432 CHI 
ent names for this chimera, which occafions much confu- 
lion in the accounts of various authors. It is of a clear 
filver colour on the belly, clouded or mottled with' 
brown on the back and fides, which has gained it the 
name of filver-fifh among the Norwegians ; they call it 
alfo gold-fifh, filver lea-dog, gold haddock, &c. The 
anus lies between the ventral fins ; the tail is as long as 
the body, and as it ends very taper and thin, it has occa- 
iioned another appellation among the Norwegians, name¬ 
ly, fea-rat , The pectoral fins are large, the ventrals 
fmall; the fecond and third dorfals narrow; the firlt 
dorfal is of a triangular fliape, lecured by a veiy ltrong 
fpine, which is lerrated inwards, and forms the generic- 
character: the lecond begins near to the firft, and is ve¬ 
ry long ; the third is oppofite to the anal fin. All the 
fins are of a brown colour. La Cepede obferves, that 
the intervals 'between the three dorfal fins are lb very 
fmall as fometimes not to be fufceptible, fo that he conft- 
ders this fpecies as having properly but one dorfal fin. 
This fpecies is found in the North Sea ; four feet in 
length, and one in circumference, are the ufual dimen- 
lions ; it lives moftly on (liell-filli, which are found tritu¬ 
rated in the ltomach. It is caught in nets when filhfug 
for the cod ; but it is not uled for food, becaufe the fielh 
is rank and hard. The Norwegians make cakes with the 
eggs ; and they extraft oil from the liver, which they 
uie in diforders of the eyes, and as a balfam for wounds. 
This extraordinary animal rarely approaches thelhore; 
the feafon of coupling is almolt the only time it quits the 
main ocean ; it generally remains in deep water, and 
1’eldom riles to the furface but by night, as its large ten¬ 
der eyes cannot endure the light of the day reflefted from 
■mountains of ice: Yet it has been leen to attack and 
purfiue the innumerable Ihoals of herrings which appear in 
the North Sea at certain l'eafons of the year, and to devour 
numbers of them. 
The ltomach is long and round, and the inteltinal ca¬ 
nal fhort and broad. Infide the navel, in the females, 
there is an aperture to each matrix; the matrices com¬ 
municate with the ovaries by means of the ovidudls. 
Before the ventral fins in the males are two appendices, 
or clai’pers, with nails, to confine the female in the a£l of 
copulation. The chimera couples therefore like the 
fharks and the rays ; the eggs are fecundated in the body 
of the female, and are probably molt frequently hatched 
there, as in thofe rifh : but what is molt worthy of re¬ 
mark, and which fhewsthe connection between this clais 
of fillies and the ferpent-kind, is, that, differing from all 
the finny race hitherto known, eggs appear to be fecun¬ 
dated during aCtual and clofe contact, and by real 
intromillion. Several authors have written that the male 
has a kind of double penis; and certain it is that 
the female has a double aperture within the navel, 
which communicate with a double matrix, and fepa- 
rate ovidufts: if this double aperture Ihould have any 
oher office than that of receiving the male organ, it 
will ffiew that this extraordinary animal is Hill farther 
removed from the ufual conformation of the female of 
fillies in general. 
2. Chimera callorhinchus, the antarftic chimera; the 
fpecific character of wliichis a long appendage to the muz- 
,zle. This fpecies, which inhabits the fouthern hemif- 
phere, particularly the feas round the coall of Chili and 
of New Holland, has much refiemblance, in its habits and 
conformation, to ttie preceding fpecies ; yet it differs in 
many particulars, as appears from an individual which 
was a female brought from South America by Dombey. 
The filament of the tail is Ihorter, and the three dorial 
fins are quite diltinCt. The lateral line is but juft dif- 
cernible; and the branches from it which run about the 
head, are not hollowed out in furrows, nor diipoled in 
the fame manner as the preceding. But the principal 
and fpecific diftinCtion is, that the end of the lhout, or 
rather the upper lip, terminates in a cartilaginous ap¬ 
pendage, which comes out in front, and then bends in 
C H I 
towards the mouth. This production, which fome have 
fancied to referable a cock’s comb, lias gained it the 
name cock-jifh ; while others have compared it to a trunk, 
and hence named it the elephant-fijh. This is wholly of 
a filvery colour, unclouded with any kind of itripes or 
fpots. Its flefli is infipid, but it is fometimes eaten; it 
grows about three feet long. 
