100 
C H A 
after which a monument was erefted over his grave, at 
the expence and under the direction of the famous archi¬ 
tect Inigo Jones. He wrote feventeen dramatic pieces; 
and among them a matone, called the Temple. This was 
compofed at the requell of the gentlemen of the Middle 
Temple and Lincoln’s Inn,.on the marriage of the prin- 
cefs Elizabeth, only daughter of James I. and Frederic 
V. count palatine of the Rhine, afterwards king of Bo¬ 
hemia : and it was performed before the king at White¬ 
hall in February 1614, at the celebration of their nuptials. 
CHAP'MAN (John), reftor of Merlham and Alding¬ 
ton in Kent, and domeftic chaplain to archbifhop Potter. 
He was alio archdeacon of Sudbury, and treafurer of 
Civichefter. Being educated at Eton, and elefted to 
King’s in 1723, lie was a candidate for the provoftlhip 
of that college, and loll it but by a fmall majority. Among 
his piipils he had the honour to clafs the firlt lord Cam¬ 
den, Dr. Alhton, Horace Walpole, and others who after¬ 
wards attained to confiderable dillinftion in literature. 
His Remarks on Dr. Middleton’s celebrated letter to Dr. 
Waterland were publilhed in 1731, and palled through 
three editions. In his Eufebius, 2 vols. 8vo. he defended 
Chrillianity againll the objections of Morgan, and againtt 
thole of Tindal in his Primitive Antiquity explained and 
vindicated ; being remarks on a book intituled Chrilli¬ 
anity as old as the Creation. He was now honoured with 
the diploma of D.D. by the univerfity of Oxford; and 
publilhed the Hillory cf the Antient Hebrews Vindicated, 
Svo. He publilhed alfo two traCls relating to Phlegon, 
in anfwer to Dr. Sykes, who had maintained that the 
eclipfe mentioned by that Writer had no relation to the 
wonderful darknefs that happened at our Saviour’s cru¬ 
cifixion. In a Differtation written in elegant Latin, and 
addreffed to Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Tunflall, then public 
oratorof the univerfity of Cambridge, and publilhed with 
his Latin Epillle to Dr. Middleton concerning the Ge- 
nuinenefs of lome of Cicero’s Epiltles, Dr. Chapman prov¬ 
ed that Cicero publilhed two editions of his Academics; 
an original thought that had efcapedall former commen¬ 
tators, and which has been applauded by the bilhop of 
Exeter in his edition of Cicero’s Epillolse ad Familiares. 
Dr. Chapman alfo publilhed a few fermons, and died the 
14th of Oftober 1784, in the 80th year of his age. 
CHAPPE', f. in heraldry, the dividing an efcutcheon 
by lines drawn from the centre of the upper edge to the 
angles below, into three parts, the feClions on the fides 
being of different metal or colour from the red. 
CHAF'PE (Jean d’Autercche), a French allronomer, 
born at Manriac, in Auvergne, March 2, 1728. A tafte 
for drawing and mathematics appeared in him at a very 
•tender age; and he owed to Dorn Germain a knowledge 
of the firlt elements of mathematics and aftronomy. M. 
•Caffini, after alfuring himfelf of the genius of this young 
man, undertook to improve it. He employed him upon 
the map of France, and the tranflation of Halley’s tables, 
to which he made confiderable additions. The king 
charged him in 1753, with drawing the plan of the county 
of Bitche, in Lorraine, all the elements of which he de¬ 
termined geographically. He occupied himfelf greatly 
with the two comets of 1760 ; and the fruit of his labour 
was his elementary treatile on the theory of thofe comets, 
enriched with obfervations on the zodiacal light, and on 
the aurora borealis. He foon after went to Tobollk, in 
Siberia, to obferve the tranlit of Venus over the fun; a 
journey which greatly impaired his health. After two 
years abfence be returned to France, where he occupied 
himlelf for lome time in putting in order the great quan¬ 
tity of obfervations he had made. M. Chuppe alio went 
to obferve the next tranlit of Venus, viz. that of 1769, 
at California, on the well fide of North America, where 
he died of a dangerous epidemicdifeafe, the ill of Augull 
1769. He had been named adjunft allronomer to the 
academy the 17th of January 1739. The publilhed works 
of M Chappe, are, 1. The Altronomicai Tables of Dr. 
Ilalley, with Obfervations and Additions, Svo. 1754. 
