C H A 
€ H A 
76 
So when a tyger fucks the bullock’s blood, 
A famifh’d lion, iffuing, from the wood, 
Roars loudly fierce, and challenges the food. Dryden. 
To call any one of the performance of conditions.—I 
will now challenge you of your promife, to give me cer¬ 
tain rules as to the principles of blazonry. Peach am . 
CHALLENGE,/. A fummons to combat: 
I never in my life 
Did hear a challenge urg’d more modeftly. Shakefpeare. 
A demand of fomething as due.—There rauft be no chal¬ 
lenge of fuperiority, or difcountenancing of freedom. 
Collier. 
CHAI/LENGE, in law, an exception taken either 
againft perfons or things. Perfons, as to jurors, or any 
one or more of them : or in cafe of felony, by the pri- 
foner at the bar againft things, as a declaration, &c. The 
former is the molt frequent fignification in which this 
term is now ufed. There are two kinds of challenge ; 
either to the array, by which is meant the whole jury as 
it ftands arrayed in the panel, or little fquare pane or 
parchment, on which the jurors’ names are written ; or 
to the polls ; by which are meant the feveral particular 
perfons or heads in the array. 1 Injl. 156. Challenge to 
jurors is alfo divided into challenge principal or peremp¬ 
tory j and challenge pur caufe, i. e. upon caufe or reafon 
alledged : challenge principal or peremptory, is that 
which the law allows without caufe alledged, or further 
examination; as a prifoner at the bar, arraigned for fe¬ 
lony, may challenge peremptorily the number allowed 
him by law, one after another, alleging no caufe, but 
his own diflike, and they fhall be put off, and new taken 
in their places: but yet there is a difference between 
challenge principal, and challenge peremptory ; the latter 
being ufed only in matters criminal, and barely without 
caufe alleged; whereas the former is in civil actions for 
the moll part, and by afligning fome i’uch caufe of ex¬ 
ception, as being found true the law allows. Stundf. P. C. 
124. Challenge to the favour, which is afpecies of chal¬ 
lenge for caufe, is where the plaintiff or defendant is te¬ 
nant to the fheriff, or if the ffieriff’s foil hath married the 
daughter of the party, See. and is alfo when either party 
cannot take any principal challenge, butfheweth caufe of 
favour; and caufes of favour are infinite. If one of the 
parties is of affinity to a juror, the j uror hath married 
the plaintiff’s daughter, &c. If a juror hath given aver- 
dift before in the caufe, matter, or title ; if one labours a 
juror to give his verdift ; if after he is returned, a juror 
eats and drinks at the charge of either party; if the 
plaintiff, &c. be his mafter, or the juror hath any intereft 
in the thing demanded, See. thefe are challenges to the 
favour. 2 Rol. Abr. 636. 
CHAI/LENGE TO FIGHT. It is a very high of¬ 
fence to challenge another, either by word or letter, to 
fight a duel, or to be the meffenger of fuch a challenge, 
or even barely to endeavour to provoke another to fend a 
challenge, or to fight;asbydifperfingletterstothatpurpofe, 
full of reflexions, and infinuating a defire to fight, &c. By 
flat. 9 An. c. 14. “ Whoever fhall challenge, or provoke 
to fight, any other perl’on or perfons whatfoever, upon 
account of any money won by gaming, playing, or bet¬ 
ting at any of the games mentioned in that aft, fhall on 
conviftion by indidfment or information, forfeit all their 
goods, chattels, and perfonal eftate, and fuffer impril'on- 
inent without bail, in the county prifon for two years.” 
It is now every day's praftice for the court of king’s- 
bench, to grant informations againft perfons fending 
challenges to jullices of the peace, or to other perfons. 
CHAL'LENGER, /. One that defies or fummons ano¬ 
ther to combat: 
Young man, have you challenged Charles the wreftler ?—- 
No, fair princefs; he is the general challenger .• Shake f. 
One that claims fuperiority; 
Whofe worth 
Stood challenger on mount of all the age. 
