought up and nourillied together, 
acquire fo Itrong an aft'e&ion, that they never quit each 
other, unlefs one of them meets with a misfortune. This 
attachment is more than love ; for, though always toge¬ 
ther, they fec-1 the ardour of that paffion but once a-year, 
■ and it continues only fifteen days, commencing at the 
end of October, and ending by the fifteenth day of No¬ 
vember. They are not then, like the flag, overloaded 
with fat: they have no ftrong odour, no fury, in 
a word, nothing that can change the ftate of their bo¬ 
dies. During this period, they indeed fuft'er not their 
fawns to remain with them. The father drives them ofF, 
as if he meant to oblige them to yield their place to thofe 
which are to fucceed, and to form new families.for them- 
felves. However, after the rutting feafon is pad, the 
fawns return to their mother, and remain with her fome 
time ; after which they feparate for ever, and remove to 
a didance from the place which gave them birth. The 
female goes with young twenty-two weeks, and brings 
forth about the end of April or beginning of May. She 
produces two at a time, which, lhe alfo is obliged to con¬ 
ceal from the buck while very young. In ten or twelve 
days they acquire drength fufficient to enable them to 
follow her. When threatened with danger, die hides 
them in a clofe thicket, and, to preferve them, prefents 
herfelf to every danger. Roe-bucks were formerly very 
common in Wales, and in the north of England, and in 
Scotland ; but at prefent the fpecies no where exifts in 
Great Britain except in the Scottilh highlands. In France 
they are more frequent; they are alfo found in Italy, 
Sweden, and Norway ; and in Alia they are met with in 
Siberia. The fird that are met with in Scotland are in 
the woods on thelouth fide of Loch-Rannoch, in Perth- 
Ihire; the lad in thofe of Longwal, on the fouthern bor¬ 
ders of Caithnefs; but they are mod numerous in the 
beautiful foreds of Invercaukl, in the midd of the Gram¬ 
pian hills. They are unknown in Ireland. Wild roes, 
during fummer, feed on grafs ; and are very fond of the 
rubus faxatilis, called in the Highlands the roe-buck ber¬ 
ry ; but in the winter, when the ground is covered with 
fnow, they browfe on the tender branches of the fir and 
birch. Charlevoix mentions roes in North America; 
but, as the other writers, Lawfon, Catefby, Kalm, and Du 
Pratz, on the natural hidory of that country, do not 
fpeak of them, he is probably midaken. There is a vari¬ 
ety of this fpecies called the white roe, exactly like the 
common roe, only that it is pure white, with black hoofs 
and nole. This animal, which is mentioned only by Buf- 
fon, is probably an accidental variety rarely to be feen. 
ii. Cervus Pygargus, the aha, or tail-lels roe. It has 
no tail; and the horns are three-forked. It inhabits the 
woody mountains of Ruffia and Siberia beyond the Volga, 
and in Hircania. This fpecies refembles the roe, but is 
conliderably larger; it is of the fame deep red colour, 
with a large bed of white on the rump and buttocks, ex¬ 
tending up the back ; the fur is excelfively thick, and in 
Ipring is quite rough and ere£t; on the belly and limbs 
it is yellowilh; the Ipace round the nofe, and the fides of 
the under lip, are black, but the point of the lip is white ; 
the hairs of the eye-lids, and round the orbits, are long 
and black ; the horns are very rugged at the bafes, and 
full of knobs; the ears are covered on the infide with a 
very thick white fur. At the approach of winter, this 
animal becomes hoary, and defcends into the plains ; it 
is called dikeja roza by the Ruffians, faiga by the Tar¬ 
tars, which name is ufed in Ruffia for the Scythian an¬ 
telope, and ahu, or aha, by the Perfiahs. 
iz. Cervus Mexicanus, the Mexican deer ; has Itrong, 
thick, rugged, horns, bending forwards, three-forked at 
their extremities, with one erefi: faag about two inches 
above the bade : of a reddilh colour. It inhabits New 
Spain, Guiana, and Brafil. This fpecies is about the 
.fize of the roe; it is of a reddifu colour, and is fipotted 
55 
with white when young. The head is large, with bril¬ 
liant eyes, and a thick neck. The horns are apt to vary 
in the number of their branches ; and the fldh is much 
inferior to other venifon. 
