C H JE 
64 . 
from which they poured down, firm and collefted, on 
the advancing Athenians, whole confidence of fuccefs 
had rendered them infenfible of their danger. But the 
irrefiltible force of the Macedonian fpear converted their 
fury into del'pair. Above 1000 fell, 2000 were taken pri- 
foners ; the reft efcaped by a precipitate and (liaineful 
flight. Of the Thebans more were killed than taken. 
Few of the confederates perilhed, as they had little lhare 
in the adtion ; and as Philip, perceiving his vidtory to be 
complete, gave orders to fpare the vanquifhed, with a 
clemency unufual in that age, and not lels honourable to 
his underftanding than his heart ; fince his humanity thus 
fubdued the minds and gained the affeftions of his con¬ 
quered enemies. See Macedon. 
CHASROPHYL'LO SI'MILIS, /. in botany. See 
Aphanes. 
CHiEROPHYL'L'UM, f. and Or. re¬ 
joicing or being very luxuriant in leaves.] In botany, a 
genus of the clafs pentandria, order digynia, natural order 
or umbellatse or umbelliferae. The generic characters 
are—Calyx.: umbel univerfal fpreading ; partial nearly 
equal as to the number of rays. Involucre univerfal none; 
partial fubpentaphyllous ; leaflets lanceolate, concave, re¬ 
flected, nearly the length of the umbellule; perianthium 
proper ohfcure. Corolla: univerfal nearly uniform ; florets 
.of the dilk abortive. Proper of five petals, heart-in- 
fledted ; with the point bent in, flattifh ; exterior ones ra¬ 
ther larger. Stamina : filaments five, Ample, length of 
the umbellule. Anthers roundilh. Piltillum : germ in¬ 
ferior. Styles two refledted. Stigmas obtufe. Pericar- 
piurn ; none, fruit oblong, acuminate, fmooth, bipartile. 
Seeds two, oblong, attenuated upwards, convex on one 
fide, flat on the other.— EJfential Character. Involu- 
crum refledted concave ; petal, lieart-infledted ; fruit, 
oblong, even. 
Species, t. Chaerophyllum fylveftre, or wild cicely, 
cow-weed, or common cow-parfley : Item even, ftriated, 
joints fomewhat fvvelling. Two feet high and upwards, 
hollow, grooved, generally villofe and purplifh, much 
branched : branches lubereCt, lefs hoary than the Item. 
Very common in paftures, orchards, and under hedges, 
.flowering in May, and in warm fituations in April. Hud- 
fon marks itasan annual plant; other authors affirm it to be 
perennial ; we rather fuppofe it to be biennial. Linnaeus re¬ 
marks that this plant indicates a luxuriant foil; and fays 
thattheflowerscommunicate a green and yellow dye to wool. 
He alfo affirms that horfes, fneep and goats are not fond of 
it, and that cows and fwinerefufe it. According to Villars, 
horfes will not eat it, even in the liable. Miller fays that 
there are few animals who care to eat it except the afs. 
Oil the contrary, Ray informs us that it has the name of 
co'w-'wced, becaufe it is a grateful food to cows, in the 
fpring, before it runs up to ftalk ; and in confirmation of 
.this, Wainwright fays that cows like it fo well, that, 
when a pafture is over-run with it, as is often the cafe 
about Dudley, they always turn them in to eat it up. 
Rabbits are well known to be very fond of this herb ; 
and Curtis relates, that, in time of fcarcity, the young 
leaves have been ufed as a pot-herb. Haller (from Buck- 
wald) fays that the Dutch ufe it in gangrenes. John Bau- 
hin mentions inftances of two families having been poi- 
foned by eating a fmail quantity of the root. 
2. Chaerophyllum bulbofum, or tuberous chervil: Item 
even, fwelling at the joints, rough with hairs at the bafe. 
Root like the navew, and biennial; (tern from two or 
three to fix feet high, with reddifh-brown fpots, fmooth 
and even at top, hifpid, with long white hairs below, a 
little fwelling at the joints. The roots taken up early in 
the fpring are eaten boiled, with fait, oil, and vinegar. 
Gmelin affirms both thefe and the feeds to occafion verti¬ 
goes ; but certainly this is not true, at lealt of the frefti 
root, many perfons having eaten of that with impunity. 
Native of Germany, Auftria, Sv.i fieri and, Norway 5 in 
hedges and by wood fides; flowering in June and July. 
