428 C I-I I 
it is but beginning and almoft childi/b: then its youth, 
when it is luxuriant and juvenile. Bacon.— Becoming only 
children; trifling; puerile: 
When I was yet a child, no childif) play 
To me was pleating; all my mind was fet 
Serious to learn and know. Milton. 
CHILDTSHLY, ad<v. In a childifli trifling way ; like 
a child.—Some men are of excellent judgment in their 
own profelflons, but childifhly unfldlful in any thing be- 
lides. HaynvarJ. 
CHILD'ISHNESS,/! Puerility; triflingnefs.—The ac¬ 
tions of childijhnefs, and unfafhionable carriage, time and 
age will of itlelf be lure to reform. Locke. —Harmleflnefs : 
Speak, thou, boy; 
Perhaps thy childijhnefs will move him more 
Than can our reafons. Sbakefpeare, 
CHILD'LESS, adj. Without children ; without ofF r 
fpring.—As thy fword hath made women childlefs, fo Ihall 
thy mother be childlefs among women, s Samuel. 
CIIILD'LIKE, adj. Becoming or befeeming a child.— 
Who can owe no lels than childlike obedience to her that 
hath more than motherly care. Hooker. 
CHILD'WIT, f. [Sax.] A fine or penalty of a bond- 
woman unlawfully begotten with child. Cowel lays, it 
lignifieth a powder to take a fine of your bond-woman got¬ 
ten with child without your confent: and, within the 
manor of Writtle in Com. Eflex, every reputed father of 
a bafe child pays to the lord for a fine three Ihillings and 
four-pence, where it feems to extend as well to free as to 
bond-women ; and the cuftom is there called childwit to 
to this day. See Bastard. 
CHI'LI, an extenfive country of South America, ex¬ 
tending from Peru on the north, to the country of Ma¬ 
gellan on the fouth; bounded on the eaft by immenfe 
deferts, which divide it from Paraguay and other parts 
of South America, and on the weft by the Pacific Ocean. 
The incas of Peru had prevailed upon great part of the 
inhabitants of that vaft region to fubmit to their laws, 
and were preparing to fubdue the whole, when it became 
their lot to be invaded and conquered by the Spaniards ; 
by whom it was afterwards left to invade and explore 
the country of the Chilefians.’ 
The firlt attempt of the Spaniards upon this country, 
was made by Don Diego d’Almagro, in 1535, after he 
and Pizaro had completed the conqueft of Peru. He fet 
out on his expedition to Chili with a confiderable body 
of Spaniards and auxiliary Indians. For 200 leagues he 
was well accommodated with every neceflary by the In¬ 
dians, who had been fubje6fs of the incas of Peru : but, 
reaching the barren country of Charcas, his troops be¬ 
came dilheartened through the hardlhips they fullered; 
which determined d’Almagro to climb the Cordilleras, 
in order to get the fooner into Chili; being ignorant of 
the invaluable mines of Potofi, contained in the province 
of Charcas, where he then was. The Cordilleras were 
covered with fnow, the depth of which often obliged him 
to dig his way through. The cold made fuch an impref- 
lion on his naked Indians, that it is computed no lefs 
than 10,000 of them perilhed on the mountains, 150 of 
the Spaniards {haring the fame fate; while many of the 
furvivors loft their fingers and toes through the excefs of 
cold. At laft, after encountering incredible difficulties, 
d’Amalgro reached a temperate and fertile plain, on the 
oppofite fide of the Cordilleras, where he was received 
with great kindnels by the natives. Thefe poor favages, 
taking the Spaniards for deputies of their god Virachoca, 
immediately collected for them an offering of gold and 
filver worth 290,000 ducats: and foon after brought a 
prelent to d’Almagro worth 300,000 more. Thefe offer¬ 
ings only determined him to conquer the whole country 
as foon as poflible. The Indians, among whom he now 
was, had acknowledged the authority of the Peruvian 
e hi 
incas, or emperors, and confeqnently gave d’Almagro 
no trouble. He therefore marched againft thofe who had 
never been conquered by the Peruvians, and' who inha¬ 
bited the fouthern parts of Chili. Thefe favages fought 
with great refolution, and difputed every inch of ground t 
yet in five months the Spaniards had made fuch progrefs, 
that they muft have reduced the whole province in a very 
little time, had not d’Almagro returned to Peru, in con- 
fequence of orders fent him from Spain. 
