4©8 CHE 
abdomen, are placed fo as to form a kind of roof, as if 
to proteft the animal from rain. Other fpecies, of in¬ 
ferior fize, frequent the elm,-the afh, the cherry, and the 
fir ; that which inhabits the la if of thefe trees is provided 
with a {harp-pointed inftrument by which it makes punc¬ 
tures in the extremity of the branches, in order to depo¬ 
sit its young. By this means the fir-tree chermes pro¬ 
duces that enormous fcaly protuberance, which is often 
feen at the fummit of the branches, and which is formed 
by the extravafation of the juices through the wounds 
thus made. 
The larva chermes has fix feet: in figure, it refembles 
the perfect infeft; its fnape is oblong, and its motion 
flow. In the chryfalid ftate, the form is fomewhat changed, 
by two iinall protuberances upon the thorax, the rudi¬ 
ments of future wings. When the chryfalids are about to 
undergo their laft metamorphofes, they retreat to the un - 
der fide of a leaf, to which they remain attached without 
.motion. On the approach of their change, the membrane 
above the head and thorax is feen to fplit and open: the 
perfedf infect then comes forth w'ith its wings, leaving the 
ipoils of its chryfalis ft ill adhering to the leaf, and rent 
on the anterior part. The empty floughs of thefe infefts 
are often found in great plenty beneath the leaves of the 
fig-tree. The tuber,cles railed upon the branches of trees 
by the punffures of the chermes, not only become the re¬ 
sidence of the animal, but alio of its eggs and larva, 
which are contained in thofe cells with which they a- 
bound. The box-tree chermes produces no excrefcences 
upon that piant: its punftures make the leaves bend in 
towards each other at their extremity, where their union 
forms at the fummit of the branch, a hollow' knob, in 
which the larva of that in left find fhelter. Both in their 
larva and chryfalid ftate, many of the chermes ejeft from 
the anus a white faccharine fubftance refembling manna: 
within the hollow balls formed by the box-leaves, there are 
finall foft grains of this fubftance depofited ; and, in that 
ftate, it is frequently feen ifluing from the anus of the in- 
feft that dwells there. Dr. Gmelin, in his improved edi¬ 
tion of the Syftema Naturae of Linnaeus, enumerates fe- 
veral new fpecies. 
CHER'MES MINERAL. See Kermes. 
CHE'RO, a fmall ifland of European Turkey, in the 
Archipelago. Lat.36. 53. N. Ion. 43. 26. E. Ferro. 
CHEROKEE 1 , the ancient name of Tenneffee River. 
The name of Teueflee was formerly confined to the fouth- 
ern branch which empties fifteen miles above the mouth 
of Clinch river, and eighteen below Knoxville; 
CHEROKEE'S, a celebrated Indian nation, now on 
the decline. They refide in the northern parts of Georgia, 
and the fouthern parts of the ftate of Tenneffee; having 
the Apalachian or Cherokee mountains on the eaft, which 
leparate them from- North and South Carolina, and Ten¬ 
neffee river on the north and weft, and the Creek Indians 
on the fouth. The country of the Cherokees, extending 
weftward to the Miffifippi and northward to the Six Na¬ 
tions, tvas furrendered, by treaty at Weftminfter, 1729, 
to the crown of Great Britain. The prefent line between 
them and the ftate of Tenneffee is not yet fettled. A line 
of experiment was drawn in 1792, from Clinch river, 
acrofs Hoifton to Chilhove mountain; but, the Cherokee 
commiffioners not appearing, it is called a line of expe¬ 
riment. The compleftion of, the Cherokees is brighter 
than, that of the neighbouring Indians. They are robuft 
and well made, and taller than many of. their neighbours; 
being generally fix feet iigh, a few are more, and fome 
lefs. Their women are tall, (lender, and delicate. Two 
of their chiefs vifited England in 1764, and had an audi¬ 
ence of his majefty. They were formerly a powerful na¬ 
tion ; but by continual wars in which it has been their 
deftiny to be engaged, with the northern Indian tribes, 
and with the whites, they are now reduced to about 1500 
warriors; and they are becoming weak and pufillanimous. 
Some writers eftimate their numbers at 2500 warriors. 