CHIMAR/RHIS, f [lb named by Jacquin, ceiro rou 
Xtiputfov, becaule it ufually grows by torrents.] In bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order monogynia. 
The generic characters are—Calyx : perianth margin en¬ 
tire, crowning the germ, permanent. Corolla : one-pe- 
talled, funnel-form; tube very ffiort; border five-cleft; 
fegments ianceolate, concave, blunt, hirfute below with 
a longitudinal line running along the middle, and lpread- 
ing. Stamina; filaments five, Tubulate, hiriute at the 
bale, below the divifions of the border, the length of 
the corolla; anthers oval, ereCt. Piftillum : germ round- 
iffi> inferior; ltyle filiform, the length of the ftamens; 
ftigma bifid, obtufe. Pericarpium : capfule fubovate, 
obtufe, crowned, two-celled, two-valved; the valves 
bifid at the tip ; feeds folitary.— EJjfentialCharaBer. Co¬ 
rolla : funnel-form, with a very ffiort tube; capfule in¬ 
ferior, obtule, two-celled, two-valved, the valves bifid at 
the tip ; feed one in each cell. 
But one lpecies, chimarrhis cymofa. It is a lofty tree, 
with a handfome head, and the boughs fpreading out 
horizontally. Leaves ovate, acuminate at both°ends, 
quite entire, fhining, petioled, oppofite, a foot long, 
commonly eight or ten at the end of each twig. Flow¬ 
ers numerous, fmall, with white corollas, and without 
Icent, difpofed in cyinole racemes half a foot in diame¬ 
ter;- thofe in the axils oppofite and folitary, thofe at the 
end ulually four together. Capfules iinall. Wood 
white and ufed for beams, rafters. &c. It is called in. 
Martinico, where it is common, hois de riviere. 
CHIMAY 7 , a town of the Netherlands, in the county 
of Hainaut, often ruined by wars, and as often rebuilt. 
It was ceded to France by the treaty of Ratffbon, in 
1684, and reftoredto the Spaniards by the peace of Ryfi- 
wick; near it are mines of iron, with founderies and 
forges : ten polls and a half eaft-north-eaft of Cambray, 
and fifteen and a half fouth-eaft of Lille. 
CHIIVF.BE, a town of South America, and capital of 
a jurildiftion, in the province of Quito. The town 
contains about eighty families, Spaniards and Indians, 
and the whole diltririt about 800 inhabitants. 
CHIMBORA'ZO, in the province of Quito, in South 
America, is the highell point of the Andes, and the 
highelt mountain as yet known in the world ; being, 
according to Condamine, 19,200 feet; according to 
others, 20.60S feet, above the level of the lea. It lies 
nearly under the line, being in 1.41.40. S. lat. yet its 
fmfimit is covered with ice and fnow, and the country is 
often pierced with intolerable cold and cutting winds. 
CHIME, f. \jiime , Dutch.] The end of a barrel ortub. 
CHIME, ]'. [The original of this w'ord is doubtful. 
Junius and Minlhew fuppofe it corrupted from cimbal ; 
Skinner from gamme, or gamut ; Henlhaw from chia- 
raare, io call, becaufe the chime calls to church. Per¬ 
haps it is only foftened from chirme or churm, an old 
word for the found of many voices, or inllruments mak¬ 
ing a noife together.] The confonant or harmonic 
found of many correfpondent inllruments : 
The found 
Of inllruments, that made melodious chime, 
Was heard of harp and organ. Milton. 
The correfpondence of found : 
Love firft invented verfe, and form’d the rhyme,- 
The motion meafur’d, harmoniz’d the chime. Drjden. 
The found of bells, not rung by ropes, but ftruck with 
hammers. In this fenfe it is always ufed in the plural, 
(himes. See the article Clock. 
To 
