440 C H 
of brafs coin ; and difcharged them from wooden tubes 
with almofl as much force as bullets from a mufket. Thu$ 
he harafled the Moguls for three months fo grievoufly, 
that they were obliged, notwithftanding .their numbers, 
to abandon the enterprize. 
Oktay, at laft, notwithftanding his fucceffes, refolved 
to return to Tartary; and offered the Kin emperor peace, 
provided he became tributary, and delivered up to him 
twenty-feven families which he named. Thefe offers were 
very agreeable to the emperor, and a peace was concluded. 
But, in afhorttime,twounlucky accidents occafioned a re¬ 
newal of the war, which put an end to the empire of the 
Kin Tartars. Gan-yong, a young Mogul lord, having af- 
fumed the government of fome cities in Kyang-nan, and 
killed the officer lent to take pofteffionof them, declared for 
the Kin. The emperor unwarily took Gan-yong into his 
fervice, and gave him the title of Prince. Upon this Ok¬ 
tay lent an envoy, attended by thirty other perfons, to 
inquire into the affair; but the Kin officers killed them 
all, without being punilhed by the emperor. Suputay, 
having informed his matter of all thefe proceedings, was 
ordered to continue the war in Honan. Shew-fu now 
commanded his officers to unite their troops for the de¬ 
fence of the capital; but, before his orders could be obey¬ 
ed, they were attacked and defeated by the Moguls. This 
obliged him to raife foldiers from among the peafants, 
for whofe fubfillence the people were taxed three-tenths of 
the rice they polfeffed. The city began now to be diftrefled 
for want of provifions; and as it was but in a bad pollute 
of defence, the emperor marched with an army againft the 
Moguls. His expedition proved unfortunate ; for, fend¬ 
ing part of his army to befiege a city called Whychew, 
it was totally cut in pieces, and Suputay a fecond time 
fat down before the capital, which was foon after de¬ 
livered up by treachery, and Suputay put all the males 
of the imperial race to death ; but, by the exprefs com¬ 
mand of Oktay, he fpared the inhabitants, who are faid 
to have amounted to 1,400,000 families. The unhappy 
monarch now retired to Juning-fu, a city in the fouthern 
part of Honan, attended only by 400 perfons. Here he 
flattered himfelf with the vain hopes of being in fafety ; 
but the enemy’s army foon arrived before the city, and 
invefted it. The garrifon were terrified at their approach^ 
but were encouraged by the emperor, and his brave ge¬ 
neral Hu-fye-hu, to hold out to the laft. As there was 
not in the city a fufficient number of men, the tvomen, 
drelfed in men’s clothes, were employed to carry wood, 
Hones, and other necelfary materials, to the walls. All 
their efforts, however, were ineffectual. They were re¬ 
duced to fuch extremities, that for three months they fed 
on human flefhj killing the old and feeble, as well as 
many prifoners, for food. This being known to the Mo¬ 
guls, they made a general affault in January 1234. The 
attack continued from morning till night, when the af- 
failants were repulfed. In this aftion, however, the Kin 
loft all their belt officers; upon which the emperor re- 
figned the crown to Cheng-lin, a prince of the blood. Next 
morning, while the. ceremony of invefting the new em¬ 
peror was performing, the enemy mounted the walls, and 
attacked the interior city. They were oppofed by Hu- 
fye-hu ; who, with 1000 loldiers continued to fight with 
amazing intiepidity. In the mean time Shew-fu, feeing 
every thing irreparably loft, lodged the feal of the empire 
in an apartment of the palace, and then caufing fheaves 
of ftraw to be fet round it, ordered it to be let on fire as 
foon as he was dead. After giving this order he hanged 
himfelf, and his commands were executed by his domef- 
tics. Hu-iye-hu, who ftill continued fighting with great 
bravery, no fooner heard of the tragical death of the em¬ 
peror, than he drowned himfelf in the river, as did alio 
500 of his mofl refolute foldiers. The fame day the new 
emperor, Cheng-lin, was (lain; and thus a total end was 
put to the dominion of the Kin Tartars in China. 
The empire of China was now to be (hared between the 
Song, or fouthern Chinefe, and the Moguls. It had been 
2 
: n a. 
agreed upon, that the province of Honan fliould be de¬ 
livered up to the Song as foon as the war was finifhed. 
