C H E I R ; 
narrow, fmooth, lanceolate, of a lucid green, and of 
thicker confluence than thofe of the others ; they are 
near three inches long, and about half an inch broad in 
the middle: the flowers are produced in loofe fpikes at 
the end of the branches, are of a pure white, and have a 
great fragrancy, efpecially in an evening, or in cloudy 
weather. There is a variety of it with double flowers. 
Linnaeus obferves, that the variety with white flowers 
has the leaves lefs tomentofe and even green, but not 
rigid or ftiff, as in the wall-flower. Native of the fea-coafts 
of Spain. In Italy, Greece, Candia, and the ifles adjacent. 
The flock-gilliflower is of very long Handing in the 
Englifh gardens: Johnfon gives a figure of the double 
flock, which was not in Gerarde's original work, and 
obferves, that many and pretty varieties of it were kept 
in the garden of his kind friend, mailer Ralph Tuggye 
at Weftminfler: we may conclude therefore the double 
flocks were not known in Gerarde’s time. The old Eng- 
lifh name of gilliflower, which is now almofl loft in the 
prefix Hock, is corrupted from the French giroflier. 
Chaucer writes it gylofre ; Turner gelover and gelyfloure-, 
Gerarde and Parkinlon gillofiovoer. Having got thus far 
from its original orthography, it was eafily corrupted, by 
thofe who knew' not whence it was derived, into July- 
flonver. Pinks and carnations alfo having the name of 
gilliflower, from their fmelling like the clove, which is 
called girofle in French, from the Latin caryophyllu'm ; they 
were called dove gilliflovoers , and thefe Jiock-gilliflovsers 
for diftinfition. Gerarde fays they were alfo called Garn- 
fey violet and caJHe-gilliflovjer. 
12. Cheiranthus feneftralis, or clufter-leaved ftock-gil- 
liflower: leaves crowded in heads recurved waved; flem 
undivided. Stem fhrubby, from fix to eight inches high, 
nearly the thicknefs of the little finger, llraight, rigid, 
round, covered with leaves, hoary with nap, dividing at 
top into two or three very fit or t, alternate branches. It 
continues three or four years, flowering the fecond ; the 
third and fourth it puts out branches, which flower the 
fame year. This plant is proper to ftand in windows, 
(whence its trivial name,) on account of its fmallnefs, 
and the very grateful odour it exhales, efpecially in the 
evening. The feeds were firft fown in the Upfal garden in 
1753 ; but it is not known whence they came. It was 
cultivated here in 1759, by Mr. Miller 3 and flowers from 
May to July. 
13. Cheiranthus annuus, or annual flock-gilliflower, 
or ten-weeks flock : leaves lanceolate fomewhat toothed 
obtufe hoary; filiques cylindric acute at the end ; flem 
herbaceous. This fpecies rifes with a round fmooth flalk 
about two feet high, dividing into feveral branches at 
top. It grows naturally on the fea-coafts in the fouthern 
countries of Europe; and w'as cultivated in 1731, by 
Mr. Miller. Of this fort there are the red, purple, white, 
and ftriped, with Angle flowers; and the fame colours 
with double flowers; which are very great ornaments in 
the borders of the flower-garden in autumn. 
14. Cheiranthus littoreus, or fea flock-gilliflower: 
leaves lanceolate fomewhat toothed tomentofe and flefhy; 
petals emarginate ; filiques tomentofe. Stem a foot high, 
alternately branching, hoary. The flowers are fmaller 
than thofe of the common ltock, of a bright red at firft, 
but fading to a purple. The whole plant is very white ; 
and, having woody ftalks, has the appearance of a pe¬ 
rennial plant, but it generally perifhes in autumn. It 
grows naturally near the lea coait, in the louth of France, 
Spain, and Italy. It was cultivated in 1683, by Mr. James 
Sutherland. 
15. Cheiranthus triflis, or dark-flowered ftock-gilli- 
flower : leaves linear fubfinuate ; flowers feflile, petals 
waved ; flem fhrubby. This fort is of humble growth, 
feldom rifing above eight or nine inches high. The whole 
plant is roughilh, and of a hoary alli-colour. The bottom 
leaves have two or three pairs of teeth, and are finuated ; 
the branch-leaves have one or two teeth, and the upper 
ones are quite entire. At night it has a grateful odour, 
N T H U S. 139 
fomewhat refembling that of geranium trifle. Native of 
the fouth of Europe. Cultivated in 1768 by Mr. Miller. 
