C H A 
the Aube, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 
Arcis: twelve miles fouth-eaft of Arcis. 
CHA'LICE, /. [ calic , Sax. ccilice, Fr. calix, Lat.] A 
cup; a bowl: 
When in your motion you are hot, 
And, that he calls for drink, I’ll have prepared him 
A chalice for the nonce. Shakefpeare. 
It is generally ufed for a cup ufed in a6ts of worfhip.—- 
All the church at that time did not think emblematical 
figures unlawful ornaments of cups or chalices. StHlingjleet. 
CHA'LICED, adj. [from calix , Lat. the cup of a few¬ 
er.] Having a cell or a cup: applied by Shakefpeare to a 
flower, but now obfolete: 
Hark, hark! the lark at heav’n’s gate fings, 
And Phoebus ’gins arife, 
His (feeds to water at thefe fprings. 
On chalk'd flowers that lies. Shakefpeare. 
CHALIGNY', a town of France, in the department 
of the Meurte : five miles fouth-weft of Nancy. 
CHA'LIM, a town of Portugal, in the province of 
Tin los Montes : twenty miles Couth of Bragan9a. 
CHATIM-POU, a town of Chinefe Tartary. Lat. 
41.12.N. Ion. 139.40. E. Ferro. 
CHATIN, a river of Ruffia, which runs into the Kar- 
Ikoi Sea. Lat. 73. 5. N. Ion. 89. E. Ferro. 
CHALINAR'QUES, a town of France, in the de¬ 
partment of the Cantal: twelve miles north of St. Flour. 
CHALINDREY', a town of France, in the department 
o the Upper Marne, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftriff of Langres : five miles fouth-eaft of ‘Langres. 
CHALK, / \_cealc, cealcftan, Sax. calck, Welfti.] A 
very common fpecies of calcareous earth, of an opake 
white colour, very foft, and without the lead appearance 
of a polifh in its fracture. Its fpecinc gravity is from 
2-4 to 2-6 according to Kirwan, who likewife informs us 
that the fubftance contains more fixed air than any other 
variety of the calcareous clafs, generally about forty per 
cent. It contains a little filiceous earth, and about two 
per cent of clay. Some fpecimens, and perhaps moft, 
contain a little iron; and Birgman affirms, that marine 
fait of lime, ormagnefia, is often found in it; for which 
reafon he direfts the powder of chalk to be feveral times 
boiled in diftilied water before it is dilfolved for the pur- 
pofe of obtaining pure calcareous earth. See Lime. 
Red chalk is a clay coloured by the calx of iron, of 
which it contains from fixteen to eighteen parts in the 
hundred, according to Rinman. Spanish chalk, is the 
loap-rock, or lapis ollaris ; which is ufually diftinguiflied 
by this name. See Chemistry. Black chalk is a name 
given by painters to a fpecies of earth with which they 
draw or defign on paper, &c. The colour-ftiops are 
fupplied with this earth from Italy or Germany ; though 
fome parts of England afford fubftances nearly, if not 
entirely, of the fame quality, and which are found to be 
equally ferviceable both for marking, and for black 
paints. Such particularly is the black earth called killow , 
faid by Dr. Merrit in his Pinax Rerum Britannicanum, 
to be found in Lancalhire; and by Da Cofta, in his Hif- 
tory of Foffils, to be plentiful near the top of Cay-Avon, 
an high hill in Merionethfhire. Chalk is employed as a 
remedy againft the heart-burn, and other dilorders that 
have acidity in the primae viae for their caufe. Dr. Slare 
afferts from experiments, that it abforbs acid fooner, and 
more powerfully, than crabs’-eyes, calcined hartftiorn, 
or coral. Some ufe it when finely powdered, to fprinkle 
on eryfipelatous inflammations. When chalk is faturat- 
ed with an acid, it is faid to become fubaftringent, other- 
wife it hath no fuch property; hence chalk, given when 
acidity prevails in the ftomach, fometimes produces cof- 
tivenefs; though this is much doubted by Cullen and 
others. Two drachms for a dole, and repeated at proper 
intervals, have often effected at a fpeedy cure, both in a 
C H A 75 
diarrhoea and a dyfentery ; but this effect was owing to 
its abforbing thofe acrid juices whofe ftimuli caufed the 
morbid excretion. When milk turns four on the fto¬ 
mach, afcruple of chalk may be given with each halt pint. 