Cultivated 1739, by Mr. Miller. 
C H JE 
3. Chaerophyllum ariftatum : ftem even fwelling at the 
joints, feeds rough with hairs two-awned. Native of 
Japan. 
4. Chaerophyllum temulum, or wild chervil. Rough 
cow-parfley: ftem rugged, joints fwelling. Twofeetormore 
in height. The roughnefs, deep purple colour, and fwel- 
led joints, of the ftem, diftinguifli it from the firft fpecies ; 
it alfo flowers a month or fix weeks later, and is more 
confined to hedges, being rarely met with in open paf¬ 
tures. The ftem being generally fpotted with purple, 
it is frequently miftaken for hemlock. It has the name 
of temulum or tcmulentum from its fuppofed narcotic or 
inebriating quality, which it probably poffefles, like the 
fylveftre, only in a very fmail degree, &c. 
5. Chaerophyllum hirfutum, or hairy chervil: ftem 
equal; leaflets gaftied, acute ; fruits two-awned. This 
fpecies is perennial, and refembles the firft fort, but the 
leaves are hairy, and their fegments broader. Stem four 
feet. high. Corolla in fome plants red, in others white. 
Native of Swifferland, Germany, Auftria, Carniola, &c. 
6. Chaerophyllum aromaticum, or aromatic, chaerophyl- 
lum: ftem equal; leaflets ferrate, entire; fruits two- 
awned. Stem and petioles rough with hairs ; from two 
to three feet high. Native of Lufatia, Militia, Auftria, 
Silelia ; flowering in July and Auguft. Cultivated 1718, 
by Mr. Miller. 
7. Chaerophyllum coloratum : ftem equal; leaves fuper- 
decompound ; jnvolucels coloured. Native of Illyria. 
8. Chaerophyllum aureum, or golden chaerophyllum : 
ftem equal; leaflets gaflted; feeds coloured, grooved, awn- 
lefs. Stem angular, ftriated, fpotted, rough with hairs 
at bottom, and not hollow : eighteen inches or more in 
height. Native of the country about Geneva, of Svvif- 
ferland, Germany, and Auftria. Cultivated 1570 by Mr. 
Penn. 
9. Chaerophyllum fcabrum : ftem equal, leaves gaflted, 
acute, rough with hairs, peduncles rugged. Root fibrous ; 
ftem fomewhat flexuoie, er.eCt, angular, ftriated, fmooth 
below, liirfute above, a foot high and more ; leaves bi- 
pinnatc, rough with hairs. Found near Jeddo, &c. in 
Japan ; flowering in April and May. 
10. Chaerophyllum aiborefcens: ftem Iflrubby; leaves 
like thofe of the firft fpecies, large, fuperdecompound, 
with the pinnas much expanded. Native of Virginia. 
Propagation and Culture. The firft and fourth fpecies 
are common weeds. The others are admitted only into 
botanic gardens; not being in uffe either for medi¬ 
cine, or in the kitchen. If the feeds be permitted to 
fcatter, the plants will come up without farther care ; or 
they may be fown in fpring, where they are to remain. 
See Athamanta and Scandix. 
CHA 5 / TODON,y'. in ichthyology, a genus of fifhesbe- 
longing to the order of thoraci. The generic character, 
by which thefe differ from all other thoracic fillies, is, the 
fetaceous teeth. The body is broad, thin, laterally coni- 
preffed, covered with hard feales, and moft of the fpecies 
are ornamented with tranfverle bands. The head and the 
aperture of the mouth are finall ; the lips can be 
protruded and drawn back: the teeth are loofe, and of 
equal lengths; the eyes are fmail, round, covered with 
a membrane, and near the top of the head. The noftrils 
are double, fmail, and very near the eye. In moft of 
the fpecies, the dorfal; anal, and tail, fins, are ftiff, and 
covered with feales ; but all the fpecies have fpines in the 
dorlal and anal fins, the number of which varies in the 
different kinds, and often forms the fpecific character. 
This genus confifts of a vaft number of fpecies; fome 
authors reckon as many as feventy-feven; but it is not 
poffible to lay how many there may be. They are all en¬ 
tirely exotic, none of them being known in our leas. 
They are found in the warm countries of Afia, Africa, 
and America ; moft of the fpecies are found in the Baft 
Indies: yet the genus was not even known to the ancient 
writers on fifties. Block, in his late celebrated work, 
enumerates forty-feven fpecies, viz. 
1. Chaetodon 
