CHE 
confmu5tion of large veflels; from which feveral men-of- 
war and frigates, as well merchant ftips, have,already 
launched. The humane Mr. Howard died in this town, 
on the Toth of January, 1790: 128 miles fouth-weft of 
Ekaterin-oflav, and 812 l'outh of Peterfburg. Lat.46.40. 
N. Ion. 50. 40. E. Ferro. 
CHERSONE'SUS, a Greek word, rendered by the La¬ 
tins Petiinfula. ; or a traft of land almoft furrounded by 
the lea, but joined to the continent by a narrow neck or 
illhmus. There were many of thefe among the ancients, 
of which thefe five are the moft celebrated : one called. 
Peloponnefus; one called Thracian, at the fouth of 
Thrace, and weft of the Hellefpont, where Miltiades led 
a colony of Athenians ; from its ilfhmus to its further 
ihores, it meafured 420 ftadia. The third, called Taurica, 
now Crira Tartary, w’as iituate near the Palus Mseotis. 
The fourth called Cimbrica, now Jutland, is in the 
northern parts of Germany ; and the fifth, furnamed 
Aurea, lies in India, beyond the Ganges. 
CHERT, f Petrosilux, lapis corneus, the hornjlein of 
the Germans ; a fpeties of ftone clafl’ed by Cronftedt among 
the ftliceous earths. See Mineralogy. 
CHERT'SEY, a town cf England, in the county of 
Surrey, fituated near the banks of the Thames, formerly 
the refidence of fome of the Saxon kings; and the fir ft 
burial place of Henry VI. who was afterwards removed 
to Windlor. Here was formerly an abbey, founded in the 
years 664, of which only part of the walls now remains. 
The principal manufactures are iron hoops, thread, and 
bricks. It has a weekly market on Wednefdays ; and four 
fairs, firft Monday in Lent, May 14, Auguft 6, and Sept. 
25. It is twenty miles weft-fouth-weft of London. 
CHE RUB,/, [ziiplur. Q'ma. It is fometimes written 
in the plural, improperly, cherubims.J A celeftial fpirit, 
which, in the hierarchy, is placed next in order to/he 
feraphim. See Hierarchy. All the feveral defcriptions 
which the Scripture gives us of cherubin, differ from one 
another; as they are defcribed in the fhapes of men, 
eagles, oxen, lions, and fometimes in a compofition of 
all thefe figures put together. The hieroglyphical repre- 
lentations in the embroidery upon the curtains of the Ta¬ 
bernacle, were called by Moles, Exod. xxvi. 1. cherubim 
of cunning work. CalmeL 
Heav’n’s cherubin hors’d 
Upon the fightlefs courfers of the air. 
Shall blow the horrid deed in ev’ry eye. 
That tears (hall drown the wind. Shakeffeare. 
CHERU'BIC, ad). Angelic; relating to the cherubim : 
Attentive, and with more delighted ear, 
Divine inftruCtor! I have heard, that when 
■Cherubic fongs by night from neighb’ring hills 
Aerial mufic fend. Milton. 
CHE'RUBIN, adj. Angelical: 
This fell whore of thine 
Hath in her more deltruCfion than thy fword, 
For all her cherubin look. Shakefpcare. 
To CHE'RUP, <v. n. [from cheer ; perhaps contracted 
from cheer «/>.] To chirp; to ufe a cheerful voice: 
The birds 
Frame to thy fong their cheerful chcruping ; 
Or hold their peace for fhame of thy fweet lays. Spenfer. 
CHER'VES, a town of France, in the department of 
the Charente: one league north-weft of Cognac. 
CHERVEU'X, a town of France, in the department 
of the Two Sevres, and chief place of a canton, in the 
diltriCl of St. Maixent: two leagues and a half north-eaft 
of Niort. 
CHF.R'VIL, f. See Ch/erophyllum and Scandix. 
CHE'SAPEAK, one of the largeit and fafeft bays in 
V-OL.IV. No. 207. 
