74 C H A 
CHALAMO'NT, a town of France, in the department 
■of the Ain, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridl 
of Montluel; four leagues fout.'a of Bourg enBrefle, and 
four north north-eaft of Montluel. 
CHALAN 7 , a town of Perfia, in the province of Far- 
fiftan : forty miles north-well of Scliiras. 
CHALAN^O'N, a town of France, in the department 
of the Ardeche : three leagues north of Privas. 
CHALARON'NE, a river of France, which runs into 
■the Sa.one, near Toiffey, 
CH ALAU 7 , or Kalau, a town of Lufatia: forty-fix 
miles louth-weft of Francfort on the Oder. 
CHALAU'TRE, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Seine and Marne : two leagues and a half 
eall of Provins. 
CHALA'ZA, [from ;^aXa£a, a hail-ftone.] The tread 
of an egg, and a Irnall tubercle on the eye-lid, are fo 
named from their likenefs to a hail-ftone. 
CHAL'CASPANICULA'TA,/. in botany. See.MuR- 
raya Exotica. 
CHALCE'DON, or Ch alcf.do'nia, now Kadi-Keni, 
an ancient city of Bithynia, oppofite Byzantium, built 
by a c dony from Megara. Its fituation was fo impro¬ 
perly chofen, that it was called the city of blind men, 
intimating the inconfiderate plan of the founders. Chal¬ 
cedon, in the Chriftian times, became famous on account 
cf the council which was held there againft Eutyches. 
The emperor Valens caufed its walls to be levelled with 
the ground for tiding with Procopius, and the materials 
to be conveyed to Conllantinople, where they were em¬ 
ployed in building the famous Valentinian aquedudt. 
Chalcedon is at prefent a fmall place*, known to the 
Greeks by its ancient name, and to the Turks by that 
of Cadiaci, or “ the judges town.” 
CHAL'CEDONY, or White Agate,/. A flint of 
a white colour, refembling milk diluted with water, and 
more or lefs opake, with veins, circles, or lpots. It is 
fofter than the onyx, but much harder than the agates 
of the fame colour as the onyx. Bergman obferves 
that it varies greatly in fpecific gravity, from 2*5 
to 4*6. He found the chalcedony of Ferro to contain 
eighty-four parts of filex, and fixteen of clay. 
CHALCEFAS, / in botany. See Alchinops. 
CHALCFDENE, or Chalcidice, in the ancient geo¬ 
graphy, an inland country of Syria, having Antioch or 
Seleucia to the weft, Cyrrheftica to the north, to the 
fouth Apamene and Ccelofyria, and to the eaft Chaiybo- 
nitis ; fo called from its principal city Chalcis. This 
province, one of the molt fruitful in Syria, was feized 
by Ptolemy the fon of Mennteus during the troubles of 
Syria, and by him made a feparate kingdom. 
CHALCr'DIC,CHALCiDinuM,orCH ALCEnoNiuM,in 
ancient architefture, a magnificent hall belonging to a 
tribunal or court of juftice. Feftus fays, it took its name 
from the city Chalcis; but he does not give the realon. 
Pilander defcribes it as the court or tribunal where alfairs 
of money and coinage were regulated j fo called from 
p/(Xxoc[ brafs, and bun, juftice. Others fay, the money 
was ftruck in it; and derive the word from pcaXxo?, and 
oxoc, houfe. In Vitruvius, it is ufed for the auditory of 
a bafilica ; in more ancient writers, for a hall or apart¬ 
ment where the heathens imagined their gods to eat. 
CHALCI'DIUS, a famous platonic philofopher in the 
third century, who wrote a commentary, which is efteem- 
ed, on the Timteus of Plato. This work has been tran¬ 
slated from the Greek into Latin. 
CHAL 7 C 1 S, now Egripo, the chief city of Euboea, in 
that part which is neareft to Bceotia. It was founded by 
an Athenian colony. The illand was faid to have been 
anciently joined to the continent in the neighbourhood 
of Chalcis. There were three other towns of the fame 
name, in Thrace, Acarnania, and Siciiy, all belonging 
to the Corinthians. Pliny. 
