96 C H A 
perfon to enter for non-performance of the conditions on 
which they were founded. Of thefe chantries, mention is 
made of forty-feven belonging to St. Paul’s church in 
London, by Dugdale in his hiltory of that church. Hence 
chantry-rents are rents, paid to the crown by the tenants 
or purchafers of chantry lands. 
CHA 7 0 -HING, a city of China, of the firftjrank, in the 
province of Tche-kiang: 673 miles fouth-fouth-eaft of 
Peking. Lat. 30. 10. N. Ion. 138. E. Ferro. 
CHA'O-IM, a town of Chinefe Tartary : eight miles 
fouth of Geho. 
CHA 7 0 -KE 7 0 UXNG, a town of China, in the province 
of Chang-tong: fifty-five miles fouth-eall of Tci-ngin. 
CHA'O-MA-ING, a town of Alia, in Thibet: ten 
miles north of Chao-ma-ing-Hotun. 
CHA'O-MA-ING-HO'TUN, a town of Thibet: 285 
miles eaft of Kami. 
CHA 7 0 - 0 U-F 0 U, a town of China, of the firft rank, 
in the province of Fo-kien: 775 miles fouth of Peking. 
Lat. 22. N. Ion. 135. 5. E. Ferro. 
CHA'O-PA'I, a town of Chinefe Tartary. Lat. 42. 
13. N. Ion. 142. z8. E. Ferro. 
CHA’O-PING, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
the province of Quang-fi: five leagues fouth-eall of Yong- 
ngan. 
CHAO'NIA, a mountainous part of Epirus, which re¬ 
ceives its name from Chaon, a fon ot Priam, inadvertent¬ 
ly killed by his brother Helenus. There was a wood 
near, where doves were faid to deliver oracles- The 
words Chaonius aiiclus are, by ancient authors, applied to 
acorns, the food of the firll inhabitants. Lucan. 
CHACFRA, one of the fmaller Cape Verd ifiands. 
CHA'OS, f [chaos, Lat. Gr. confufed.] The 
mafs of matter, out of which this world was formed, fup- 
pofed to be in confufion before it was divided by the cre¬ 
ation into its proper dalles and elements.—The whole 
univerfe would have been a confufed chaos , without beau¬ 
ty or order. Be?itley. —Confufion ; irregular mixture: 
Their reafon fleeps, but mimic fancy wakes. 
Supplies her parts, and wild ideas takes 
From words and things, ill forted and misjoin’d; 
The anarchy of thought, and chaos of the mind. Dryd. 
Any thing where the parts are undiliinguilhed.—We fhall 
have nothing but darknefs and a chaos within, whatever 
order and light there be in things without us. Locke. 
Pleas’d with a work, where nothing’s juft or fit. 
One glaring chaos and wild heap ot wit. ' Pope. 
Chaos is reprefented by the ancients as the firft princi¬ 
ple, ovum, or feed, of nature and the world. All the fo- 
phifts, luges, naturalifts, philofophers, and poets, held 
that chaos was the eldeft and firft principle, to ap^aiw %a.o;. 
The Barbarians, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Perfians, See. 
all refer the origin of the world to a rude, mixed, con¬ 
fufed, mafs of matter. The Greeks, Orpheus, Hefiod, 
Menander, Ariftophanes, Euripides, and the writers of 
the Cyclic Poems, all fpeak of the original chaos; the 
Ionic and Platonic philofophers build the world out of 
it. The Stoics hold, that, as the world was firft formed 
of a chaos, it lhall again return to a chaos; and that its 
periods and revolutions in the mean time are only tran- 
fitions from one chaos to another. Ennius, Varro, Ovid, 
Lucretius, Statius, &c. all write to the fame efteft. Nor is 
there any feft or nation whatever that does not derive 
their Siaxo^ncric, ftructure of the world, from a chaos. It 
does not appear who firft introduced the notion of a 
chaos. Mofes, the eldeft of all writers, derives the origin 
of this world from a confufion of matter, dark, void, 
deep, without form, which is precifely the chaos of the 
Greek and Barbarian philofophers. Moles goes no far¬ 
ther back than the chaos, nor tells us whence it took its 
origin, or whence its confufed Hate; and where Mofes 
Hops, there precifely do all the reft Hop. Dr. Burnet en¬ 
deavours to lliew, that as the ancient philofophers, who 
C H A 
wrote of the cofmogony, acknowledged a chaos for the 
principle of their world ; fo the divines, or writers of the 
theogony, derive the origin or generation of their fabled 
gods from the fame principle. Mr. Whifton fuppofes 
the ancient chaos, the origin of our earth, to have been 
the atmolphere of a comet. He endeavours to make it 
out by many arguments, drawn from the agreement which 
appears to be between them. So. that, according to him, 
every planet is.a comet, formed into a regular and laft- 
ing conftitution, and placed at a proper dittance from 
the fun, revolving in a nearly circular orbit: and a co¬ 
met is a planet either beginning to be deftroyed or re¬ 
made ; that is, a chaos or planet unformed or in its pri¬ 
maeval Hate, and placed as yet in an orbit very eccentric. 