C H A 
2. Voyages to California, 4to. 1772. 3. A confiderable 
number ol papers inferted in the Memoirs of the Aca¬ 
demy, for the years 1760, 1761, 1764, 1765, 1706, 1767, 
and 1768 ; chief, y on aftronomy. 
_ CHAP'PEL (William), a very learned and pious di¬ 
vine, bilhop of Cork, Cloyne, and Rofs, in Ireland, was 
born at Lexington in Nottinghamlhire, December 10, 
1512. He was lent to Chriil’s college in Cambridge ; of 
which he was elefted fellow in 1607. He became an emi¬ 
nent tutor; and was alfo remarkable for his abilities as a 
difputant. In 1624, king James vilited the univerfity of 
Cambridge, lodged in Trinity college, and was entertain¬ 
ed with a philofophical aft, and other academical per¬ 
formances. At thefe exercifes, Dr. Roberts, of Trinity, 
was refpondent at St. Mary's; where Chappel as oppo¬ 
nent pulhed him fo hard, that, finding himfelf unable to 
keep up the difpute, he fainted. Upon this the king un¬ 
dertook to maintain the queilion ; but with no better 
fuccefs than the doftor; for Chappel was fo much his 
fuperior at thefe logical weapons, that his majefty open¬ 
ly profelfed his joy to find a man of fuch talents. He was 
inltalled dean of Calhel, Augull ao, 1633. Soon after 
he was made provoll of Trinity college in Dublin, by 
Laud, then archbilhop of Canterbury, and chancellor of 
the univerfity of Dublin ; who, deiirous of giving a new 
form to the univerfity, looked upon Chappel as the fittell 
perfon to fettle the new eitablilhment. Chappel took vail 
pains to decline this charge, the burthen of which lie 
thought too heavy for his Ihoulders. Yet he eventually 
complied, and fucceeded admirably in regulating and re- 
floringfcholaltic dilcipline; but, that he might mix fotne- 
thing of the pleafantwith the profitable, and that young 
minds might not be opprefied with too much leverity, 
he inllituted among the juniors, a Roman common¬ 
wealth, which continued during the Chrillmas vacation, 
and in which they had their diftators, confuls, cenfors, 
and other officers of Hate in great fplendour. And this 
fingle circumltance may ferve to give us a true idea of 
the man, who was remarkable for uniting in his difpo- 
fition two very different qualities, fweetnefs of tem¬ 
per, and leverity of manners. In 1638, his patrons, the 
earl of Strafford and the archbilhop of Canterbury, pre¬ 
ferred him to the bilhoprics of Cork, Cloyne, and Rol'sj 
and he was confecrated at St. Patrick’s, Dublin, Novem¬ 
ber ii, though he had done all he could to avoid this 
honour. By the king’s command, he continued in his 
provoltlhip for fome time, but at lalt refigned it, July 
20, 1640 ; before which time he had endeavoured to ob¬ 
tain a fmall bifhopric in England, that he might return 
to his native country, as he tells us, and die in pence. 
But his endeavours were fruitlefs ; and he was left in Ire¬ 
land to feel all the fury of the itorm, which he had long 
forefeen. He was attacked in the'Irilh houfe of commons 
with great bitternefs by the puritan party, and obliged 
to come to Dublin from Cork, and put in fureties for 
his appearance. June 1641, articles of impeachment were 
exhibited againll him to the houfe of peers, founded on 
dd'continuing the Irilh lefture during the time of his be¬ 
ing provoll. The profecution was urged with great vio¬ 
lence, and for no other reafon but becaufe he bad enforc¬ 
ed uniformity and llrift church dilcipline in the college, 
in oppofition to thefanaticifin of thofe times. His fate was 
peculiar ; he was abufed at Cambridge for being a puri¬ 
tan, and in Ireland for being a papill. He was under a 
kind of confinement at Dublin, on account of the im¬ 
peachment ; but at length obtained leave to remove to 
Cork. He however found an opportunity to embark for 
England, December 26, 1641, and the next day landed 
at Milford Haven, after a double efcape, as himfelf phrafes 
it, from the Iriffi wolves and the L illi lea. He went from 
Milford to Pembroke, and thence to Tenby, where in¬ 
formation was made of him to the mayor, who commit¬ 
ted him to goal. After lying there feven weeks, he was 
let at liberty by fir Hugh Owen, a member of parliament, 
upon giving bond in ioool. for his appearance; and, 
March 
