C H A 
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miles fouth-weft from Montreal, and north of St. John’s 
fort. It was taken by the Americans, October ao, 1775; 
and retaken by the Britifh, January 18, 1776. 
CHAMBLE'E, or Sorrell River, a water of the 
St. Laurence, iffuing from lake Champlain, 300 yards 
wide when lowed:. It is fhoal in dry feafons; but of 
fufficient depth for rafting lumber, &c. fpring and fall. 
It was called both Sorrel and Richlieu, when the French 
held Canada. 
To CHAM'BLET, <v. a. [fromC amelot.] To vary; 
to variegate.—Some have the veins more varied and cham - 
bleted-., as oak, whereof wainfcot is made. Bacon, 
CHAM'BLIS, or Chambly, a town of France, in 
the department of the Oife, and chief place of a canton, 
in the diftriCt of Senlis: thirteen miles weft-louth-weft 
of Senlis. 
CHAMBOIS', a town of France, in the department of 
the Orne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriCt of 
Argentan : two leagues north-eall of Argentan. 
CHAMBON / (Le), a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Rhone and Loire, in the diftridt of St. Eti¬ 
enne: one league fouth-weft of St. Etienne. 
CHAMBON', a town of France, in the department of’ 
theCreufe, and feat of a tribunal, in the diftriclof Evaux: 
one league weft of Evaux, and eight eaft of Gueret. 
CHAMBONLI'VE, a town of France, in the depart¬ 
ment of the Coireze, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftriCf of Uzerche: five miles eaft of Uzerche. 
CHAMBO'SE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Rhone and Loire, feven miles weft of Villefranche 
en Beaujolois. 
CHAMBRAIS', a town of France, in the department 
of the Eure: five miles weft of Bernay. 
CHAMBRAN'LE,/ in architecture, theborder, frame, 
or ornament of ftone or wood, furrounding the three fides 
of doors, windows, and chimneys. This is different in 
the different orders: when it is plain and without mould¬ 
ings, it is called fimply and properly, band, cafe, or 
frame. In an ordinary door, it is moftly called door-cafe; 
in a window, the window-frame. The chambranle con- 
fifts of three parts ; the two fides, called afcendents; and 
the top,, called the traverfe or fupercilium. 
CHAM'BRE (La), a town of Savoy, onthelfere: the 
inhabitants are remarkably fubjeCt to the goitre, or fwel- 
ling of the neck : whence they are called craws. Twen¬ 
ty-three miles north-eaftof Chambery. 
CHAM'BRE (Martin Cureau dela), pliyfician inordi¬ 
nary to the French king, was cliftinguilhed by his know¬ 
ledge in medicine, pbilofophy, and polite learning. He 
was born at Mons, and was received into the French aca¬ 
demy in 1635, and afterwards into the academy of fci- 
ences. He wrote a great number of works; the princi¬ 
pal of which are, 1. The Characters of the Paflions. 2. 
The Art of knowing Men. 3. On the Knowledge of 
brute Animals, See. He died at Paris in 1669. 
CHAM'BREL of a Horse. The joint or bending 
of the upper part of the hinder leg. 
CHAM'BRON, a town of the Netherlands, in the 
county of Hainaut, ontbeDender: eight miles fouth-eaft 
of Ath. 
CHAM'CHOU-POU, a town of Chinefe Tartary: 
eight miles north-north-eaft ofNing-yuen. 
CHAMCHOZ', a town of Armenia: 14.5 miles eaft 
of Erivan. 
CHAMEJASME, f. in botany. See Houstonia. 
CHAMEIRAT', a town of France, in the department 
of the Correze, and chief place of a canton, in the dil- 
triCl of Tulle: three miles fouth-weft of Tulle. 
CHAMELZE'A, f. in botany. See Daphne, Paul- 
3.INIA, and Tragia. 
CHAMELET', a town of France, in the department 
of the Rhone and Loire, and chief place of a canton, in 
the diftriCt of Villefranche: three leagues weft of Vilie- 
’franche. 
CHAMELION,/. A fpeciesof lizard. SccLacerta. 
Vol. IV. No. 179. 