But, the Chinefe, without waiting for the expiration of 
the term, or giving Oktay notice of their proceedings, 
introduced their troops into Kay-fong-fu, Lo-yang, and 
other confiderable cities. On this the Mogul general re¬ 
folved to attack them; and repairing the Yellow river, 
cut in pieces part of the garrifon of Lo-yang, while they 
were out in fearch of provifions. In 1236, the Moguls 
ftill made great nrogrefs, took feveral cities, and put vaft: 
numbers to the l'word. Prince Kotovan forced the paf- 
fages into the diftrift of Hang-chong-fu, in the province 
of Shen-li, which he entered with an army of 500,000 
men. Here a terrible battle was fought between the vaft 
army of the Moguls and the Chinel'e troops,- who had 
been driven from the paffages they defended. The latter 
confifting only of 10,000 horfe and foot, were ahnoft en¬ 
tirely cut off; and the Moguls loft fuch a number of 
men, that the blood is laid to have run for two leagues 
together. After this victory the Moguls entered Se- 
chwen, which they almolt entirely reduced, committing 
fuch barbarities, that, in one city, 40,000 people chole 
rather to put an end to their exiftence, than fubmit to 
fuch cruel conquerors. In 1237, the Moguls received a 
confiderable check before the city of Gantong in Kyang- 
nan, the fiege of which they were obliged to raife with 
lofs. In 1238, they befieged La-chew, another city in 
the fame province. They furrounded it with a rampart 
of earth and a double ditch ; but the Chinefe general 
ordered their intrenchments to be filled with immenfe 
quantities of herbs fteeped in oil, and then fet on fire, 
while he fhowered dowm Hones upon them from a tower 
feven ltories high. At the fame time a vigorous fally was 
made; and the Mogul army, being thrown into the ut- 
moft diforder, w’ere obliged finally to abandon the fiege, 
and retire northwards. In 1255, they re-entered the 
province of Se-chwen; but ftill met with vigorous oppo- 
fition. 
In 1259, they undertook the fiege of Ho-chew, a ftrong 
city to the weft of Peking, defended by Vang-kyen, an 
able officer, who commanded a numerous garrifon. The 
fiege continued from February till Augull: during which 
time the Moguls loft an immenfe number of men. On 
the 10th of Auguft they made a general affault in the 
night. They mounted the walls before the governor had 
intelligence ; but were repulfed with the utmoft fury. 
The Mogul emperor, Meng-ko, himfelf came to the fca- 
lade; but his prefence was not fufficient to overcome the 
valour of Vang-kyen. At the fame time the fcaling-lad- 
ders of the Moguls were blown down by a ftorm ; upon 
which a terrible (laughter enfued, and amongft the reft 
fell the emperor himfelf. Upon this difafler the Mogul 
generals railed the fiege, and retired towards Shen-fi. 
On the death of Meng-ko, Hupilay, who fucceeded him, 
laid fiege to Vu-chang-fu, a city not far'diftant from the 
capital of the Song empire. At this the Chinefe emperor 
being greatly alarmed, diftributed immenfe furas among 
his troops; and, having raifed a formidable army, march¬ 
ed to the relief of Vu-chang.-fu. Unfortunately the com¬ 
mand of this army was committed to the care of Kya-tfe- 
tau, a man without courage or integrity; who being 
overcome with fear, and not daring to take any effectual 
llep for its relief, made propofals of peace. A treaty was 
accordingly concluded, by which Kya-tl'e-tau. engaged to 
pay an annual tribute of about 50,0001. fterling, and as 
much in filk ; acknowledging like wile the fovereignty of 
the Moguls over the Song empire. In confequence of 
this treaty, the Moguls repafl'ed the Ky-ang; but, 170 
of them having (laid on this fideof the river, were put to 
death by Kya-tfe-tau. This wicked minifter totally con¬ 
cealed from the emperor his having made fuch a fhame- 
ful treaty with the Moguls; and the 170 foldiers maffa- 
crea by his order, gave occafion to a report that the ene¬ 
my had been defeated ; fo that j:he Song court believed 
that they had been compelled to retreat by the fuperior 
valour 
