C H I 
■with his conquell, gave the name of Kin to his new do¬ 
minion, and a (Fumed the title of emperor. Irle then in¬ 
vaded the provinces of Pe-tche-li and Shen-fi, and made 
himfelf mailer of the greater part of them. Whey-tfong, 
finding himfelf in.danger of lofing his dominions, made 
feveral propofals to the Tartar ; who, feeming to comply 
with them, invited him to come and fettle matters by a 
perfonal conference. The Chinefe monarch complied; 
but, on his arrival, he was l'eized by the Tartar, and kept 
a prifoner during the remaining part of his life, which 
ended in 1126, in the defert of Shamo, having nominated 
his elded l'on Kin-tfong to fucceed him. 
The Kin Tartars in the mean time purfued their con- 
queds without oppofition : they eroded the Yellow River, 
and marching direftly towards the imperial city, took 
and plundered it. Then feizing the emperor and his 
confort, they carried them away captives : but many of 
the principal inhabitants, preferring death to an igno¬ 
minious bondage, killed themfelves. The Kin being in¬ 
formed by the emprefs Meng that die had been divorced, 
they left her behind. This proved the means of faving 
the empire; for, by her wildom and prudence, five got the 
crown placed on the head of Kau-tfong, ninth fon of the 
late emperor. Kau-tfong fixed his court at Nanking, 
but foon after was obliged to remove it. He made feve¬ 
ral efforts to recover fome of his provinces from the Kin, 
but without effeft. Iii-tfong, the Kin monarch, in"the 
mean time endeavoured to gain the elteem of his new 
Chinefe lubjefts, by paying a regard to learning and 
learned men, and honouring the memory of Confucius. 
Some time after, he advanced to Nanking, and took it: 
but receiving advice that the general of the fouthern 
Chinele was advancing to the relief of that city, they let 
fire to the palace, and retired northward. In a few years 
afterwards the Chinefe emperor fubmitted to become tri¬ 
butary to the Kin Tartars, and concluded a peace with 
them. 
From this time to the year 1210, nothing remarkable 
occurs in the Chinefe Hillory ; but this year the famous 
jenghiz-khan, chief of the weflern Tartars or Moguls, 
quarrelled with Yong-tfi, emperor of the Kin; and at 
the fame time the king of Hya, difgufted at being refufed 
affillance againft Jenghiz-khan, threatened him with an 
invafion 011 the wellern fide. Yong-tfi prepared for his 
defence; but, in 1211, receiving news that Jenghiz-khan 
was advancing fouthward with his whole army, he was 
feized with fear, and made propofals of peace, which 
were rejefted. In 1212, the Mogul generals forced the 
great wail; or, according to fome writers, had one of 
the gates treacheroufly opened to them, and made incur- 
fions as far as Peking, the capital of the Kin empire. In 
autumn they laid fiege to the city of Tay-tong-l u, where 
Jenghiz-kJian met with confiderable refinance. Having 
loll a number of men, and being himfelf wounded by an 
arrow, he was obliged to raife the liege and retire into 
Tartary , after which the Kiri re-took feveral cities. The 
next year, however, Jenghiz-khan re-entered China; re¬ 
took the cities which the Kin had reduced the year be¬ 
fore ; and overthrew their armies in two defperate battles, 
in one of which the ground was ftrewed with dead bodies 
for upwards of four leagues. 
