C H I 
C H I 
*1 o CHIME, rj. n. To found in harmony or confonance : 
To make the rough recital aptly chime , 
Or bring the fum of Gallia’s lols to rhime. Prior. 
To correspond in relation or proportion.—Father and 
fort, hufband and wife, and fuch other correlative 
terms, do belong one to another; and, through cuftom, 
do readily chime , and anfwer one another, in people’s 
memories. Locke. —To agree; to fall in with.—He not 
only fat quietly and heard his father railed at, but often 
chimed in with the difcourfe. Arb'uthnot. —To fuit with, 
to agree.—Any fed, whofe reafonings, interpretation, 
and language, I have been ufed to, will, of courfe, make 
eW-chime that way. Locke. —To jingle; to clatter. 
But with the meaner tribe I’m forc’d to chime. 
And, wanting ftrength to rife, defcend to rhyme. Smith. 
To CHIME, <v. a. To ftrike a bell with a hammer. 
To move, or ftrike, or caufe to found harmonically., or 
with juft confonancy: 
With lifted arms they order ev’ry blow, 
And chime their founding hammers in a row : 
With labour’d anvils ALtna groans below. Dryden. 
CHIMEPANIPES'TICK, a river of Canada, which 
runs into the river.St. Laurence. Lat. 50. 5. N. Ion. 61. 
25. W. Greenwich. 
CHIME'RA, f [Chitnara , Lat.] A vain and wild 
fancy, as remote from reality as the exiftence of the po¬ 
etical Chimaera, above defcribed: 
In fhort, the force of dreams is of a piece, 
Chimeras all, and more abfurd, or lefs. Dryden. 
CHIME'RA, a town and fortrefs of European Tur¬ 
key, capital of a diftriCt, in the province of Abania, fi- 
tuated on a rock near the fea coaft, oppoiite the ifland of 
Corfu: eighteen miles fouth of Valona. Lat. 40. N. 
Ion. 36.48. E. Ferro. 
CHIME'RICAL, adj. [from chimera.'] Imaginary; 
fanciful; wildly, vainly, orfantaftically, conceived ; fan- 
taftic.—Notwithftanding the finenefs of this allegory 
may atone for it in fome meafure, I cannot think that 
perfons of fuch a chimerical exiftence are proper actors in 
an epic poem. Spectator. 
CHIME'RICALLY, ad-v. [from chimerical.] Vainly; 
wildly; fantaftically. 
CHI'MIN, f. [ chetnin , Fr.] In law, road or way ; which 
is of two forts ; the king’s highway, and a private way. 
The king’s highway, (cbiminus regius,) is that in which 
the king’s fubje&s, and all others under his protection, 
have fi ee liberty to pafs; though the property of the 
foil where the way lies belongs to fome private perfon. 
A private way is that in which one man or more have 
liberty to pafs, through the ground of another, by pre- 
.fcription or charter; and this is divided into chimin in 
grofs, and chimin appendant. Chimin in grofs, is where 
a perfon holds a way principally and folely in itfelf. Chi¬ 
min appendant, is that way which a man hath as appur¬ 
tenant to fome other thing : as if he rent a clofe or paf- 
ture, with covenant for ingrefs and egrefs through fome 
other ground in which otherwife he might not pafs. 
Kitch. 117. Co. Lit. 56. See Highway, Trespass, &c. 
CHI'MINAGE,/. [ chiminagium , Lat.] Toll due by cuf¬ 
tom for having a way through a foreft; and in ancient 
records it is fometimes called pedagium. Co. Lit. 56. 
CHIM'NEY, f. [ cheminee , Fr.] The paflage through 
which the fmoke afcends from the fire in houfes: 
Chimnies with fcorn rejecting fmoke. Swift. 
The turret raifed above the roof of the houfe, for con- 
veyance'of the fmoke: 
The night has been unruly ; where we lay, 
Our chimnies were blown down. Shakefpeare. 
The fire-place.—The fire, which the Chaldeans worfhip- 
ped for a god, is crept into every man’s chimney, Raleigh. 