But on this fee Astronomy and Earth. 
CK AO'TIC, adj. Refembling chaos; confufed_When 
the terraqueous globe was in a chaotic ftate, and the earthy 
particles fubfided, then thofe leveral beds were, in all 
probability, repofited in the earth. Derhaml 
CHAOUR/CE, a town of France, in the department 
of the Aude, and chief place of a canton, jn the diftrift 
of Ervy : five leagues fouth of Troyes. 
To CHAP, <v.a. [kappen , Dutch, to cut. This word 
feems originally the fame with chop ; nor were they pro¬ 
bably diftinguithed at firft, otherwife than by accident; 
but they have now a meaning fomething different, though 
referable to the fame original fenfe.] To break into hia¬ 
tus, or gapings.—It weakened more and more the arch of 
the earth, drying it immoderately, and chapping it in lun- 
dry places. Burnet. 
Then would unbalanc’d heat licentious reign, 
Crack the dry hill, and chap the ruffet plain. Blackmore, 
CHAP,/ A cleft; an aperture; an opening; a gaping; 
a chink.—What moifture the heat Of the fummer fucks 
out of the earth, it is repaid in the rains of the next 
winter; and what chaps are made in it, are filled up a- 
gain. Burnet. 
CHAP, f. [This is not often ufed, except by anato- 
mifts, in the fingular.] The upper or under part of a 
bead’s mouth.—The nether chap in the male fkeleton is 
half an inch broader than in the female. Grew. 
Frotli fills his chaps, he fends a grunting found, 
And part he churns, and part befoams the ground. Dryd. 
CIIAPATA, a lake of North America, in Mexico, 
and the province of Guadalaxara: eighteen leagues in 
length, and five in breadth, fifteen miles fouth of Gua¬ 
dalaxara. 
CHAPARA'NGjOi-Disaprong, a town of Afia, in the 
country of Thibet, fituated near the head of the Ganges : 
140 miles north-north-eaft of Sirinagur. Lat. 33. 10. N. 
Ion. 79. 22. E. Greenwich. 
CHAPARRAL 7 , a town of Spain, in the province of 
Grenada : five leagues from Antequera. 
CHAPE, f. [chappc, Fr.] The catch of any thing by 
which it is held in its place ; as the hook of a fcabbard 
by which it fticks in the belt; the point by which a 
buckle is held to the back ftrap.—This is monfieur Pa- 
rolles, that had the whole theory of the war in the knot 
of his fcarf, and the pra&ice in the chape of his dagger. 
Shakefbeare .—A brafs or filver tip or cafe, that ftrength- 
ens the end of the fcabbard of a lword. Phillips. 
CHAPEAU 7 , f. in heraldry, an ancient cape of dignity 
worn by dukes, being fcarlet-coloured velvet on the out- 
fide, and lined with fur. It is frequently borne above an 
helmet, inftead of a wreath, under the creft. 
CHA 7 PE L,f. [capella, Lat. chapelle, Fr.] Is either ad¬ 
joining to a church, for performing divine fervice, or 
feparate from the mother-church, where the parifh is 
wide, which is commonly called a chapel of eale. And 
chapels of eafe are built for the eafe of thofe parifliioners 
who dwell far from the parochial church, in prayer and 
preaching only j for the facraments, marriages, and bu¬ 
rials, ought to be performed in the parochial church. 