To CHALK, c v. a. To rub with chalk : 
The beaftly rabble then came down 
From all the garrets in the town, 
And (falls and (hop-boards in vaft fwarms. 
With new -chalk'd bills and rufty arms. Hudihras. 
To manure with chalk.—Land that is chalked , if it is not 
well dunged, will receive but little benefit from a fecond 
chalking. Mortimer. —To mark or trace out as with chalk-. 
—His own mind chalked out to him the juft proportions 
and meaiures of behaviour to his fellow-creatures. South. 
CHALK-CUTTER, f A man that digs chalk.—■ 
Shells, by the feamen called chalk eggs, are dug up com¬ 
monly in the chalk-pits, where the chalk-cutters drive a 
great trade with them. Woodward. 
CHALK-PIT, f. A pit in which chalk is dug. 
CHALK-STONES,/. The calculi or concretions in the 
hands and feet of people violently afflidfed with the gout. 
Leeuwenhoek has been at the pains of examining thefe 
by the microfcope. He divides them into three parts. 
The firft is compofed of fmall particles of matter looking- 
like white grains of fand ; this is harder and drier, and 
alfo whiter, than the reft. When examined with large 
magnifiers, they are found to be compofed of oblong 
particles laid clolely and evenly together: though the 
whole fmall (tones are opaque, thefe component parts of 
them are pellucid, and relentble pieces of liorfe-hair cut 
(hort, only that they are fomewhat pointed at both ends. 
Thefe are fo extremely thin, that Mr. Leeuwenhoek com¬ 
putes, that a thoufand of them placed together would 
not amount to the fize of one hair of our heads. The 
whole (tones in this harder part of the chalk are not com ¬ 
pofed of thefe particles, but there are confufedly thrown 
in among them fome broken parts of others fubftances, 
and in a few places fome globules of blood and fmall re¬ 
mains of other juices. The fecond kind of chalky mat¬ 
ter is lefs hard and lefs white than the former, and is 
compofed of fragments or irregular parts of thofe oblong 
bodies which compofe the firft or hardeft kind, and thefe 
are mixed among tough and clear matter, interfperfed 
with the fmall broken globules of blood difcoverable in 
the former, but in much greater quantity. The third 
kind appears red to the naked eye ; and, when examin¬ 
ed with glaffes, is found to be a more tough and clammy 
white matter, in which a great number of globules of 
blood are interfperfed ; thelegive it its red appearance. 
CH ALK'Y, adj. Confiding of chalk ; white with chalk. • 
—That bellowing beats on Dover’s chalky cliff. Rowe .— 
Impregnated with chalk.— Chalky water towards the top 
of earth is fretting. Bacon. 
CHALLA'NS, a town of France, and principal place 
of a diftridt, in the department of the Vendee: (even 
leagues north of Sables d’Glonne, and fixteen north-welt 
of Fontenay le Comte. 
CHALL'ANT, a town of Piedmont, in the duchy of. 
Aofta : eleven miles eaft-fouth-eaft of Aofta. 
To CHALLENGE, as. a. [ckalenger, Fr.] To call 
ther to arifwer for an offence by combat: 
The prince of Wales ftept forth before the king, 
And, nephew, challeng'd you to (ingle fight. Shakef. 
To call to a conteft.—I challenge any man to make 
pretence to power by right of fatherhood, either intek 
ligible or poffible. Locke. —To accufe : 
Were the grac’d perfon of our Banquo prefent,. 
Whom I may rather challenge for unkindnefs. Shake/. 
To claim as due.—That divine order, whereby the pre* 
eminence of chiefeft acceptation is by the belt things 
worthily challenged. Hooker, 
St>. 
