u8 C H A 
the reftoration of Charles II. being incapacitated to ap¬ 
pear in the church, he returned to London, where he 
preached in private meetings, and had the reputation of 
a man of learning and elocution. He died in 1680. 
His works are printed in two vols; folio. 
CHAR/NY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Yonrie, and chief place of a canton, in the diltrict 
of Joigny: nineteen miles north-weft of Auxerre. 
CHAR/NY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Meufe, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift of 
Verdun : one league north of Verdun. 
CHAROLLAIS'', before the revolution, a fmall coun¬ 
try cf France, called from Charolles, the capital. 
CHAROL'LES, a town of France, and principal place 
cf a dill rift, in the department of the Saone and Loire : 
feven leagues eaft-fouth-eaft of Bourbon Lancy, and eight 
weft of Ma$on. 
CHA'RON, d Theban, who. received into his lioufe 
Pelopidas and. his friends, when they delivered Thebes 
from tyranny. An hiftorian of Lampfacus, who wrote 
two bocks on Perlia befides other treatiles B. C. 4-79. An 
hiftorian of Naucratis, who wrote an hiftory of his coun¬ 
try, and of Egypt. 
CHA'RON, in fabulous hiftory, one of the infernal 
deities, Ion of Erebus and Nox, who condufted the fouls 
of the dead in a boat.over the rivers Styx and Acheron, 
to the infernal regions, for an cbolus. Such as had not 
been honoured with a funeral were not permitted to enter 
his boat, without previoufly wandering on the fiior^ for 
one hundred- years. If any living perlon presented him- 
i’elf to crofs the Stygian lake, he could not be admitted 
before he ftiowed Charon a golden bough, which he re¬ 
ceived from the fybil ; and Charon was imprifoned for 
one year, becaule he had ferried over, againft his own 
will, Hercules, without this paffp.ort. Charon is repre • 
fented as an old robuft man, with a hideous countenance, 
long white beard, and piercing eyes. His garment is 
ragged and filthy, and his forehead is covered with 
■wrinkles. As all the dead were obliged to pay a fmall 
piece of money for their admifiion, it was ufual, among 
the ancients, to place under the tongue of the deceafed 
a piece of money for Charon. This table of Charon and 
his boat is borrowed from the Egyptians, whofe dead 
were carried acrofs a lake, where lentence was paffed over 
them, and according to their good or bad aftions, they 
were honoured with a fplendid burial, or left unnoticed 
in the open air. Diodorus. 
CHA'RON, a town of France, in the department of 
the Lower Charente : three leagues north of Rochefort. 
CHARON'JDAS, a celebrated legiflator of the Thu- 
rians, and a native of Catana in Sicily, flourifhed 440 
years before Chrift. He made a law that no man fhould 
be permitted to come armed into the aflembly. He-in- 
advertently broke this law, and, when told of it, he fell 
upon his fword, and thus killed himfelf for being the 
violator of his own law. 
CHARON'NE, a village of France : about a mile ealt 
of Paris. 
CHAROST', a town of France, in the department of 
the Cher, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 
Bourges, fituated on the river A rnon : four leagues fouth- 
weft of Bourges, and two north-eaft lifoudon. 
CHARPENTIER' (Francis), dean of the French aca¬ 
demy, was born at Paris, February 1620. His early acute- 
nefs made his friends defign him for the bar: but his tafte 
carried him another way. He preferred the repofe of the 
a clofet toanoify and tumultuous life ; and was infinitely 
more delighted with languages and antiquity, than the 
itudy cf the law. He was made a member of the French 
academy in 165 ij and had the advantage of the beft conver- 
lation for his improvement. When Colbert projected the 
iettingup a French Eaft-India company, he thought it pro¬ 
per that a dilcourfe fhould be publifhed to recommend it. 
