138 C H E I R A 
a tubercle on each fide. Style very fhort, comprefled. 
Stigma oblong, two-parted, refle£led, thickifli, perma¬ 
nent. Pericarpium: filique long, comprefled, the two 
oppofite. angles obliterated, marked with a toothlet, two- 
celled, two-valved ; furnifhed with the very fhort ftyle, 
and the eredl bifid ftigma. Seeds : very many, pendulous, 
alternate, fubovate, comprefied, with a membranous edge. 
F.Jfential Chav after. —Germ: with a glandulous toothlet 
on each fide. Calyx: doled with two leaflets gibbous 
at the bale. Seeds flat. 
Sfecics. 1. Cheiranthus eryfimoides, wild wall-flower, 
or flock : leaves lanceolate toothed naked, ftem eredl 
quite Ample, filiques four-cornered. Root perennial : 
or, according to fiome, biennial. Stem ufually one (in 
the wild plant) purplifli at bottom, generally quite Am¬ 
ple, in height from fix to eighteen inches; on the Pyre¬ 
nees not above two inches high. Leaves narrow, fharpilh, 
feffile, dark green, either linear or oblong-lanceolate, 
generally quite entire, but the lower ones fometimes 
toothletted. The ftem, leaves, and unripe filique, have 
fome roughnefs. The leaves refemble thofe of the com¬ 
mon wall-flower, as do alfo the flowers, but they have 
no feent, they are yellow, arid in loofe lpikes or corymbs. 
Grows in Italy, Spain, France, Swiflerland, Germany, 
Auftria, Hungary, Sweden, England, in the ofler-holts 
about Godltow near Oxford, and Eaft-Grinftead in Suf- 
fex. It flowers in June, and ripens its feeds in autumn. 
2. Cheiranthus Helveticus, Swifs wall-flower or flock : 
leaves lanceolate toothed naked, ftem eredl, filiques four- 
cornered, acuminated with the ftyle. I11 appearance very 
like the foregoing, but more flirubby; flowers fmaller, 
and the feeds twice as large. Root perennial; ftem eredl, 
fomewhat angular, eighteen inches high ; leaves pale 
green, for the moft part quite entire, but fometimes hav¬ 
ing a few teeth. It flowers in May and June, and the 
feeds ripen in July. Native of Swifferland. 
3. Cheiranthus alpinus, alpine or ftraw-coloured wall¬ 
flower, or flock : leaves linear entire lubtomentofe, ftem 
branching. It very much refembles the firft fpecies, but 
differs in having hoary leaves and a branching ftem. 
The whole plant is roughifh. Root biennial. Stemftiffly 
ere£l from one to three feet in height, Ample or branch¬ 
ing, fomewhat angular, fiender, firm. The flowers are 
pale yellovy or lulphur-coloured, and have little or no 
fimell; they appear in June and July, and the feeds are 
perfected in Auguft and September. Found on banks, 
walls, &c. in Auftria, and Provence ; Swiflerland, and 
the mountains of Piedmont. 
4. Cheiranthus flriiSlus: leaves linear acute fmooth, 
Item flirubby eredl. 
5. Cheiranthus callofus: leaves lanceolate entire callous, 
ftem angular flirubby. Found at the Cape by Thunberg. 
6. Cheiranthus cheii i, or common wall-flower : leaves 
lanceolate acute fmooth, branches angular, ftem flirubby. 
Stem woody, a foot high, afeending ; on walls it is feldom 
more than fix or eight inches high, with very tough roots 
and firm ltalks, the leaves fliort and {harp-pointed, and 
the flowers fmall ; but in gardens it is two feet highland 
branches wide; the leaves are broader, and the flowers 
much ‘larger. The principal varieties are, x. Common 
dwarf yellow. 2. Large yellbw. 3. Large yellow bloody. 
4. True bloody. 5. Narrow-leaved ftraw-coloured. 6. 
Variegated-leaved yellow, 7. Winter. 8. White. And 
tliefe are either fingle or double.- The common wall¬ 
flower is a native of Swiflerland, France, Spain, &c. and 
is common on old walls and buildings in many parts of 
• England. It is one of the few flowers which have been cul¬ 
tivated for their fragr.mcy, time immemorial in ourgardens. 
7. Cheiranthus fruticulofus: leaves lanceolate acute 
fmooth fubferrate, ftem flirubby. Refembles the fore¬ 
going very much, but is a lower plant,, being only three 
or four inches high. Flowers one-eighth of the fize of 
the common wall-flower, lefs fragrant, pale yellow : Na¬ 
tive of Spain. 
