4*0 C H E 
fined; particularly one in 1752, was the molt fevere of 
any. There are-two places, where the rocks bear traces 
of having been heated and calcined, and evident marks 
of an approaching volcano. 
CHESTERFIELD, a county of the American States, 
in South Carolina, in Cheraws diftridh, on the north Ca¬ 
rolina line. It is about thirty miles long, and tiventy- 
nine broad. 
CHESTERFIELD, a county of the American States, 
in Virginia, between James and Appamatox rivers. It 
is about thirty miles long, and twenty-five broad ; and 
contains 14,214 inhabitants. 
CHESTERFIELD Inlet, on the weft fide of Hud- 
fon’s-bay, in New South Wales, upwards of 200 miles in 
length, and from ten to thirty in breadth ; fuil of iflands. 
. CHESTER'FIELD (earl of). See Heraldry, and 
Stanhope. 
CHES'TERTOWN, a poll; town of the American 
States, and the capital of Kent county, Maryland, on 
the weft fide of Chefter river, fixteen miles fouth-weft of 
Georgetown, thirty-eight eait by fouth from Baltimore, 
and eighty-one fouth-weft of Philadelphia. It contains 
a college, court-houfe, and gaol. The college was in¬ 
corporated in 1782, by the name of Walhington. It is 
under the direction of twenty-four trullees, who are 
empowered to lupply vacancies and hold eftates, whofe 
yearly value fliall not exceed 6000I. currency. In 1787, 
it had a permanent fund of 1250I. a year fettled upon it 
by law. Lat. 39.12. N. Ion. 75. 57. W. 
CHESTNUT, f [ ebafaigne , Fr. cafatiea, Lat.] The 
fruit of the cheltnut tree : 
A woman’s tongue. 
That gives not half fo great a blow to th’ ear, 
As will a chef nut in a farmer’s fire. Sbakefpeare. 
The name of a brown colour: 
Merab’s long hair was glofly chejhiat brown. Cowley. 
CHESTNUT, f. in botany. See Fagvs. 
CHESTNUT, Horse, f. in botany. See AEsculus. 
CHE'TA, a river of Siberia, which runs into the 
Chstanga. Lat. 70.20. N. Ion. 125. 15. E. Ferro. 
CHE'TA, a river of Ruffia, which runs into the Enifei. 
Lat. 69.40. N. Ion. 103. E. Ferro. 
CHETE'CAN Head, a cape on the weft coaft of the 
ifland of Cape Breton. Lat. 46.40.N. Ion 60. 45. W. 
Greenwich. 
CHETI'MACHAS, a lake of North America, in Loui- 
fraiva, near the mouth of the Miffiftippi, twenty-four miles 
long, and nine broad. Lake de Portage, which is thir¬ 
teen miles l-ong, and one and a'half broad, communicates 
with this lake at the northern end, by a ftraita quarter 
of a mile wide. The country bordering on th tie lakes, 
is low and flat, timbered with cyprefs, live and other 
kinds of oak ; and on the eaftern fide, the land between 
it and the Chafalaya river is divided by innumerable 
ftreams, which occafion as many iflands. Some of thefie 
ft reams are navigable. A little diltance from the fouth 
eaftern ftiore of the lake Chetimachas, is an ifland where 
perfons pafling that way generally halt as a refting place. 
Nearly opposite this ifland, there is an opening which 
.leads to the fea. It is about 150 yards wide, and has fix¬ 
teen or feventeen fathom water. 
CIIET'TENHAM, a town of the American States, in 
Montgomery county, Pennfiylvania. 
CHETRAN, a town of Arabia: fix miles fouth of 
Kalaba. 