16. Cheiranthus trilobus: leaves toothed obtufe; 
calyxes even ; filiques knotted mucronate filiform even. 
Root annual ; Items branching, fpreading, feven or eight 
inches high, hoary. Native of Italy, on the fea fliore 
near Terracina. 
17. Cheiranthus tricufpidatus, or trifid ftock-gilliflower: 
leaves lyrate; filiques three-toothed at the tip. This is 
an annual plant, which branches out from the root into 
many declining ftalks : the lower leaves are about tw'o 
inches long, and three quarters of an inch broad, very 
deeply' finuated on their edges, and hoary; thole upon 
the ftalks are of the lame form, but much fmaller: the 
flowers are produced from the fides of the ftalks fingly, 
and at the top in loofe fpikes or racemes. Native of.Bar¬ 
bary. Cultivated in 1759, by Mr. Miller. 
18. Cheiranthus finuatus, or prickle-podded ftock-gil¬ 
liflower : leaves tomentofe obtufe fubfinuate, branch- 
leaves entire; filiques muricate. Stalk eretft, and the 
wdiole plant covered with a white dowm. Flowers flelh- 
coloured, fucceeded by long woolly pods. Brought out 
of the ifle of Rhe near Rochelle by John Tradefcant, 
when the duke of Buckingham was lent with fupplies for 
Monf. Soubife; gathered by Mr. George Bowles upon 
the rocks at Aberdovye in Merionethfhire ; on the fandy 
coaft of Anglefey about Abermeney-ferry, at Aberdaren 
in Caernarvonftiire ; on the coaft of Cornw'all, &c. Bi^ 
ennial. 
19. Cheiranthus farfetia: filiques oval compreffed ; leaves 
linear-lanceolate; flem fhrubby eredt. Stem a foot high, 
hoary, ftiff and ftraight, branching. Native of Egypt 
and Arabia : obferved by Forfkael in the kingdom of 
Tunis. Turra gave it the name of farfetia, from Far- 
fetti, a noble Venetian. Introduced in 1788, by John 
Sibfhorp, M. D. 
20. Cheiranthus tenuifolius, or narrow-leaved fhrubby 
ftock-gilliflower : leaves filiform quite entire fomewhat 
filky, flem frutefcent branched. This is a fhrub, a foot 
and a half in height; the branches becoming bald at bot¬ 
tom. It is a native of Madeira, and was found there by 
Maffon. It W'as introduced in 1777 ; and flowers in May 
and June. 
21. Cheiranthus mutabilis, or broad-leaved fhrubby 
ftock-giiliflower : leaves lanceolate acuminate fharply fer¬ 
rate, Item frutefcent, filiques peduncled. This aifo is a 
fhrub, growing to the height of two or three cubits. It 
was found by Maffon in the fame ifland, was introduced 
at the fame time, and flowers from March to May. Its 
chief merit confifts in its early flowering. The fhowy 
bloffoms on firft opening are white, lbmetimes inclined 
to yellow ; in a few days they become purple ; hence its 
trivial name mutabilis , or changeable. ■ 
22. Cheiranthus quadrangulus : leaves linear entire, 
filiques feflile oblong quadrangular. This grows a cubit 
in height, with an herbaceous flem, becoming a little 
fhrubby at bottom, upright, branched, round: leaves 
bright green, three or four inches long, and tw'o or three 
lines wide ; flowers fulphur-coloured, odorous. .Native 
of the deferts of Siberia. Introduced into the Paris gar¬ 
den by the famous Jean Jacques Roufleau ; and lince by 
Demidow. 
Propagation and Culture. The wall-flowers that are 
Angle produce feeds in plenty; but the largeft and deep- 
eft-coloured flowers fhould always be feledted for feeds. 
Thefe fhould be fown in April, upon poor undunged loil; 
and when the plants are fit to remove, they fhould be 
tranfplanted into nurfery-beds, at about fixinches diftance 
each way, obierving to water and fhade them until they 
have taken frefli root; after which they will require no 
farther care, but to keep them clean from weeds all the 
fummer; and at Michaelmas they may be tranlplanted 
- into the borders of the flower-garden where they are de¬ 
signed to remain, that the plants may get good roots be¬ 
fore the froft comes on. This is the method which is 
commonly 