To CHAM'FER, v.a. [chanfrer , Fr.J To channel; 
to make furrows or gutters upon a column, called fluting. 
CHAM'FER or Chamfret,/. A fmall furrow or 
gutter on a column ; hence called a fluted column. Cham¬ 
fering is alfo a term for cutting the edge or the end of any 
thing bevel or aflope. 
CHAM'FORT (Nicolas), one of the forty members of 
the French academy, but who, by levelling all family 
diftinCtions, feems to have been born a republican. He 
was the fruit of illicit love, and, as it fhould feem, of pro- 
milcuous amours; for he never knew his father; a cir- 
cumftance which in no degree diminilhed his affeCtion 
for his mother, to fupply whofe wants he often denied 
himfelf the neceflaries of life. He was taken at a very 
early age into the College des Graffms, at Paris, in qua¬ 
lity of burfar, and was known there by his chriftian 
name of Nicolas. Nothing, during the two firft years, 
announced extraordinary talents; but in the third, out 
of five prizes that were diftributed annually, he bore a- 
way four, failing in Latin verfes alone. The next year 
his fuccefs was complete; and he made a remark upon 
the occafion, which difeovered good tafte, a fuperior 
mind, and the opinion he entertained of the judges: “I 
loft the prize laft year,” faid he, “ becaufe I imitated 
Virgil; this year I obtained it, becaule I took Buchanan, 
Sarbievius, and other moderns, for my guides.” In Greek 
he made a rapid progrefs; but his petulance, his wit, 
and his waggifti tricks, threw the clals into fo much dif- 
order, that he was expelled from it by M. Lebeau, the 
profeffor of that; language; and not long after left the 
college altogether. Thrown upon the wide world, with¬ 
out friends, or any means of fupport, he was foon re¬ 
duced to the loweil. ftate of poverty. He bore his mis¬ 
fortunes, however, with philofophic patience, and cheer¬ 
ed himfelf with the molt flattering hopes : “ I am a poor 
devil now,” faid he to Selis, another man of letters; 
“ but do you know what will happen ? I (hall obtain a 
prize from the academy, my play will fucceed, I lhall 
be courted by the world, and well received by the great, 
whom I defpile : they will make my fortune forme, and 
I lhall afterwards live like a philofopher.” The firft part 
of his prediction was loon verified. He obtained a prize, 
and lent a copy of his production to the very M. Lebeau 
who had expelled him from the Greek clafs, accompa¬ 
nied by the following note : “ Chamfort fends the work 
that has obtained the luffrages of the academy to his old 
and relpeCtable mafter; and, at the end of nine years, 
begs his pardon for Nicolas.” M. Lebeau made anfwer, 
“ I always loved Nicolas; I admire Chamfort.” A few 
days after they met, and the mafter and the pupil em¬ 
braced each other with tears. Norwas he deceived by his 
prefentiment of his future fortune. By the cares and in- 
tereft of his friends, it gradually fwel’led to eight or nine 
thouland livres a-year; but the greateft part ol it con- 
filted of penlions, and the whirlwind of the revolution 
fwept them away. In this reverie of fortune Mirabeau 
was his friend, and often borrowed his pen. Chamfort 
was, indeed, his counfel upon many occafions; and, 
when Mirabeau went to pals an hour with him, as was 
his cuftom in the morning, he ufed to call it going to 
rub the moft eleCtrical head he had ever met with. The 
light emitted by this eleCtrical head could not foil to 
Ihine in oppofition to the Waiting rays of the mock fun 
of liberty; of the felon Robefpierre; to whom talents 
and virtue were alike obnoxious. It was difficult, how¬ 
ever, to lay hold on Chamfort. Frank, upright, decided, 
and independent of all parties, he had fleered a fteady 
courfe through the revolutionary ftorm ; openly profeff- 
ing an equal hatred of priefts.and nobles, and of Marat 
and the reft of the men of blood. At the fame time that 
he was author of the faying, Guerre aux chateaux, paix 
aux chaumieres , “ War to the palace, peace to the cot¬ 
tage,” he explained, by the appellation of the fraternity 
of Cain and Abel, the compulfive fyitem of fraterniza¬ 
tion, deviled by the jacobin club. At length, however, 
Y an 