CHE'VAGE, f [ chevagium , Lat. from the Fr. chef, 
head. ] A tribute or film of money, formerly paid by fueh 
as held lands in villenage to their lords, in acknowledg¬ 
ment, and was a kind of head or poll money. Of which 
Bradion, lib. 1. cap. 10, fays thus ; Chevagium dicitur re- 
.cognitw infignionfubjeElionis & dominii de capitefuo. Lam- 
bard writes this word chivage ; but it is more properly 
chief age,: and anciently the Jews, whilft they were ad- 
s 
CHE 
milted to live in England, paid chevage or poll-money 
to the king, as appears by 8 Edvu. 1. It feems alfo to 
be ufed for a lum of money, yearly given to a man of 
power for his protedlion, as a chief head or leader: but 
Lord Coke fays, that in this fignification, it is a great 
mifprifion for a lubjedl to take fums of money, or other 
gifts yearly of any, in name of chevage, becauie they take 
upon them to be their chief heads or leaders, Co. Lit. 140. 
Spelman in v. Chevagium fays, it is a duty paid in Wales, 
pro filiabus maritandis. 
CHEVA'GNES, a town of France, in the department 
of the Allier, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrift 
of Moulins: nine miles eaft of Moulins. 
CHEVALIER',/, [chevalier, Fr.] A knight 5 a gallant 
ftrong man : 
Renowned Talbot doth expedt my aid ; 
And I am lowted by a traitor villain, 
And cannot help the noble chevalier. Sbakefpeare. 
CHEVALIER', with horfemen, is when a horfe in paf- 
faging upon a walk or trot, his far fore-leg erodes or over¬ 
laps the other fore-leg every time or motion. 
CHEVAN'CY le CHATEAU, a town of the Nether, 
lands, in the duchy of Luxemburg, about three miles 
from Montmedy. 
CHE'VAUX de Frise,/ [Fr. The lingular Ckeval de 
Erife is feldom ufed.] The Friefland horfe, which is a 
piece of timber, larger or fmaller, and travelled with 
wooden fpikes, pointed with iron, five or fix feet long; 
ufed in defending a pafiage, flopping a breach, or making 
a retrenchment to Hop the cavalry. It is alio called a 
turnpike or tourniquet. 
CHE'VEN, f. [cbevefne , Fr.] A river filh, the fame 
with chub. 
CHE'VERIL, / [ ckevereau, Fr.] A kid ; kid-leather. 
Obfolete. —O, here’s a wit of cbeveril, that ftretches from 
an inch narrow to an ell broad. Sbakefpeare. 
CHE'VERNY, a town of France, in the department 
of the Loire and Cher : leven miles fouth of Blois. 
CHEVIL'LY, a town of France : five miles fouth of 
Paris. 
CHE'VIOT HILLS, are hills in the county of North¬ 
umberland, near which was a free chace called Cheviot , 
corruptly Chevy Chace , the feat of the encounter between 
the Percies and the Douglafles, celebrated in the ancient 
popular fong: fix miles from the borders of Scotland, 
and eighteen Youth of Berwick. 
CHEVI'RE, a town of France, in the department of 
the Mayne and Loire : five miles north-weft of Bauge. 
CHE'VISANCE,/ [from cbevir, Fr. i. e. Venir a chef de 
quelque chofe, to come to the head or end of a bufineis.] 
An agreement or compofition made ; an end or order fet 
down between a creditor or debtor; or fometimes an in¬ 
direct gain in point of ulury, &c. In fome ancient lta- 
tutes it is often mentioned, and feems commonly ufed 
for an unlawful bargain or contiaft. In the flat. 13 Eliz. 
c. 7, it is ufed limply, in the fenfe explained by Dufrefne, 
for making contracts. 
CHEVREAU' (Urban), was born at Loudun, in 
France, in 1613. His inclination led him to the lludy of 
the belles lettres, in which he made fo considerable pro- 
greis, that he obtained a diftinguilhed rank among the 
learned. His application to letters however did not un¬ 
qualify him for bufinefs; for he was a man of great ad- 
drefs and knowledge of the world, and on that account 
advanced to be fecretary to Chriftina queen of Sweden. 
The king of Denmark engaged him alio at his court. 
Several German princes entertained him, and among the 
reft the elector palatine Charles Lewis, father to the 
duchefs of Orleans. At his return to Paris, he was made 
preceptor and afterwards fecretary to the duke of Mayne. 
Then lie retired to Loudun, where he died in 1701, al- 
nioft 88 years of age. He was the author of an Univerfal 
Hiftory, which Was much efteemed. 
CHEVRE'GNY, a town of France, in the department 
of 
