C H I 
be Tent by an engine dire£tly to the fpot on which it is - 
•wanted, or where the flames are moll violent, and thrown 
in the form of a copious (hower on the burning- matter. 
This is confefledly an ingenious device, but not likely, 
we conceive, to be put in practice. 
CHIM''NEY, a town of the bland of Ceylon : ninety- 
four miles fouth-eaft of Cauda. 
CHIM'NEY-MONEY, otherwife called hearth-money , 
A duty to the crown impofed by flat. 14. Car. 2. cap 2. of 
as. for every hearth in a houfe ; but long fince repealed. 
CHIM'NEY-PIECE, f. The ornamental piece of wood 
or Hone, that is fet round or oyer the fire-place. 
CHIM'NEY- SWEEPER, /. One whole trade it is to 
clean foul chimneys of the foot: 
The little chwincy-fvjeeper llalks along, 
And marks with looty Itains the heedlefs throng. Gay. 
Our prefent exifting laws with refpect to chimney-fweep- 
ers, are as follow: By flat. 28 Geo. 3. c. 48. churchwar¬ 
dens and overfeers, with the content of two juftices, may 
bind boys of eight years old or upwards; and who, 
themfelves or their parents are chargeable to the parilh, 
or who lhall beg; or with the confent of their parents j 
to be apprentices to chimney-iweepers until they are fix- 
teen years old. The form of the indenture is fettled by 
a fchedule annexed to the flatute. In that the mailer 
covenants to find the bey with decent cloathing ; to per¬ 
mit him to attend public worflrip; and to oblerve the lla- 
tute in the leveral particulars mentioned. All other in¬ 
dentures and agreements are' delated void; and any 
chimney-fweeper keeping an apprentice under eight 
years old is to forfeit not more than jol. nor lefs than 
5I. for each. One juftice is authorifed to fettle all com¬ 
plaints of ill ulage by the mailers, or ill behaviour in .the 
boys. No cbimney-fweeper lhall keep more than fix ap¬ 
prentices at once; the mailer’s name and place of abode 
are to be inferibed on a brafs plate in the front of a lea¬ 
thern cap to be provided by the mailer for each appren¬ 
tice, to be worn by the boy when on duty. For every 
apprentice above fix, and for neglecting to provide their 
caps, the mailer is to forfeit not exceeding 10I. nor lefs 
than 5I. If the mailer lhall mis-ule or evil-treat his ap¬ 
prentice, or be guilty of the breach of any of the cove¬ 
nants in his indenture, he lhall forfeit, not more than 
jol. nor lels than 5I. The flatute containing the fore¬ 
going and other humane regulations, was obtained by 
the exertions of the benevolent Mr. Jonas Hanway ; to 
whom the public and the poor are indebted for many 
laudable charities. 
CHIMPAN'ZEE,/. a fpecies of ape. See SlMlA. 
CHIN,/ [cinne, Sax. kinn, Germ.] The part of the 
face beneath the under lip.—All the words I could get 
of her, was wrything her waill, and thrufting out her 
chin. Sydney. 
