So C H A 
Oxford. He was appointed to be tutor to Henry duke 
of Grafton, one of the natural fons of Charles II. and 
nvas afterwards pitched upon to inltruft prince George of 
Denmark in the Englith tongue. He died at Chelfea in 
1703, and was author of the following works : 1. A brief 
Relation of the five years civil wars of Henry III, king 
of England, 16+7. 2. England’sWants; offered to the con- 
ikleration of both houfes of parliament, 1667. 3. The 
Converted Prefbyterian : or the church of England jufti- 
fied, 1668. 4. Angliae Notitia : or the Prelent State of 
England, 1668, The fecond part was publilhed 1671, 
&t.‘ This work has gone through many editions : that 
of 1741 is the 34th. 5. An Academy or College for 
Young Ladies, 1671. He alfo tranflated many books 
out of Italian, Spanillx, and Portuguefe, into Englilh. 
CH AM'BERL AYNE (John), Ion to the above-men¬ 
tioned author of The Preient State of England, and con- 
tin u'ator of that ufeful work, was admitted into Trinity 
college, Oxford, in 1683. He tranflated, x. From French 
and Spanilh, The Manner of Making Tea, Cotfee, and 
Chocolate, 1685, 8vo. 2. From Italian, A Treafure of 
Health, 1686, 8vo. 3. The Arguments of the Books 
and Chapters of the Old and New Teflament, written 
originally in French by the reverend Fir. Oltervald, 3 
vois. 8vo. 1716. 4. The Lives of the French Pliilofb- 
phe^s, republilhed fince in 1711, under the title of Me¬ 
moirs of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, 8vo. 
5. The Religious Philofopher, in 3 vols. 8vo. 17183 re¬ 
printed feveral times fince in 8vo. and once in 4to. 6. 
The Hiftory ofthe Reformation in the Low Countries, from 
the Dutch of Gerrard Brandt, 4 vols. fol. 1721. 7. The 
Lord’s Prayer in a hundred different languages, Svo.- 8. 
Diflertations Hiftorical, Critical, Theological, and Moral, 
on the moft Memorable Events of the Old and New Tefta- 
rnents, 172 3, folio. Fie was F.R.S. and communicated three 
pieces, inferted in the Philofophical Tranfaftions ; one, 
concerning the Effects of Thunder and Lightning at 
Sampford Courtney in Devonfhire, Oftober 7, 1711. 2. 
An Account of the Sunk Iflands in the Humber, reco¬ 
vered from the Sea. 3. Remarks on the Plague at Copen¬ 
hagen in 1711. It was laid of him, that he underltood 
fixteen languages. He died in the year 1724. 
CHAIVFBERMAID, /. A maid wliofe bufmefs is to 
drefs a lady, and wait in her chamber. 
CHAM'BERS (Ephraim), authorof the well-known dic¬ 
tionary of Arts and Science called the Cyclopaedia. He was 
born at Milton in Weftmoreland, where he received the 
common education for qualifying a youth for trade and 
commerce. When of a proper age, he was put apprentice 
to Mr. Senex the globe-maker, a bufinefs which is con¬ 
nected with literature, efpecially with geography and 
aftronomy. It was during Mr. Chambers’s refidence with 
this fkilful artift, that he acquired that tafte for literature 
which accompanied him through life, and diredted all 
his purfuits. It was even at this time that he formed the 
delign of his grand work, the Cyclopaedia ; fome of the 
firft articles of which were written behind the counter. 
To have leifure to purfue this work, he quitted Mr. Se¬ 
nex, and took chambers in Gray’s-Inn, where he chiefly 
reficled during the reft of his life. The firft edition of 
the Cyclopaedia, which was the refult of many years in- 
tenle application, appeared in 1728, in 2 vols. folio. The 
reputation that Mr. Chambers acquired by the execution 
of this work, procured him the honour of being eledted 
F. R. S. Nov. 6, 1729. In lefs than ten years time, a fe¬ 
cond edition became neceflary ; which accordingly was 
printed, with corredtions and additions, in 1738; and 
this was followed by a third edition the very next year. 