CHE 409 
the United States of America, Its entrance is nearly 
eaft-north-eaft, and fouth-fouth-weft, between Cape 
Charles, hit. 37. 12. and Cape Henry, lat. 37.111 Virginia, 
twelve miles wide, and it extendsz7o miles to the north¬ 
ward, dividing Virginia and Maryland. It is from feven 
to eighteen miles broad, and generally as much as nine 
fathoms deep ; affording many commodious harbours, 
and a fafe and eafy navigation. It has many fertile 
iflands, and thele are generally along the eaft fide of the 
bay, except a few folitary ones near the weftern fhore. 
A number of navigable rivers and other ltreams empty 
into it, the chief of which are Sufquehannah, Pataufco, 
Patuxent, Potowmack, Rappahannock, and York, which 
are all large and navigable. Chefapeak bay affords many 
excellent fiflieries of herring and fhad. There are alio 
excellent crabs and oyfters. It is the refort of fwans, 
but is more particularly remarkable for a fpecies of wild 
duck, called caiwajhack, whofe flefh is entirely free from 
any fifty talle, and is admired by epicures for its rich— 
nefs and delicacy. In a commercial point of view, this 
bay is of immenfe advantage to the neighbouring Hates, 
particularly to Virginia. Of that ftate it has been 
obferved, with fome little exaggeration, however, that 
“ every planter has a river at his door.” 
CHE'SELDEN (William), an eminent Englifh furgeon 
and anatomift, born at Somerby in Leicelterfhire, in 1688,. 
He was placed, about 1703, under Cowper the celebrated 
anatomift, in whofe houle he refided ; and ftudied fur- 
gery under Mr. Feme, head lurgeon of St. Thomas’s 
nofpital (whom he afterwards lucceeded), for nineteen, 
years. In 1711 he was eleCted F. R.S. So early as the 
age of twenty-two he read lectures in anatomy ; of which 
the fyllabus -was firft printed in 1711, and afterwards an¬ 
nexed to his “ Anatomy of the human body,” printed im 
1713, 8vo. He continued his leCtures for twenty years, 
and during that period obliged the public with many cu¬ 
rious and fingular cafes, which are printed in the Philo- 
fophical Tranfaftions, the Memoirs of the academy of 
furgery at Paris, and other valuable repofitories. His 
Ofteograpliy, inferibed to queen Caroline, was publifhed 
by fublcriptian in a handfome folio, 1733 : a peeviih 
critique on which work, was printed by Dr. Douglas, in 
1735, under the title of “Remarks on that pompous 
book, the Ofteograpliy of Mr. Chefelden.” It was ani¬ 
madverted on with more candour by the famous Haller, 
who, while he pointed out what was amifs in it, yet paid 
Mr. Chefelden all the praifes he deferved. Heiller, alfo, 
in his “Compendium of Anatomy,” has donejuftice to 
his merit. In 1722, he gained linking applaufe in cut¬ 
ting for the ftone; and the year after, he publifhed his 
treatife on the high operation for the ftone. In 1729, he 
was eleCted a correfponding member of the Royal Aca¬ 
demy of Sciences at Paris; and; almoft on the inftitution. 
of the Royal Academy of Surgery in that city, 1732, 
had the honour of being the firft foreigner aflociated to 
their learned body. In 1728, he immortalized himfelf 
by giving fight to a lad near fourteen years old, who had 
been totally blmd from his birth, by the clofure of the 
iris,•'without the lea'fl opening for light in the pupil. His 
fame was now fo fully eftablifhed, that he was efteemed 
the firft man of his profeftion. He was elected head-fur- 
geon of St. Thomas’s hofpital; at St. George’s and the 
Weftminfter infirmary he was chol'en confulting lurgeon; 
and was alfo appointed principal furgeon to Queen Caro¬ 
line. Having now obtained the utmoll of his wifiies as 
to fame and fortune, he fought for that moft defirable of 
bleflings, a life of tranquillity; and found it, 1737, in the 
appointment of head-iurgeon to Chellea hofpital, which 
he held to liis death. In 1751, he was feized with a pa¬ 
ralytic ftroke, from which, to appearance, he was per¬ 
fectly recovered ; when, April 10, 1752, a hidden ftroke 
of apoplexy hurried him to the grave, at the age of 64. 
He was intimate with Pope, by whom he is often men¬ 
tioned with honour, as well as affeCtion. 
5 M 
CHE'SHAM, 
