C H A 
turned, it is not a proceeding at common law, but treat¬ 
ed as an original caufe in the court of equity. The evi¬ 
dence below is not taken down in writing, and the re- 
fpondent in his anfwer to the exceptions may allege what 
new matter he pleafes-; upon which they go to proot, 
and examine witnefles in writing upon all the matters in 
iil'ue: and the court may decree the refpondent to pay 
all the colts, though no fuch authority is given by the 
ilatute. An appeal lies from the chancellor’s decree to 
the houfe of peers, notwithftanding any loofe opinion to 
the contrary. 3 Cojnm. 427. Lands given to alms and 
aliened, may be recovered by the donor. 13 Ed. x. c. 41. 
Lands, See. may be given for the maintenance of lioufes 
of correction, or of the poor; flat. 35 Eliz. c. 7. 
CHA'RITABLY, adv. Kindly; liberally; with incli¬ 
nation to help the poor.—Benevolently ; without malig¬ 
nity.—Nothing will more enable us to bear our crofs pa¬ 
tiently, injuries charitably , and the labour of religion com¬ 
fortably. 'Taylor. 
*Tis belt fometimes your cenfure to rellrain, 
And charitably let the dull be vain. Pope. 
CHARITE' (La), a town of France, and principal 
place of a diftriCt, in the department of Nyevre, on the 
Loire, containing about 4000 inhabitants. Here are ma¬ 
nufactures of woollen and hardware : thirteen miles north, 
north-weftof Nevers. Lat. 47.11.N. Ion. 20. 41.E. Ferro. 
CHA'RITES, or Gratis, the Graces, daughters of 
Venus by Jupiter or Bacchus, are three in number, Ag- 
laia, Thalia, and Euphrofyne. They were the conftant 
attendants of Venus, and they were reprefented as three 
young, beautiful, and modeft, virgins, all holding one 
another by the hand. They prelided over kindnefs and 
all good offices, and their worffiip was the fame as that of 
the nine Mufes, with whom they had a temple in com¬ 
mon. They were generally reprefented naked, becaufe 
kindnefles ought to be done with fincerity and candour. 
The moderns explains the allegory of their holding their 
hands joined, by obferving, that there ought to be a per¬ 
petual and never-cealing intercourfe of kindnefs and be¬ 
nevolence among friends. Their youth denotes the con- 
itant remembrance that we ought ever to have of kind¬ 
nefles received, and their virgin purity and innocence 
teaches us, that aCfs of benevolence ought to be done 
■without any expectations of reftoration, and that we ought 
never to fuffer others or ourfelves to be guilty of bafe or 
impure favours. 
CHA'RITON, a writer of Aphrodifium, at the latter 
•end of the fourth century. He compoled a Greek ro¬ 
mance, called The Loves of Chaereas and Callirhoe, which 
has been much admired for its elegance, and the origi¬ 
nality of the characters it deferibes. There is a very 
learned edition of Chariton, by Reilke, with d’Orville’s 
notes, 2 vols. 4to. Amlt. 1750. 
CHA'RITY, f. [charile , Fr. charitas , Lat.] Tender- 
nefs; kindnefs; love : 
Founded in reafon, loyal, juft, and pure, 
Relations dear, and all the charities 
Of father, fon, and brother, firft were known. Milton. 
Godwill, benevolence ; difpofition to think well of others. 
—My errors, I hope, are only thofe of charity to mankind; 
and fuch as my own charity has caufed me to commit, 
that of others may more eafily excufe. Dryden. —The 
theological virtue of univerfal love : 
But lafting charity's more ample fway. 
Nor bound by time, nor fubjeCt to decay, 
In happy triumph lhall for ever live. Prior. 
Alms ; relief given to the poor.—The ant did well to re¬ 
prove the gralshopper for herflothfulnels ; but flie did ill 
then to refufe her a charity in her diftrefs. L'EJirange. 
“CHARITY begins at home.” This proverb was 
grounded upon the paflage of that apoftle, which fays, 
That he who provides not for 1bis own houfeholdis worfe than 
Vol. IV. No. 182, 
C H A 113 
an infidel : but, as the beft inftitutions havebeen abufed, fo 
this proverb is become an exculatory reply by the uncha¬ 
ritable, who have not the natural affeClion to relieve the 
neceffitous poor out of their abundance, thereby intimat¬ 
ing, moft unchriftianly, that felf-love is the meafure of 
our love to our neighbour. It is the fame in fenfe with 
Terence, Proximus fium egomet mihi, Lat. and the Greeks, 
eavre j uxT'.Mq Ucieis ooeva.. 