In 1540, Pizaro having overcome and put d’Almagro 
to death, fent into Chili, Baldivia or Valdivia, who had 
learned the rudiments of war in Italy, and was reckoned 
one of the beft officers in the Spanifh fervice. As he pe¬ 
netrated fouthwards, he met with much oppofition ; the 
confederated caziques frequently gave him battle, and 
difplayed great courage and refolution; but could not 
prevent him from penetrating to the valley of Mafiocho, 
which he found fertile and populous. Here lie founded the 
city of St. Jago ; and, finding gold mines in the neigh¬ 
bourhood, he forced the Indians to work in them ; at the 
fame time building a caftle for the fafety and protection 
of his new colony. The natives, exafperated at this (la- 
very, took up arms and attacked the fort. They fet fire 
to the outworks, which contained all the provifions of 
the Spaniards. Nor were they difcouraged, though they 
were defeated, but ftill continued to carry on the war 
with vigour- At laft, Valdivia, having overcome them 
in many battles, forced the inhabitants of the vale to 
fubmit; upon which he again fet them to work in the 
mines of Quilotta. This redoubled the fury of thofe who 
remained at liberty. Their utmoft efforts, however, were 
as yet unable to flop Valdivia’s progrefs. Having crofted 
the large rivers Maulle and Hata, he traverfed a vaft 
traCt of country, and founded the city La Conception on 
the South Sea coaft. He ereCted fortreffes in feveral parts 
of the country, in order to keep the natives in awe; and 
built the city called Imperial, about forty leagues to the 
fouthward of Conception. The Spanifh writers fay, that 
the neighbouring valley contained 80,000 inhabitants of 
a peaceable difpofition, who fuflered Valdivia to parcel 
out their lands among his followers. About fixteen leagues 
to the eaftward of Imperial, the Spanifh general laid the 
foundations of the city Villa Rica, fo called on account 
of the gold mines he found there. But his ambition and 
avarice had now involved him in difficulties from which 
he could never be extricated : he had extended his con- 
quefts beyond what his ftrength was capahle of maintain¬ 
ing. The Chilefians were ftill as defirous as ever of re¬ 
covering their liberties. The horfes, fire-arms, and ar¬ 
mour, of the Spaniards, at firft appeared dreadful to them j 
but in the courfe of the war they had difcovered, that 
Spaniards were vulnerable and mortal men like them- 
felves ; they hoped, therefore, by dint of their fupe- 
riority in numbers, to be able to expel the ufurpers. 
They role to a man, and chofe Capaulican, a renowned 
chief, for their leader. Valdivia received notice of their 
revolt fooner than they intended he fhould ; but, before 
he could march to oppofe them, 14,000 of the Chilefians 
were affembled under Capaulican. He attacked them 
with his cavalry, and forced them to retreat into the 
woods ; but could not obtain a complete victory, as they 
kept continually fallying out and haraffing his rear. At 
laft Capaulican, having obferved that fighting with fuch 
a number of undilciplined troops only ferved to contri¬ 
bute to the defeat and confufion of the whole, he divided 
his forces into bodies of xooo each. Thefe he directed 
to attack the enemy by turns; and, though he did not 
expeCt that a Angle thoufand would put them to flight, 
yet he enjoined them to make as long a Hand as they 
could ; when they were to be relieved and fupported by 
another body ; and thus the Spaniards would be at laft 
wearied out and overcome. The event fully anfvvered his 
expectations. The Chilefians maintained a fight for feven 
or eight hours, until the Spaniards, growing faint, retired 
precipitately,, 