13. Cervus Guineenfis, the grey deer; thus named by 
Mr. Pennant; and Guinea deer, by Dr. Gmelin ; is an 
obfcnre fpecies, and doubtful whether it belongs to the 
genus of deer, mulk, or antelope, as the fpecimen def¬ 
ended had no horns. It is only of the fize of a cat, of a 
grey colour on the upper parts, and blackilh underneath, 
having longifh ears ; with a large black fpot above the 
eyes, a black line between the ears, a perpendicular black 
line on each fide of the throat, the middle of the breafi; 
black, the fore legs and fides of the belly, as far as the 
hams, marked with black, and the under fide of the tail 
black. 
CER/VUS VOTANS, a name given by fome authors to 
the ftag-fly, or horned beetle. 
CE'RYX,yi the anceftor of the ceryces, a fort of public 
criers appointed to proclaim orpubliih things aloud in al- 
femblies. The ceryx among the Greeks anfwered to the 
praco among the Romans ; and in fome meafure to the 
criers of our courts. There were anciently two kinds of 
ceiyces, civil, and facred. The civil were appointed to 
call affemblies, and make filence therein; alfo to go on 
mefiages, and do the office of heralds. The facred were 
a fort of priefi's, wliofe office was to proclaim filence in the 
public games and facrifices, publifn the names of the con¬ 
querors, proclaim feafts, See. The priefthood of the ce¬ 
ryces was annexed to a particular family, the defeendants 
of Ceryx, fon of Eumolphus. To them it alfo belonged 
to lead the viftims to daughter ; and, before the ceremo¬ 
nies began, they called filence in the affembly. 
CE''SARE,_/'. among logicians, one of the modes of the 
fecond figure of fyllogifms ; the minor propofition of 
which is an universal affirmative, the other two univerfal 
negatives: thus, 
Ce No immoral book ought to be read ; 
Sa But every obfeene book is immoral; 
Re Therefore no obfeene books ought to be read. 
CESARE / A, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the pro¬ 
vince of Caramania : forty miles fouth-eaft of Yurcup. 
CESARE'A, or Cohansey Creek, a river of North 
America, in the ftate of New Jerfey, which runs into the 
Delaware : ten miles fouth-weft of Bridge Town. 
CESA'REAN, adj. ~ The Cefarccui fedlion is cutting a 
child out of the womb, either dead or alive, when it can¬ 
not otherwife be delivered. Which circumftance firlt 
gave the name of C’afar to the Roman family fo called. 
See the article Midwifery. 
CESE'NA, a town of Italy, in the province of Romag¬ 
na, the fee of a biihop, fuffragan of Ravenna: eighteen 
miles- loath of Ravenna, and twenty-five north-north- 
weft of Urbino. 
CESENA'TICA, a fea-port of Italy, in the Adriatic, 
in the province of Romagna, with a fntall harbour for 
filhing-boats : eight miles north-eaft of Cefena. 
CE'SI, a town of Italy, in the province of Umbria: fi- 
tu.ated on the edge of a lofty mountain, or rock, expofed 
to the fun from its riling to its fetting. 
CE'SLES, a town of Hungary; rive leagues north- 
north-eaft of Stul- Weifenburg. 
CESPE'DES (Paul), a painter of Cordova, who ac¬ 
quired fame in the fixteenth century, both in Spain and 
Italy. His manner approaches to that of Corregio : the 
fame exactnefs in the drawing, the fame force in the ex- 
preffion, the fame vigour in the colouring. It is impoffi- 
ble to contemplate without emotion his picture of the fall: 
flipper in the cathedral of Cordova ; where each of the 
apoftles prelents a different charafter of refpeft and affec¬ 
tion for their mafter; who difplays at once an air of ma- 
jefty and kindnefs; and the Judas a falfe and malignant 
countenance. The talents of Cefpedes were not whollj 
confined to painting; he was at the lame time philoib 
pher, 
