84 C H A 
to land, unlefs the vendor hath received the profits there¬ 
of for one whole year before l'uch grant; or hath been 
in aftual poffelfion of the land, or of the reversion or re¬ 
mainder, on pain that both purchafer and vendor fiiall 
each forfeit the value of fuch land to the king and the 
profecutor. See Maintenance. 
CH AM'PERTORS, f. by ftatute, are thofe who move 
pleas or fuits, or caufe them to be moved, either by their 
own procurement, or by others, and fue them at their 
proper cofts, to have part of the land in variance, or part 
of the gain. 
CHAMPIGNEL'LE, a town of France in the depart¬ 
ment of the Yonne, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diftrift of St. Fargeau : nine miles north of St. Fargeau. 
CHAMPI'GNON, /. [ champignon , Fr.] A kind of 
mulhroom. See Agaricus. 
He viler friends with doubtful mufhrooms treats, 
Secure for you, himfelf champignons eats. Dry den, 
CHAMPIGNY'sur VEUDE, a town of France in the 
department of the Indre and Loire : two leagues and a 
half louth of Chi non. 
CHAMTION, f. \_champion , Fr. campio, low Lat.] A 
man who undertakes a caufe in fingle combat.—In many 
armies, the matter fliould be tried by duel between two 
champions. Bacon. 
For hot, cold, moift, and dry, four champions fierce. 
Strive here for maft’ry, and to battle bring 
Their embryon atoms. Milton. 
A hero; a ftout warrior; one bold in conteft.—This 
makes you incapable of conviftion ; and they applaud 
themfelves as zealous champions for truth, when indeed 
they are contending for error. Locke. —It appears that 
champions, in the ancient fenfe of the word, were per- 
fons who fought in ftead of thofe that, by cuftom, were 
obliged to accept the duel, but had a juft excufe for dif- 
penfing with it, as too old, infirm, being ecclefiaftics, See. 
CHAMTION, in law, is taken not only for him that 
fights a combat in his own caufe, but alio for him that 
doth it in the place or quarrel of another. Brail. cap. 
21. And in Sir Edward Bilhe’s notes on Upton, fol. 36, 
it appears that Henry de Ferneberg, for thirty marks 
fee, did by charter covenant to be champion to Roger 
abbot of Glaftenbury. An. Hen. 3. Thefe champions, 
fo mentioned in our law books and hiftories, were ufu- 
ally hired ; and any one might hire them, except parri¬ 
cides, and thofe who were accufed of the higheft of¬ 
fences : before they came into the field, they fhaved their 
heads, and made oath that they believed the perfons 
who hired them were in the right, and that they would 
defend their caufe to the utmoft of their power ; which 
was always done on foot, and with no other weapon than 
a ftick or club, and a fhield : and before they engaged, 
they always made an offering to the church, that God 
might affiit them in the battle. When the battle was 
over, the punifhment of a champion overcome, and like- 
wife of the perlon for whom he fought, was various : if 
it was the champion of a woman for a capital offence, 
file was burnt, and the champion hanged : if it was of a 
man, and not for a capital crime, he not only made fa- 
tisfadlion, but had his right hand cut off; and the man 
was to be dole confined in prifon till the battle was over. 
Brail, lib. a. c. 35. Viftory in the trial by battle is ob¬ 
tained, if either champion proves recreant; that is, yields 
and pronounces the horrible word of craven ; a word of 
difgrace and obloquy, rather than of any determinate 
meaning. But a horrible word it indeed is to the van- 
quilhed champion : fince as a punifhment to him for for¬ 
feiting the land of his principal, by pronouncing that 
fhameful word, he is condemned as a recreant to become 
infamous, and not to be accounted liber & legalis homo ; 
being luppoled by the event to be proved forfworn, and 
therefore never to be put upon a jury, or admitted as a 
witnefs in any caufe. 3 Comm. 340. 