For her perfeftions. Shakefpeare. 
A claimant; one that requires fomething as of -right — 
Earneft challengers there are of trial, by fome public de¬ 
putation. Hooker. 
CHAL'LIN, a town of France, in the department of 
the Mayne and Loire : five leagues w'eft of Anger. 
CHA'LO, a river of Afia, which rifes near Laffa, or 
Baratola, in Tartary, paffes through the province of 
Yunnan, in China, the country of Laos and Tonquin, 
and empties itfelf into the gulf of Cochinchina, in the 
Eaftern Sea, oppofite the ifland of Hainan. 
CHA'LONER (Sir Thomas), a celebrated ftatefman, 
foldier, and poet, defcended from a good family at Den¬ 
bigh in Wales,and born at London in 1515- Havingbeen 
educated in both univerfities, but chiefly at Cambridge, 
he was introduced at the court of Henry VIII. w'ho fent 
him abroad in the retinue of Sir Henry Knevet, ambaf- 
fador to Charles V. and he had the honour to attend 
that monarch on his fatal expedition againft Algiers in 
•1-541. Soon after the fleet left that place, he was fliip- 
wrecked on the coaft of Barbary in a very dark night: 
and having exliaufted his ftrength by Iwimming, he 
chanced to ftrike his head againft a cable, which he had 
the prefence of mind to catch hold of with his teeth; and, 
with the lofs of feveral of them, was drawn up by it into 
the fhip to which he belonged. Mr. Chaloner returned 
loon after to England, and was appointed firft clerk of 
the council, which office he held during the reft of that 
reign. On the acceflion of Edward VI. he became a fa¬ 
vourite of the duke of Somerfet, whom he attended to 
Scotland, and was knighted by that nobleman after the 
battle of Muffelburgh, 1111547. The proteftor’s fall put 
a Hop to Sir Thomas Chaloner’s expectations, and in¬ 
volved him in difficulties. During the reign of queen 
Mary, being a determined proteftant, he was in fome 
danger; but having many powerful friends, he had the 
good fortune to efcape. On the acceflion of queen 
Elizabeth, he appeared again at court; and wasfo loon 
diltinguifhed by her majefty, that flie appointed him 
ambaffador to the emperor Ferdinand I. The queen 
was fo well fatisfied with his conduft, that, loon after 
his return, Ihe fent him in the fame capacity to the court 
of Madrid. He embarked for Spain in 1561, and re¬ 
turned to London in 1564, in confequence of a requeft 
to his fovereign, in an elegy written in imitation of 
Ovid. After his return, he refided in Cierkenwell-clole, 
where he died in 1565, and was buried in St. Paul’s ca¬ 
thedral. So various were the talents of Sir Thomas 
Chaloner, that he excelled in almoft every thing to 
which he applied himfelf. He made a confiderable figure 
as a poet. His poetical works were publilhed by Wil¬ 
liam Malim, mafter of St. Paul’s fchool, in 1579. His 
capital work was that “ Of reftoring the Englilh repub¬ 
lic, in ten books,” which he wrqte when he was ambaf¬ 
fador in Spain. 
CHALONER (Sir Thomas), though inconfiderable 
as an author, delerves to be recorded as a Ikilful natu- 
ralift, in an age when natural hiftory was very little un- 
derftood in this or any other country; and particularly 
as the founder of the alum works in Yorklhire, which 
have fince proved fo exceedingly advantageous to the 
commerce of this kingdom. He was the only fon of Sir 
Thomas Chaloner mentioned in the preceding article, 
and was born in 1559. Being very young at the time of 
his father’s death, lord, treafurer Burleigh, taking charge 
of his education, fent him to St. Paul’s fchool, and af¬ 
terwards to Magdalen college in Oxford, where like his 
father, he difeovered'extraordinary talents for Latin and 
Englilh poetry. About the year 1580, lie made the 
tour of Europe, and returned to England in 1584, when 
he married the daughter of Sir William Fleetwood, re¬ 
corder of London. In 1591 he was knighted; and fome 
time 