He employed Charpentier to draw one up, and was lo pleaf- 
ed with his performance that he kept him in his family, 
C H A 
and made ufe of him in eftablifhing his new academy of 
Iufcriptionsand Medals. The learned languages, in which 
Charpentier was a confiderable mailer, his great know¬ 
ledge of antiquity, and his exaft and critical judgment, 
made him very ferviceable 5 and it is agreed that no per¬ 
lon contributed more than himfelf towards that noble fe- 
ries of medals, which reprefented the moft confiderable 
events of the reign of Louis XIV. He publifhed feveral 
works, which were well received. He died April 22, 
1702, aged 82. His harangues and dilcourfes are extant 
in the eolleftions of the academy. There are likewiie of 
liis in print feveral poems,- fuch as odes, fonnets, para- 
phrafes upon the plalms, and many other works which 
have not been printed. 
CHAR'PEY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Drome: three leagues eaft of Valence. 
CHAR'RARA, a town of Perfia, in the province of 
Farfiftan: forty-eight miles north-weft of Schiras. 
CHARRE OF LEAD,/. A quantity of lead confifting 
of thirty pigs, each pig containing fix ftone wanting two 
pounds, and every ftone being twelve pounds. 
CH AR'RES, a town of Arabia, nine miles jiorth-north- 
eaft of Sana. 
CHAR'RON (Peter), born at Paris in 1541. After mak¬ 
ing a confiderable proficiency in grammar-learning, he 
applied to logic, metaphyfics, moral and natural philofo- 
phy. He ftudied civil and common law at the. univerfi- 
ties of Orleans and Bourges, and commenced doftor in 
that faculty. Upon his return to Paris, he was admitted 
an advocate in the court of parliament. He always de¬ 
clared the bar to be the beft and moft improving lchool 
in the world ; and accordingly attended at all the pub¬ 
lic hearings for feveral years: but, forefeeing that 
preferment in this way was like to come very flow, he 
gave over this puffuit, and clofely applied to the ftudy 
of divinity. By his fuperior eloquence, he foon came 
into high reputation, and was cholen by queen Margaret, 
duchefs of Bulois, for her preacher in ordinary. He ne¬ 
ver took any degree or title in divinity, but latisfied him- 
lelf with deferving and being capable of the higheft. 
He compofed a work intituled, Les Trois Verites, tc The 
Three Truths,” which he publifhed in 1594. This pro¬ 
cured him the acquaintance of M. de Sulpice, bifltop and 
count of Cahors, who appointed him his vicar-general. 
He was deputed to the general aflembly of the clergy in 
i595,andwaschofenfirftlecretarytotheaflembly. In 1601, 
he printed at Bourdeaux his books “ of Wifdom,” which 
gave him a great reputation, and made his charafter ge¬ 
nerally known. He died November 16, 1603, of an apo¬ 
plexy. His Treatife on Wifdom is a kind of commentary 
on the Elfays of Montagne. The old Gafcon was fo 
pleafed with his book and his converfation, that he per¬ 
mitted him to take his name, and to bear bis arms. The 
times in which he wrote could fo ill bear the truths ad¬ 
vanced in the Treatife upon Wifdom, that he was de¬ 
nounced by the univerfity of Paris as a man of irreligious 
principles. His friend, the preiident Jeannin, fo well 
known by his negociations in Holland, faved his book 
from being condemned, by permitting the fale of it as a 
book of politics. The frontifpiece to the Elzevir edition 
of his treatife, reprefents the goddefs of folly leading 
mankind by their paflions. Charron begins one of his 
chapters upon wifdom thus : Nihil eji aqualitate inaqua- 
lius: “ There is nothing fo unequal as equality. There 
is no fuch great hatred as that which takes place amongft 
perlons who are equal to one another. The envy and 
the jealoufy with which equals are poftefled, are the caufes 
of troubles, feditions, and of civil wars. In all govern¬ 
ments there mult be inequality of rank, but it lliould be 
moderate. Harmony itfelf confifts not in a complete 
equality of tones, but in a difference of tones, that ftill 
agree one with another.” 
CHARROU'X, a town of France, in the department 
of the Allier, and chief place of a canton, in the diffrift 
of Gannat; five miles north of Gannat, 
CHARROU'X, 