In 1 224, the Kin emperor died ; and was fucceeded by 
his fon Shew, who made peace with the king of Hya: 
but next year that kingdom was entirely deltrayed by 
Jenghiz-khan. In 1226, Oktay, fon to Jenghiz-khan, 
marched, into Honan, and befieged Kay-fong-fu, capital 
of the Kin empire; but was obliged to-withdraw into 
Shen-fi, where he took feveral cities, and cut in pieces 
an army of 30,000 men. In 1227, Jenghiz-khan died, 
after having defired his fons, Oktay and Toley, to purfue 
his conquelts. After the death of that great emperor, 
the war was carried on with various fucceis ; but though 
the Moguls took above fixty important polls in the pro¬ 
vince of Shen-fi, they found it impofiible to force Ton- 
quan, which it was neceflkry for them to do, in order to 
N A. 439 
penetrate into Honan. In April, 1231, they took the ca¬ 
pital of Shen-fi, and defeated the Kin army which came 
to its relief.. Here one of the officers defired prince To¬ 
ley to demand a paflage from the Song through the coun¬ 
try of Han-cliong-fu. This propolal Toley communi¬ 
cated to his brother Oktay, who approved of it as being 
conformable to the dying advice of their father. Here¬ 
upon Toley, having afiembled all his forces, fent a mef- 
fenger to the Song generals to demand a paflage through 
their territories. This they not only refufed, but put the 
meflenger to death ; which fo enraged Toley, that he 
forced the paflages, and put to the fword the inhabitants 
of two cities in the dill rift of Han-chong-fu. Then hav¬ 
ing cut down rocks to fill up deep abyfles, and made 
roads through places almoft. inacceffible, he at length 
came and befieged the city of Han-chong-fu. The in¬ 
habitants fled to the mountains on his approach, and 
more than 100,000 of them perifhed. After this, Toley 
divided his forces, confining of 30,000 horfe, into two 
bodies. One of thefe went wellward to Myen-chew , 
from thence, after opening the paflages of the mountains, 
they arrived at the river Kyaling. This they eroded on 
rafts; and then, marching along its banks, dellroyed 
more than 140 cities, towns, or fortrefles, before they re¬ 
turned to the army. On the other fide, Oktay advanced 
towards Pu-.chew, a city of Shan-fi ; which being taken 
after a vigorous defence, he prepared to pnfs the Yel¬ 
low River. Toley, after furmounting incredible diffi¬ 
culties, arrived on the borders of Honan, and made a 
fhew as if he defigned to attack the capital of the Kin 
empire. On his appearance in. Honan, through a paflage 
fo little fufpefted, every body was filled with terror and 
confternation ; fo that he proceeded for fome time with¬ 
out oppofition. At lalt the emperor ordered his generals, 
Hota, Ilapua, and others, to march againll him. Toley 
boldly attacked them ; but was obliged to retire, which 
he did in good order. 
In January 1232, Oktay encamped in the diftrift of 
Kay-fong-fu, capital of the Kin empire, and fent his ge¬ 
neral Suputay to hefiege the city. At that time the place- 
was near thirty miles in circumference : but having only 
40,000 foldiers to defend it, as many more from the neigh¬ 
bouring cities, and 20,000 peafants, were ordered into it; 
while the emperor publifhed an affefting declaration, ani¬ 
mating the people to defend it to the lalt extremity, Ok¬ 
tay, having heard with joy of his brother Toley’s entrance 
into Honan, ordered him to fend fuccours to Suputay. 
On the other hand, the Kin generals advanced with 
150,000 men to relieve the city; but being obliged to 
divide their forces in order to avoid in part the great 
road which Toley had obdrufted with trees, they were 
attacked by that prince at a difadvantage, and after a 
faint refillance, defeated with great (laughter, and the 
lofs of both their generals, one killed and the other taken. 
The emperor now ordered the army at all the fortified 
places to march to the relief of Kay-fong-fu. They af- 
fembled accordingly, to the number of 110,000 foot and 
15,000 horfe ; and were followed by vail numbers of peo¬ 
ple, who expefted by their means to be protefted from 
the enemy. But many of thefe troops having deferted; 
and the reft being enfeebled by the fatigues of their 
march, they dil’perfed on the approach of their purfuers, 
who killed all they found in the highways. After this 
the Moguls took Ton-quan, and fome other confi¬ 
derable polls; but were obliged to raife the fiege of 
L.oyang, by.the bravery of the governor. Kyang-fhin, 
governor of Loyang, had only three or 4000 foldiers un¬ 
der him, while his enemies were 30,000 ftrong. He placed 
his worfl foldiers on the walls, putting himfelf at the 
head of 400 brave men; whom he ordered to go naked, 
and whom he led to all dangerous attacks. He invented 
engines to call large Hones, which required but few hands 
to play them, and aimed fo true as to hit at 100 paces 
dillance. When their arrows failed, he cut tliofe (hot 
by the enemy into four pieces j pointed them with pieces- 
of 