C H A 
CHAMTION OF THEKING, an ancient officer,whofe 
office it is at the coronation of our kings, when the king 
is at dinner, to ride armed cap-a-pie into Weftmi nfter- 
hall, and by the proclamation of a herald make a chal¬ 
lenge, That, if any man lhall deny the king’s title to the 
crown, he is there ready to defend it in fingle combat, 
&c. which being done, the king drinks to him, and fends 
him'a gilt cup with a cover full of wine, which the cham¬ 
pion drinks, and hath the cup for his fee. This office, 
ever fince the coronation of Richard II, when Baldwin 
Freville exhibited his petition for it, was adjudged from 
him to Sir John Dymocke his competitor, (both claim¬ 
ing from Marmion,) and hath continued ever fince in 
the family of the Dymockes; who hold the manor of 
Scrivelfby in Lincolnfhire, hereditary from the Mar- 
mions, by grand ferjeanty, viz. That the lord thereof 
fhall be the king’s champion, as abovefaid. Accordingly 
Sir Edward Dymocke performed this office at the coro¬ 
nation of Charles II. And a perfon of the name of Dy¬ 
mocke performed it at the coronation of - his prefent ma- 
jefty George the Third. 
To CHAMTION, <v. a . [from the noun.] To chal¬ 
lenge to the combat : 
The feed of Banquo kings ! 
Rather than fo, come. Fate, into the lift, 
And champion me to th’ utterance. Shakefpeare . 
CHAMTION (Jofeph), famous in the art of pen- 
manfhip, was born at Chatham in 1709, and received his 
education under Snell, who kept Sir John Johnfon’s 
free vvriting-fehool, in Forfter-lane, Cheapfide. He after¬ 
wards kept the new academy in Bedford-ftreet, where 
he had many pupils, whom he inftru&ed with great fuc- 
cels; and he has never been excelled in his art. His 
firft performance was his Pradtical Arithmetic, Svo, 
1733. In 1747 he publifhed his Tutor’s Afliftant in 
Arithmetic, in forty plates, 4to. But his molt elaborate 
and curious performance, is his Comparative Penman- 
fliip, twenty-four folio plates, 1750. It is engraved by 
Thorowgood, and is an honour to Britifh penmanfhip. 
His New and complete Alphabets, with the Hebrew, 
Greek, and German, Charadters, in twenty-one plates fo¬ 
lio, engraved by Bickham, came out in 1754; and in 
1758 he began to publilh his Living Hands, or the dif¬ 
ferent hands in common ufe, upwards of forty plates, 
4to. He contributed forty-feven folio pieces for George 
Bickham’s Univerfal Penman, wherein he difplays a de¬ 
lightful variety of writing, both for ufe and ornament. 
His other pieces are, Engroffing Hands for young Clerks, 
1757. The Young Penman’s Practice, 1760. The Pen¬ 
man’s Employment, folio, 1759 and 1762. In 1754 he 
addreffed and prefented to the royal fociety a large body 
of penmanfhip, in folio, which remains in MS. 
CHAMP'L, a river of Germany, in the circle of Ba¬ 
varia, which runs into the Regen, at Cham. 
CHAMPLAIN' (Samuel de), a celebrated French na¬ 
vigator, the original founder of the colony of New France 
or Canada. He built Quebec ; was the firft governor of 
the colony in 1603, and was accidentally drowned in 
1649. 
CHAMPLAIN', a lake of North America, next in fize 
to lake Qntario, and fituate eaft-north-eaft from it, form¬ 
ing a part of.the dividing line between the ftates of New- 
York and Vermont. It took its name from the French 
governor above-mentioned, who was drowned in it. It 
was before called Corlaer’s Lake. . In length from Fair- 
haven to St. John’s it is about 200 miles; its breadth is 
from one to eighteen miles, being very different in dif¬ 
ferent places; the mean width is about five miles; and 
it occupies about 500,000 acres. Its depth is fufficient 
for the largeft veffels. There are in it ab.ove fixty iftands 
of different fizes ; the moft confiderable are North and 
South Hero, and Motte Ifland. North Hero, or Grand 
Ifte, is twenty-four miles long, and from two to four 
wide. It receives at Ticonderoga the waters of Lake 
George 