They have forty-three towns now inhabited. 
CHE 
CHE'RON (Elizabeth Sophia), daughter of a painter 
in enamel, was born at Paris in 1648, and ftudied under 
her father. At the age of fourteen her name was be¬ 
come famous. The celebrated Le Brun in 1671 pre- 
fented her to the academy of painting and fculpture, 
which complimented her talents by admitting her to the 
title of academician. This ingenious lady divided her 
time between painting and learning languages, poetry, 
and mufic. She drew on a large fcale a great number of 
gems, a work in which fire particularly excelled. Thefe 
piftures were no lefs admirable for a good tafte in draw¬ 
ing, a fingular command of pencil, a fine ftyle of colour¬ 
ing, and a fifperior judgment in the chiaro-ofcuro. She 
excelled in hiftory, in oil-colours, in miniature enamels, 
in portrait painting, and efpecially in thofe of females. 
The academy of Ricovrati at Padua honoured her with 
the furname of Erato, and gave her a place in their fo- 
ciety. She died at Paris, September 3, 1711, at the age 
of fixty-three. 
CHERONNA'C, a. town of France, in the department 
of the Charente: fifteen miles fouth of Confolent, 
CHE'ROY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Yonne, and chief place of a canton, in the diftriftof 
Sens : ten miles weft of Sens. 
CHERRONI'SO, a town of European Turkey, on the 
north-eaft coaft of the illand of Negropont: twenty-five 
miles eaft of Negropont. • , 
CHER'RY, f. [cerife , Fr. cerafus, Lat.] The fruit of 
the cherry-tree. It was brought out of Pontus at the 
time of the Mithridatic viftory by Lucullus, in the year 
of Rome 680; and was brought, into Britain about 120 
years afterwards, which was A. D. 55; and was foon after 
Ipread through moft parts of Europe. Miller- 
CHER'RY, adj. Refembling a cherry in colour : 
Shore’s wife hath a pretty foot, 
A cherry lip, a palling pleafing tongue. Shakefpearei 
CHER'RYCHEEKED, adj. Having ruddy cheeks : 
I warrant them cherry check'd country girls. Congreve. 
CHER'RYPIT, f A child’s play, in which they throw 
cherry-itones into a finall hole.—What, man ! ’tis not for 
gravity to play at cherrypit. Shakefpeare. 
CHERRV-TREE, and Cherry-Laurel, / in bo¬ 
tany. See Prunus and Cordia, 
CHER'RY-V AL'LEY, a poft town of America, in Ot- 
fego county, New-York, at the head of the creek of the 
fame name, about twelve miles north-eaft of Cooper’s- 
town, and eighteen foutherly of Conajohary, fixty-one 
weft of Albany and 336 from Philadelphia. There is an 
academy here, which contained in 1796, fifty or fixty 
fcholars. It is a fpacious building, fixty feet by forty. 
The townfliip is very large, and lies along the eaft fide of 
Otfego lake and its outiet to Adiquatangie creek. -By the 
ftate cenfus of 1796, it appears that 629 of its inhabitants 
are eledfors. This fettiement fuffered feverely from the 
Indians in the Amerian war. 
CHER'SO, an ifland in the Adriatic, on the coaft c.f 
Croatia, about 150 miles in circumference. It is ftony 
and mountainous, but yields a great deal of wood, cattle, 
wine, oil, and honey. It belongs to the Venetians, who 
fend a nobleman as governor every two years, with the 
title of count, or captain, who refides at the capital, fitu- 
ated in the centre of the ifland, which has the fame name, 
and contains about 2500 inhabitants. Lat. 45. 10. N. ion. 
32. 12. E. Ferro. 
CHER'SON, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 
Ekaterinoflay, lituated on the Dnieper, built and made a 
free port in the year 1774, chiefly conftru&ed of hewa 
ftone. It is intended to be the principal mart for all 
commodities of export and import; but if an extenfive 
trade fnould take place in this quarter, the great depoiit- 
ary for the merchandize will be more conveniently fixed 
on fome fpot below ’the bar of the Dnieper, and about 
twelve milts fouth of Cherfbn. It contains a dock for the 
conftruftioa 