Vol. IV. No. 209. 6 ' 
433 
Notwithftanding the high perfeflion to which the 
Greeks and Romans had carried their improvements in 
architecture, it does not appear, from the refearches of 
profeffor Beckmann, that either of thefe claflical nations 
were acquainted with the conflruCtion of chimneys. 
This valuable improvement in the comforts and conve¬ 
niences of dwelling-houfes, did not take place much 
earlier than the thirteenth century. Previous to that 
time, it feems that the fmoke iffued from rooms wherein 
fires were kindled, either through pipes or apertures in 
the roofs or walls ; and which, from the fimilarity of their 
ufe, appear to have been confounded with the more mo¬ 
dern term chimney. It fhould feera that both the Greek 
and Roman kitchens were ufually detached from their 
dwelling-houfes, and w-ere conftru&ed either fquare or 
round, with covered roofs, terminating in a hole or flue 
in the centre, and fometimes with holes or flues in the 
walls all round ; fo that the fmoke might be carried off in 
whatever direction the wind blew. The fire-place w’as 
in the centre, in the fame manner as in the military or 
camp kitchens, admitting of many diftinCt fires, round 
which the fervants and cooks couid walk without diffi¬ 
culty or impediment. Hence the directions we find given 
by Columella, to build their kitchens fo high that the 
roofs may not catch fire, was a precaution of the utmoft 
importance. Had there been chimneys in the Roman 
houfes, Vitruvius certainly would not have failed to de- 
fcribe their conflruCtion, which is fometimes attended- 
with confiderable difficulties, and which is intimately 
connected with the regulation of the plan of the whole 
edifice. He does not, however, fay a word on this fub- 
jeCt; neither does Julius Pollux, who has collected with 
great care the Greek names of every part of a dwelling- 
lroufe; and Grapaldus, who in latter times made a like 
collection of the Latin terms, has not given a Latin word 
expreftive of a modern chimney. And we might add, 
that in the late elegant and elaborate work of Stuart and 
Revett, there is not, among all their collections of the 
remains of the ancient buildings at Athens, the fihalleft 
traces or mention of a chimney. 
The complaints often made by the ancients refpeCting 
fmoke, ferve alfo to confirm the opinion that they had 
no chimneys. Vitruvius, where he fpeaks of ornament¬ 
ing and fitting-up apartments, fays exprefsly, that there 
ought to be no carved work or mouldings, but plain cor¬ 
nices, ip rooms where fire is made and many lights burn¬ 
ed, becaufe they will foon be covered with foot, and will 
therefore require to be often cleaned. On the other hand, 
he allows carving in fummer apartments, where the ef¬ 
fects of fmoke are not to be apprehended. And, howe¬ 
ver imperfeCt may be the information which can be col¬ 
lected from the Greek and Roman authors refpeCting the 
manner in which the ancients warmed their apartments, 
it neverthelefs fhews that they commonly ufed for that 
purpofe a large brazier or portable Hove, in which they 
kindled their fires, or filled them with live coals. As in 
Perfia, and other countries of the eaft, no ftoves made in 
the European manner are ufed at p refen t; and as it is 
certain that the manners, cuftoms, and furniture, of the 
early ages have been retained there almoft without va¬ 
riation, we have reafon to fuppofe that the methods em¬ 
ployed by the inhabitants for warming themfelves, are 
the fame as thofe ufed by the ancients. They agree per¬ 
fectly with the defcriptions given by the Greek and Ro¬ 
man authors, and ferve in fome meafure to illuftrate 
them. We fhall therefore infert the account given by 
De la Valle, as it is the cleareft and moft to the purpofe. 
“The Perfians,” fays he, “make fires in their apart¬ 
ments, not in chimneys as we do, but in ftoves in the 
earth, which they call tennor. Thefe ftoves confift of a 
fquare or round hole, two lpans or a little more in depth, 
and in fhape not unlike an Italian calk. That this hole 
may throw out heat fooner, and with more ftrength, 
there is placed in it an iron veffelof the fame fize, which 
is either filled with burning coals, or a fire of wood and 
5 S other 
