78 C H A 
neric charadfters are—I. Hermaphrodite flower. Calyx: 
jpathe univerfa'l, cotnprefl’ed, bifid; fp'adix branching; 
perianthium proper tripartite, very fmall. Corolla : tri¬ 
partite. Petals ovate, coriaceous, eredt, acute, infiedted 
at the tip. Stamina : filaments fix, fubulate-compreffed, 
fcarce cohering at the bafe. Anthers linear, twin, grow¬ 
ing to the interior fide of the filaments. Piltillum : germs 
three, ■ / roundiIh ; ftyles as many, diltindl, permanent. 
Stigmas acute. Pericarpium: drupes three, globofe, 
unilocular. Seeds folitary, globofe. II. Male flower in 
a diftinft plant, flowering in the fame manner. Calyx 
and corolla as in the hermaphrodite. Stamina: a gib¬ 
bous receptacle, ending in fix filaments not marked by 
perforations. All the other particulars as in the herma¬ 
phrodites. EJfgktial Char after. —Hermaphrodite. Calyx : 
three-parted; corolla three-petalled. Stamina fix ; pif- 
tiilum three; drupes three, one-ieeded. Males. Dioe- 
cous, as in the hermaphrodite. Thunberg removes this 
genus into the dais hexandria, and the order monogynia, 
along with mufa. 
Species, i. Chamserops humilis, or dwarf fan-palm: fronds 
palmated, plaited ; ftipes thorny. This never riles with 
an upright Item, hut the foot-lialks of the leaves rife 
immediately from the head of the root, and are armed 
on each fide with' ttrong fpines ; they are flat on then- 
upper furface, and convex on their under fide. The cen- 
• ters of the leaves are fattened to the foot-ftalk, and 
fpread open like a fan, having many foldings, and at the 
top are deeply divided like the fingers of a hand; -when 
■fiiey firft come out, they are clofed together like a. fan 
when fliut, and are fattened together by ftrong fibres 
which run along the borders of the leaves; and, when 
the leaves fpread open, thefe fibres or firings hang from 
the fides and ends ; the borders of the leaves are finely 
fawed, and have white narrow edgings ; they are from 
nine to eighteen inches-long, and near afoot broad in 
their wideft part: as the lower leaves of the plants decay, 
their veftiges remain, and form a fiiort flump above 
ground, in the fame manner as our common male fern 
does; from between the leaves comes out the fpadix or 
club, which futtains the flowers; this is covered with a 
thin fpathe or hood, which falls off when the bunches 
open and divide. It grows naturally in Italy, Sicily'-, and 
Spain, particularly in Andaluiia, where, in the lhndy 
land, the roots fpread and propagate lo fait, as to cover 
the ground-in the lame manner as fern in England. The 
leaves of thele plants are tied together to make befoms 
for fweeping. Miller has a variety called Chamserops, 
glabra, native of the Weft-Indies; where it never tiles 
with a Item ; the ftipes are rounder than thole of the 
European fan-paim, and have no fpines on their fides. 
When the plants ar§ old, the leaves are three or four feet 
long, and upwards of two broad, and of a darker green ; 
the folds alfo are broader: fome of them have put out 
flender bunches of male flowers in England. He calls it 
in Englilh palmetto royal. There is a dwarf palm from 
Carolina very like this, if not the fame. They are alio 
ufed for making balkets, and in thatching. The pith 
next the root is tender and fweetifli, and is fometimes 
eaten in deferts. 
2. Chamserops excelfa : fronds palmated, nervous, fer¬ 
rate; ftipes unarmed. A lofty tree. Leaves fmooth, 
green above, pale underneath. There is a variety of 
this, which is a much lower tree.' Native of Japan. 
3. Chamserops Cochinchinenfis : fronds palmate plaited, 
itipes thorny, Ipathes partial, corollas monopetalous. 
Trunk eight feet high, an inch in diameter, ftraiglit, 
equsll. Native of the woods of Cochin-China. The 
fronds are fit for covering houfes, and making of um¬ 
brellas. 