8. Cheiranthus chius: leaves obovate veinlefs emargi- 
nate ; filiques fubulate at the tip. Very nearly allied to 
2 
N T II U S.' 
the following fpecies. Native of the iiland of Chios, and 
Ruflia. 
9. Cheiranthus maritimus, or dwarf annual ftock-gil- 
liflower: leaves elliptic obtufe naked roughifh; ftem dif- 
fufed, rough. It feldom rifes more than fix inches iu 
height, unlefs it be preternaturally drawn up. The na¬ 
tive place of growth is the coaft of the Mediterranean ; 
and therefore it is very improperly called Virginia flock. 
Annual. 
10. Cheiranthus falinus : leaves lanceolate obtufe quite 
entire ; ftem ereft; anthers included. Very like the next 
fpecies, but only one-eighth of the fize. It has the fmell 
of the ftock-gilliflower. Found in the falt-marfhes of 
Siberia and Tartary. 
11. Cheiranthus incanus, or ftock-gilliflower: leaves 
lanceolate quite entire obtufe hoary; filiques truncate at 
the end and comprefled; ftem under-fhrubby. The 
ftock-gilliflower rifes with a flrong (talk, which is almoft 
flirubby, a foot high or more, having oblong, fpear- 
fhaped, hoary, leaves, which are frequently waved on 
their edges, and turn downward at the extremity ; from 
the flalk come out many lateral branches, with the fame 
fliaped leaves, but fmaller; thefe fide branches are each 
terminated by a loofe fpike of flowers, each having a 
woolly calyx, and four large roundifh petals, indented 
at the end. Thefe ufually appear in May and June, but 
the fame plants frequently continue flowering moft part 
of the f'ummer. The feeds ripen in autumn, and the 
plants generally perifh foon after; but, when any of them 
grow in dry rubbifh, they will lafl two or three years, 
and become flirubby; but thofe with fingle flowers 
are not worth prefetving after they have perfected then- 
feeds. The flowers of this fort vary in their colour; 
fome are of a pale red, others of a bright red, and fome 
are curioufly variegated, but thofe of the bright red are 
generally moft el^eemed. If the feeds be well chofen, 
frequently three parts in four of the plants will be double; 
and as the plants divide into many branches, they make a 
fine appearance during their continuance in flower. 
There are three principal varieties. 1. Brompton ftock- 
gilliflower, from its having been there firft cultivat¬ 
ed in England. This rifes with an upright, ftrong, un¬ 
divided flalk, to the height of two feet or more, with 
long lioary leaves, which are refle&ed, and waved on their 
edges, and at the top form a large head ; out of the cen¬ 
ter of thefe arifes the flower-flalk, which, when the plants 
are flrong, is frequently a foot and a half long, putting 
out two or three fliort branches toward the bottom; the 
flowers of this kind have longer petals, and are formed 
into a pyramidal fpike ; but thofe with fingle flowers are 
loofely difpofed, becaufe the flowers, having but few pe¬ 
tals, do not fill the fpike, as thofe do which are double ; 
for thefe often have fo many- petals, as to render each 
flower as large and full as fmall rofes; and, when they 
are of a bright red, they make a pretty appearance; but 
the plants of this fort produce but one fpike, in which 
it differs from all the others. This is generally biennial, 
though many times the plants are preferved longer ; but 
they are always flronger the firft year of their flowering 
than they will be after; fb that the feeds are fown every 
fpring, to continue a fucceflion of flowering plants, a. 
White ftock-gilliflower, which is of longer duration than 
either of the others. There are always many double 
flowers rife from feeds of this fort, when they are well 
chofen. The varieties of this are few ; fometimes a 
few of the plants will produce pale flefh-coloured flow¬ 
ers, and now- and then fome have been purple ; and, 
as that fort of ftock-gilliflower, whichis titled the Twick¬ 
enham purple, will fometimes come with flowers variegat¬ 
ed with white, thefe two may be varieties of each other; 
and the rather, becaufe the plants agree with each other in 
their external habit; for neither of thefe put out their 
flower-ftems from the centre of the plants, but always 
on their fide.. 3. Is known by the name of white wall-flower, 
among the gardeners and florilts. This riles with a green- 
iih Italk a foot high, dividing into many branches. Leaves 
. narrow, 