CHl'NA, the moll powerful and extenfive empire on 
the continent of Afia, called by the Chinefe Tchong-koue , 
or The Middle Kingdom. The Wellern Moguls called 
it Catay ; the Mantchew Tartars, Nican-courou ; the Ja- 
panele, Thau-, and the people of Cochin-china and Siam, 
Cin. It is probably from this lall appellation that the 
word China is derived. The Chinefe hiltory relates, that 
the firlt imperial family who carried their arms towards 
the weft, aflumed the name of Tfin, or Tai-tfin. The 
armament, which the emperor Tfin-chi-hoangfent as far 
as Bengal, mull have made the people of India acquainted 
with the name of Tfin, whofe formidable power had been 
felt at fo great a diftance. This name, palling afterwards 
from India to Perfia and Egypt, might perhaps reach Eu¬ 
rope. This is the mo.lt probable account we can give of 
the origin of the name by which this vail empire is ge¬ 
nerally-known. China, properly lb called, comprehends 
from north to fouth eighteen degrees; its extent from 
eaft to weft is fomewhat lels. The adjacent countries fub- 
jeblecl to the Cbinele government, fuck as the Iflands of 
Haman and Formola, Leatong and Tartary, are not in- 
C H I 435 
eluded iu this eftimation ; for, if we reckon from the 
moll fouthern point of the ifland of Hainan, to the nor¬ 
thern extremity of Tartary, which is under the dominion 
of the emperor of China, we lhall find that the territories 
of this prince are more than 900 leagues in extent from 
north to fouth, and about 1500 from eaft to well, reck¬ 
oning from the Ealtern Sea as far .as the country of Cafg- 
har, conquered by the Chinefe in 1759. China is bounded 
on the north by Tartary, from which it is feparated by 
the great wall, 500 leagues in length ; on the eaft by the 
Indian ocean ; on the weft by lofty mountains and de¬ 
ficits ; and towards the fouth by the ocean, the kingdoms 
or Tong-king, Laos, and Cochin-china. It is divided 
into fifteen provinces; which are Pe-tcheli, Kiang-nan, 
Kiang-fi, Fo-kien, Tche-kiang, Hou-quang, Ho-nan, 
Chan-tong, Chan-fi, Shen-fi, Se-tchuen, Quang-tong, 
Quang-fi, Yun-nan, and Koei-tchou. Each of thefe pro¬ 
vinces is deferibed, from the latefl accounts of them, 
under its refpeftive name, in the alphabetical arrangement 
of this work. 
The Chinefe empire is of fucli antiquity and extent, 
the laws and cultoms of the people fo lingular, and the 
populoufnefs of the country fo great, that ever fince the 
13th century, when it was vifited by Marco Paulo the 
Venetian traveller, it has defervedly attracted the notice 
and enquiry of many eminent European hiltorians. Every 
nation feems more or lefs inclined to aflume to itfelf too 
high an antiquity; but in this refpeft the Chinefe have 
exceeded all realonable bounds, contending that their 
firll emperor was the firfl human being created upon the 
earth, and that from- his progenitors the whole world 
was peopled. It feems indeed admitted, that no nation is 
more exact in keeping records of every memorable tran- 
fiaCtion, than that of the .Chinefe; yet fuch is the genius 
of this people for fuperlljtion and fable, that they have 
converted every legendary tale of their anceftors into re¬ 
ligious tenets, which they hold in the higheft veneration. 
What contributes molt to the uncertainty of their early 
hiltory is, that about 213 years before Chrilt, the then 
reigning emperor caufed all the books in the empire to 
be burnt, except thole written by lawyers and phyficians. 
And the more effectually to deltroy the memory of every 
thing contained in them, he commanded a great number 
of learned men to be buried alive, left from their me¬ 
mories, they (hould commit to writing fomething of the 
true origin of the empire. The inaccuracy of the Chi- 
nefe annals is complained of even by their moll refpeCted 
author Confucius, who alio affirms, that before his time 
many of the oldelt records had been deltroyed. 
According to the legendary accounts of the Chinefe 
hiltorians, the firll monarch of China was called Puon-ku. 
This, according to fome, fignifies the firll man ; but ac¬ 
cording to Bayer and Menzelius, two very able critics in 
Chinefe literature, the term implies Amply the higheji an¬ 
tiquity. Puon ku was fucceeded by T iene-hoang, which 
denotes the emperor of heaven. They call him alfo the 
intelligent heaven, the fupreme king of the middle hea¬ 
ven, &c. According to fome of their hiltorians, he was 
the inventor of letters, and of the cyclic characters by 
which they determine the place of the year, and calculate 
their time. Tiene-hoang was fucceeded byTi-hoang (the 
emperor of the earth), who firll divided the day and 
night, appointed thirty days to make one moon, and fixed 
the winter folltice to the nth moon. Ti-hoang was fuc¬ 
ceeded by Gine-hoang (fovereign of men), who with his 
nine brothers ffiared the government among them. They 
built cities, and furrounded them with walls; made a 
diftinCtion between the lbvere.ign and liibjeCts ; inftituted 
marriage, &c. The reigns of t.hefe four emperors make up 
one of what the Chinefe called ki, ages or periods, of which 
there were nine before Fohi, whom their moll learned, 
people acknowledge to be the founder of their empire. 
The hiltory of the fecond ki contradicts almolt every 
thing faid of the firlt; for though we have but juft now 
been told that Gine hoang and his brethren built cities 
furrounded 
