ANCIENT NAMES. 
Tartar fparryq or of /’par 
Tartar fokvble . . . . 
Tartar ftibiated . . . 
Tartar tartarized, or terra 
foliata tartari . „ . 
Tartar tartarized, holding 
antimony in foiution . 
Tartar vitriolated . . 
Tindture acrid of tartar 
Tinctures fpirituous . . 
Tin. 
Tin mufiated .... 
Tungftein. 
Turbith mineral , , . 
Turbith nitrous . , . 
Verdegris ..... 
Yerdegris of the drops . 
Verdegris diftilled . . . 
Venus ....... 
Vinegar diftilled . . . . 
Vinegar of faturn .... 
Vinegar radical . . . . 
Vitriol ammohiacal . . . 
Vitriol blue,orRoman vitriol 
Vitriol green, or copperas . 
Vitriol magnefian , . . 
Vitriol martial . ... , 
Vitriol of antimony . . . 
Vitriol of clay, or argil . . 
Vitriol of bifmuth . . . 
Vitriol of cobalt . . . . 
Vitriol of copper . . . . 
Vitriol of Cyprus . . . . 
Vitriol of lead .■-.... 
Vitriol of manganefe 
Vitriol of mercury . . , 
Vitriol of nickel . . . . 
Vitriol of platina . . . . 
Vitriol of potafli . . . . 
Vitriol of fdver . . . . 
Vitriol of foda. 
Vitriol of tin. 
Vitriol of zinc. 
Vitriol white. 
Water. 
Waters aerated, or acidu¬ 
lated ....... 
Water mercurial . . . . 
Water hepatic .... 
Wolfram of Meff. d’Elhuya 
Wood philofophical . 
Zinc .. 
CHE M I 
NEW NAMES. 
Fluat of potafli 
Tartrit of potafli 
Antimoniated tart rit of pot- 
afli 
Tartrit of potafli 
Tartrit of potafli fupercom- 
pounded with antimony 
Sulphat of potafli 
Aricohol of potafli 
Relinous alcohols 
Tin 
Muriat of tin 
Tungftein, or tungften 
Yellow oxyd of mercury by 
the fulphuric acid 
Yellow oxyd of mercury by 
the nitric acid 
Green oxyd of copper 
Acetit of copper, with ex- 
cefs of oxyd 
Cryftallized acetit of copper 
Copper 
Acetous acid 
Acetit of lead 
Acetic acid 
Ammoniacal fulphat 
Sulphat of copper 
Sulphat of iron 
Sulphat of magnefia 
Sulphat of iron 
Sulphat of antimony 
Sulphat of alumine 
Sulphat of bifmuth 
Sulphat of cobalt 
Sulphat of copper 
Sulphat of copper 
Sulphat of lead 
Sulphat of manganefe 
Sulphat of mercury 
Sulphat of nickel 
Sulphat of platina 
Sulphat of potafli 
Sulphat of filver 
Sulphat of foda 
Sulphat of tin 
Sulphat of zink 
Sulphat of zink 
Water 
Water impregnated with 
carbonic acid 
Solution of nitrat of mercury 
Sulphurated, or l'ulphureous 
waters 
Tungften 
Sublimed oxyd of zink 
Zink 
GENERAL OUTLINE of MODERN CHEMISTRY. 
All the fadls and experiments of chemiftry, may be re¬ 
ferred to the twelve following eftablifhed phenomena ; 
i. The adlion of light. 2. The adlion of caloric. 3. 
The adtion of air in combuftion. The nature and 
adlion of yvater._ 5. The nature and adtion of earths, 
and the formation of alkalis, with the parts they per¬ 
form in combinations. 6. The nature and properties of 
combuftible bodies. 7. The formation and decompofi¬ 
tion of acids. 8. The union of acids with earths and al¬ 
kalis. 9. The oxydation and diffolution of metals. 10. 
The nature^ and formation of vegetable fubftances. n. 
The tranfition of vegetables to the ftate of animal mat¬ 
ter, and the nature thereof. 12. Finally, the fpontane- 
ous decompofition of vegetable and animal fubftances. 