CHALCFOPE, a daughter of iEetes king of Colchis, 
who married Phryxus fon of Athamas, who had fled to 
a 
C H A 
her father’s court for proteftion. She had fome children 
by Phryxus, and fhe preferved her life from the avarice 
and cruelty of her father, who bad murdered herhulband 
to obtain the golden fleece. Ovid. 
CHALCFTIS, one of the divifians or diftri&s of Me- 
fopotamia, to the fouth of Anthemufia, the moft northern 
diftri< 5 l, next to Armenia, and fituated between Edefla 
and Carras. Cbalcitis (Pliny), an illand oppofite to 
Chalcedon. 
CHAL'CO, a town of America, in the province of 
Mexico, near a lake to which it gives name : eighteen 
miles fouth-eaft of Mexico. 
CHAL 7 CONDYLES (Demetrius), a native of Athens, 
and lcholar of Theodore Gaza, was one of thofe Greeks 
who about the time of the taking of Conllantinople 
went into the weft. At the invitation of Laurence de 
Medxcis, he profefled to teach the Greek language at 
Florence, ini479 ; where he had for his rival Angelus Po- 
litianus, to whom Laurence had committed the tuition 
of one of his fons. After the death of Laurence, Chal- 
condyles was invited to Milan by Lewis Sfortia. Here 
he taught Greek with great reputation; and died in 
1510, at eighty years of age. Among the learned whom 
pope Nicolas V. lent to Rome to trar.llate the Greek au¬ 
thors into Latin, Chalcondyles was one ; from which we. 
may colieft, that he probably travelled into the well be¬ 
fore the taking of Conllantinople in 1453, fince Nicolas 
died in 1455- He pubiilhed a grammar, and fome other 
things ; and under his infpeftion was firft pubiilhed at 
Florence, in 1499, the Greek lexicon of Saidas. Pierius 
Valerianus, in his book De infelicitate literatorum, fays* 
that Chalcondyles, though a deferving man in his moral 
as well as literary character, led neverthelefs a very un¬ 
happy life; and reckons perpetual banilhment from his 
country among the chief of his misfortunes. 
CHAL 7 CONDYLES (Laonicus), a native of Athens, 
who wrote in the 15th century a hiftory of the Turks* 
in ten hooks, from 1298 to 1462. This hiftory, tranflat- 
ed into Latin by Claufer, is interefting to all Inch as 
would trace the Grecian empire in its decline and fall, 
and the Ottoman power in its origin and progrefs; but 
allowance mull be made for feveral fa£ls fet down in too 
much hafte. The hiftory of Chalcondyles made its ap¬ 
pearance in Greek and Latin, from the Louvre, in 1650, 
folio. There is a French tranllation of it by Vigenere, 
continued by Mezerai, 1662, 2 vols. folio. 
CHALDE 7 A, in the ancient geography, taken in a 
larger fenfe, included Babylonia; as in the prophecies 
of Jeremiah and Ezekiel. In a reftrifted fenfe, it de¬ 
noted a province of Babylon, towards Arabia Deferta; 
called in Scripture ‘The land of the Chaldeans. Named 
from Chafed the fourth fon of Nahor. See Bab ylonia. 
CHAL'DEE Paraphrase, acelebrated writing, called 
the Targum. There are three Chaldee paraphrafes in 
Walton’s Polyglot; viz. that of Onkelos, that of Jona¬ 
than fon of Uziel, and that of Jerufalem. 
CHAL'DER, Chaldron, or Chaudron, / A dry 
Englilh meafure of coals, confining of thirty-fix bufhels 
heaped up, according to the fealed bulhel kept at Guild¬ 
hall, London. The chaldron of coals is accounted to 
weigh about 2000 pounds. On fhip board, twenty-one 
chaldrons of coals are allowed to the fcore. 
CHALDES AY'GUES, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Cantal: four leagues fouth of St. Flour. 
CHA'LEUR BAY, a large bay of the Atlantic, in the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence, between the province of New 
Brunfwick and the fouth part of Lower Canada. On the 
8th cf July, 1760, a French fleet was deftroyed by the 
Englifli, under the command of captain Byron, in this 
bay. Lat. 48. N. Ion. 65. W. 
CHALENCEY 7 , a town of France, in the department 
of the Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftri6l of Langres: thirteen miles fouth-fouth-well of 
Langres. 
CHALET 7 TE, a town of France, in the department of 
the 