Although the Cyclopiedia was the chief bufmels of 
Mr. Chambers’s life, and may be regarded as almoft the 
lole foundation <.f his fame, his attention was not wholly 
confined to this undertaking. He was concerned in a 
.periodical publication, called, The Literary Magazine, 
which was begun in 1735. In this work he wrote a va- 
C H A 
riety of articles; particularly a review of Morgan's Moral 
Philofopher. He was alfo concerned with Mr. John 
Martyn, profeflor of botany at Cambridge, in preparing 
for the prefs a tranflation and abridgement of the Philo- 
fophical Hiftory and Memoirs of the R. Acad, of Sciences 
at Paris; which work was not publilhed till 1742, fome 
time after our author’s 'deceafe, in 5 volumes 8vo. Mr, 
Chambers was alfo author of the tranflation of the Jefuit’s 
Perlpedtive, from the French, in 4to; which has gone, 
through feveral editions. Mr. Chambers’s clofe and un¬ 
remitting attention to his lludies at length impaired his 
health, and obliged him occaflonally to take a country 
lodging, but without much benefit ; he afterwards vifit- 
ed the fouth of France, but ftill with little effedt ; he 
therefore returned to England, where he foon after died, 
at Iflington, May 15, 1740, and was buried at Weftmin- 
fter Abbey. After the author’s death, two more 
editions of his Cyclopaedia were publilhed. The propri¬ 
etors afterwards procured a fupplement to be compiled, 
by Mr. Scott and Dr. Hill, but chiefly by the latter, which 
extended to two volumes more; and the whole has fince 
been reduced into one alphabet in four volumes, by Dr, 
Rees, forming a very valuable body of the fciences. 
CHAM'BERS (Sir William), the celebrated architedl, 
was defcended ofthe ancient family of Chalmers in Scot¬ 
land, barons of Tartas, in France. Elis grandfather luf- 
fered confiderably in his fortune by fupplying Charles 
XII. of Sweden with money, &c. which that monarch 
repaid in bafe coin. Sir William’s father refided feveral 
years in Sweden to recover his claims; and there Sir Wil¬ 
liam was born, and, at eighteen years of age, was ap¬ 
pointed l’upercargo to the Swedilh Eaft-India company. 
From a voyage which he made to China, he brought home 
the Afiatic ftyle of ornament, in tents, temples, tnofques, 
and pagodas. Thefe ornaments, through the interell of 
lord Bute, he was enabled to apply in the gardens at Kew. 
Patronifed by the princefs dowager and the king, Mr. 
Chambers had much of the fafliionable buildings of his 
day. Under Burke's reform, he was appointed lurveyor 
general of the board of works. Somerl'et-houfe was 
worth to him at leaft 2000I. a-year. His chef d’oeuvres 
are his Itaircal'es, particularly thofe at lord Belborough’s, 
lord Gower’s, and the Royal and Antiquarian Societies. 
The terrace behind Somerfet-houfe is a bold effortof con¬ 
ception. His defigns for interior arrangements were ex¬ 
cellent. His Treatife on Civil Architecture alone will 
immortalize his name. In private life, Sir William was 
hofpitable, kind, and amiable. His fon married Mifs 
Rodney; Mr. Cotton, Mr. Innis, and Mr. Harward, 
married his beautiful daughters. Having been abftemious 
in his youth, Sir William’s conftitution did not begin to 
break till he was feventy years of age. For the laft three 
years, he was kept alive by wine and oxygenated air; and 
died on the 5th of March 1796. His celebrity will be 
lading in the works which he has left; and, as he was 
equally (killed in the theory and pradtice of the arts which 
he profefled, his precepts are as valuable as his works. 
At his death, he was fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian 
Societies, treafurer of the Royal Academy, furveyor-ge- 
neral of the board of works, and knight of the Swedifh 
order of the Polar Star. As to the attack on his profef- 
fional character by Mr. Revely, fee under Architec¬ 
ture, vol. ii. p. 97. 
CHAM'BERSBURGH, a poft-town of the American 
States, in Pennfylvania, and the chief of Franklin county. 
It is fituated on the eartern branch of Conogocheague 
creek, on Potowmac river, in a rich and highly cultivated 
country. Here are about 200 houfes, a (tone goal, a 
hand fome court lioufe built of brick, a paper and corn 
mill. It is fifty-eight miles eaft by fouth of Bedford, 
eleven north-welt of Shippenlburg, and 157 welt of Phi¬ 
ladelphia. Lat. 39.53.N. Ion. 77. 30. W. 
CHAMBLE'E FORT, - ftrong and well built, on the 
margin of the river of the fame name, about fifteen 
miles 