Propagation and Culture. The dwarf fan-palm is 
commonly propagated here by heads, which fometimes 
ieparste from the main root; if thefe-are carefully taken- 
off with, fibres and planted, they will grow ; but- the 
C H A 
plants fo railed are not fo good as thofe which are pro* 
duced from feeds ; fo that, if good feeds can be procur-. 
ed, that is by much the better way to propagate it. The 
feeds Ihould be Iqjvn. in fmall pots filled with light fandy 
earth, and plunged-ijito a moderate hot-bed of tanners 
bark ; thefe mult be jefreffied now and then with water. 
If the feeds are frefii, the plants wifi come up in two 
months ; thefe rile with a Angle long-pointed leaf. When 
they appear, they muft be now and then refreflied with 
water, but they muft not have it in too great plenty. If 
the plants are not too clofe to each other in the pots, they 
will not require to be tranlplanted the firft year; there¬ 
fore they Ihould remain in the tan-bed all the l'ummer*. 
but in warm weather they muft have plenty of air ad¬ 
mitted to them. In autumn the pots Ihould be removed 
into the Hove, and, if they are plunged into the bark- 
bed the firft winter, it wifi greatly forward the growth of 
the plants. The following fpring the plants Ihould be 
carefully turned out of the pots, fo as to preferve their 
roots entire ; for ail the forts of palms have tender roots, 
and, if thele be cut.off or broken, the plants are frequent¬ 
ly killed : then they Ihould be each planted into a feparate 
fmall pot filled with light, fandy, vmdunged, earth, and 
plunged into a frelh hot-bed to encourage their taking 
root; the following furamer they Ihould be gradually 
hardened, by railing the glaffes pretty high, fo as to ad¬ 
mit a large lhare of air to them, but they Ihould not yet 
be wholly expofed to the open air. The autumn fol¬ 
lowing, the plants may be placed in a dry ftove ; but, as 
they advance and get llrength, they may be treated more 
hardily, and in fummer placed in the open air in a warm 
fixation, and in winter may be preferved in a warm 
green-houfe without artificial heat. As the plants ad¬ 
vance in growth, they Ihould be put into larger pots ; 
but, when this is done, there muft be great care taken 
th.at their roots are not cut or broken, nor Ihould they 
have pots too large. In winter they muft have but little 
water, and, if they are expofed to the open air in fummer, 
they will not require much, unlefs the feafon proves very 
warm and dry, hi which cafe they may be fparingiy wa¬ 
tered two or three times a-w-eek. 
CII AMZERU'BUS, f. in botany. See Rwbus, 
CHAMHiSY'Cii, f in botany. See Euphorbia. 
CHAMAILLE'RE, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Puy de Dome, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftrict of Clermont Ferrand : one mile feuth-weft 
of Clermont. 
CHAMAN 1 M', oi-Chamerim, f in the Jewilh anti¬ 
quities, the Hebrew name for that which the Greeks 
call Pjreia, or Pyrateria ; and which, according to rabbi 
Solomon, were idols expofed to the fun upon the tops of 
houfes. Abenezoa lays, they were portable chapels or 
temples made in the form of chariots, in honour of the 
fun. What the Greeks call Pyreia, were temples confed¬ 
erated to the fun and fire, wherein a perpetual fire was 
kept up. They were built upon eminences ; and were 
large inclofures without a roof or covering, where the 
fun was worlhipped. Chamerim occurs in leveral places 
of the Hebrew bible, and is generally tranflated the priejls 
of the idols. St. Jerom, in the fecond hook of Kings, 
renders it arufpices. In Hofea and Zephania, he tranflates 
it eeditui, or church-wardens. But according to' Mr. 
Bryant, Chamirbn were priefts of Ham, the fun-, Chamma 
was the title of the hereditary prieftefs of Diana ; and the 
Puratheia, where the rites of fire and idolatrous worfhip 
were carried on, were called Chamina, and Chaminim, 
whence Caminus of the Latins. 
CHAMARAN'DE, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Seine and Oile, and chief place-of a canton, 
in the diftridl of Eftampes : five miles north-north-ealt of 
Eftampes. 
CHA'MA-TA'O, a fmall ifland,nearthecoaftof China, 
in the Eaftern Sea. Lat. 37. 5.8: N. Ion. 138. 36. E. Ferro. 
CHAMA'ZE, a town of France, in the department of 
the 