CHARITY is generally reprefented in painting and 
fculpture by a beautiful woman of a friendly afjieCt, clad 
in red, a flame proceeding from the crown of her head; 
a child fucking at her breaft, and one on each fide of her, 
embracing her with feemingly pleafed countenances. 
Beautiful, becaufe no character is more fo in either fex ; 
of a friendly afpeCt, becaufe true charity and friendlinefs 
are infeparable ; the garment of red fhews her fprightli- 
nefs, as the flame does her activity. The number of 
children are limited to three, to fignify the triple power 
of charity, for, without her, we are taught, that faith 
and hope are nothing. 
Brothers of C harjty, afocietyof religious hofpitallers,, 
founded about the year 1297, fince denominated Billetins. 
They took the third order of St. Francis, and the fca- 
pulary, making three ufual vows, but without begging. 
There is alfo an order of hofpitallers of this name, ftill 
fubfifting in Rornifh countries, whofe bufinefs is to attend 
the lick poor, and minifter to them both fpiritual and 
temporal fuccour. They are laymen, except a few priefts 
for adminiftering the facraments to the fick in their hof- 
pitals. The brothers of charity ufually cultivate botany, 
pharmacy, furgery, and chemiftry, which they praCtife 
with fuccefs. They were firlt founded at Granada, by 
St. John de Dieu ; and a fecond eftablifhment was made 
at Madrid in 1553 : the order was confirmed by Gregory 
XIII. in 1572: Gregory XIV. forbad them to take holy 
orders; but by leave of Paul V. in 1609, a few of the bro¬ 
thers were admitted to orders. In 1619, they were ex¬ 
empted from the jurildiClion of the bifliop. 
CHARITY of St. Hippolitus, a religious congre¬ 
gation founded about the end of the 14th century, by 
Bernadin Alvarez, a Mexican, in honour of St. Hippoli¬ 
tus the martyr, patron of the city of Mexico; and ap¬ 
proved by pope Gregory XIII. 
To CHARK, v. a. To burn to a black cinder, as wood 
is burned to make charcoal.—Excels either with an apo¬ 
plexy knocks a man on the head, or with a fever, like 
fire in a ftrong-waterfhop, burns him down to the ground ; 
or, if it flames not out, charks him to a coal. Grew. 
CHARKI'NA, a fortrefs of Ruffian Tartary, on the 
Don, in the government of Caucalus : 200 miles north- 
eaft of Altrachan. 
CHARKLIQUEIF, a town of Afiatic Turkey,, chiefly 
inhabited by tanners, who manufacture the beautiful 
Morocco leather: the caravans flop here two or three 
days : it is fituated between Erzerum and Tocat. 
CHAR'KOV, a city of Ruffia, and capital of a govern¬ 
ment of the fame name, containing ten churches, two 
convents, and feveral public feminaries: 352 miles fouth 
of Mofcow, and 640 fouth-fouth-eaft of Peterfburgh 
Lat. 50. N. Ion. 53. 40. E. Ferro. 
CHAR'KOV, a government of Ruffia, bounded on the 
north by Kurfk, on the eaft by Voronetz, on the fouth 
by Ekaterinoflav, on the weft by Tchernigav and Kiov; 
Charkov is the capital: about 180 miles in length, and 
from forty to eighty in breadth. 
CHAR'LATAN, f. [charlatan, Fr. ciarlatano, ItaL 
from ciarlare, to chatter.] A quack; a mountebank ; an 
empiric.—Saltimbanchoes, quackfalvers, and charlatans# 
deceive them in lower degrees. Brown. 
CHARLATA'NICAL, adj. Quackifh; ignorant,—A 
cowardly foldier, and a charlatanical doClor, are the prin¬ 
cipal fubjeCts of comedy. Cowley. 
CHAR'LATANRY, f. Wheedling; deceit; cheat¬ 
ing with fair words. 
G g CHARL'BURY, 