Thefe twelve heads may be confidered as the titles or data 
Vol. IV. No. 185. 
S TRY. 153 
of fo many diftindl parts ; which, taken together, in¬ 
clude the whole of the dodtrine of chemiftry ; the outline 
of which wefhall trace as follows : 
THE ACTION OF LIGHT. 
Light, whether it come from the fun and fixed liars, 01* 
be diffufed throughout l'pace, is modified in four different 
ways with regard to the bodies with which it comes in¬ 
to contadl: either it is refledted entirely from their furfaces 
to our eyes, and excites the fenfation of whitenefs; or it. 
is decompofed, and fome of its parts only are refledted, 
whence arife different colours ; or it is more or lefs com¬ 
pletely abforbed, and produces blacknefs; or, laftly, it 
pafles through bodies, deviating more or lefs from its 
courfe, by approaching the perpendicular, and this confti- 
tutes trnnfparency. In its paflage through tranfparent bo¬ 
dies, it experiences a refradtion, the degree of which is in 
a diredl ratio to the denfity of the body, if incombuilible; 
but increafing in proportion to the combuftibility of the 
body through which it pafles. Hence Newton divined the 
combuftibility of the diamond, and the exiftence of a 
combuftible principle in water. 
Light, in refracting, is decompofed into feven rays; 
red, orange, yellow', green, blue, indigo, and violet. It 
has been fuppofed, that three of thele colours, the red, 
yellow, and blue, were Ample; and that the other four 
were formed each of the two contiguous to them; that 
is, the orange from the red and y'eliow', the green front 
the yellow and blue, the indigo from the blue and violet, 
and the violet from the red and indigo. But this fup- 
polition has never been proved. The decompofition ef¬ 
fected by means of the prifm, is a fort of analyfis of 
light. Light alfo adts chemically on fubftances, occa- 
lioning decompofitions and combinations. This we in¬ 
fer from the difference exhibited by' bodies immerfed in 
light, from the lame deprived of this element. The 
former become in general coloured, volatile, and inflam¬ 
mable; the latter have the oppofite qualities. And 
thus, by the contact of light, fome acids are deccmpo- 
fed ; many falts change their nature; the oxyds of metals 
in general re-approach the metallic ftate : and vegetables 
acquire colour, and become fapid and inflammable; de¬ 
prived of light, they remain pale and inflpid, and are 
what we call etiolated. Thefe general effedts are almoft 
always owing to this circumftance, that light deprives 
burnt bodies of the principle they abforbed in burning, 
fo that from incombuftible, wdiich they had become, 
they return to the combuftible ftate. It may be faid, 
that light generally unburns burnt fubftances. Thefe 
data enable us to inveftigate the colours of bodies: trans¬ 
parency : opacity: brilliancy: Ample and double re¬ 
fradtion: metallic luftre: the decompofition of acids, 
and of metallic oxyds : decombuftion: the alteration of 
the colours of minerals: vegetation : the decompofition 
of water by the leaves of plants: the renovation of the 
vital air of the atmofphere : the formation of oils: the 
difference between the vegetables of hot climates, and 
tliofe of temperate ones, &c. 
THE ACTION OF CALORIC. 
What we call heat, is a fenfation produced by a fub- 
ftance to wdiich modern chemifts have given the appella¬ 
tion of caloric. When caloric is applied to our lyltem 
in a greater proportion than it already contains, the 
fyftem is warmed, and the fenfation of heat produced.. 
When, on the contrary, a fubftance of a lower tempera¬ 
ture than our fyftem is applied to it, we feel the lenfa¬ 
tion of cold, becaufe w'e then lofe caloric. The adlion of 
caloric is of fuch a nature as to penetrate all bodies; 
it l’eparates their particles by lodging between them, and 
diminifhes their attradlion; it dilates bodies, it liquifies 
folids, and ratifies liquids to fuch a degree as to render 
them invifible, to give them the form of air, and convert 
them into elaftic, compreflible, aeriform, fluids. Hence 
it follows, that liquids are combinations of folids with, 
caloric, and that gafes are folutions of different bodies 
Rr in 
