500 CHI 
death of Margaret, widow of John duke of Lorrain, 
who died in 1372, without children,, the comte palfed to 
Charles IV. emperor and comte of Luxemburg, who in¬ 
verted his brother Wenceflaus with the fovereignty, uni¬ 
ted with the duchy of Luxemburg, only referving the 
title in all public afts, which was obferved till the comte 
was yielded to France, in 1681, under the pretext that it 
was a lief of the duchy of Bar. It at prefent belongs to 
the houfe of Auftria, being adjudged to it by the treaty 
of Rylwick. It is five leagues welt of Arlon, and nine 
weft of Luxemburg- 
CHI'O, or Chios, in ancient geography, an ifland near 
the coaft of Natolia, oppofite to the peninfula of Ionia. 
It was known to the ancients by the name of iEthalia, 
Macris, Pithynfa, &c. as well as that of Chibs, Accord¬ 
ing to Herodotus, the ifland was peopled originally from 
Ionia. It was at firft governed by kings; but afterwards 
the government aflumed a republican form, which by the 
direction of liberates was modelled after that of Athens; 
during which it was celebrated as not having had the fin 
of adultery committed in it for feven hundred years ! It 
is now called Scro, which fee. 
CHIOCOC'CA, ■/. [from fnow, and yoy.y.o;, a 
berry.] In botany,. a .genus of the clafs pentandria, or¬ 
der mor.ogynia, natural order of aggregatae. The generic 
' characters are—Calyx: perianthium five-toothed, fupe- 
rior, permanent. Corolla: monopetalous, funnel-form; 
tube long, fpreading'; border five-parted; divifions equal, 
acute, reflected. Stamina : filaments five, fiiiform, length 
of the corolla; antherae oblong, ere6t. Piftillum : germ 
inferior, roundifli, comprelfed ; rtyle filiform, length of 
theftamens; ftigma fimple, obtufe. Pericarpium: berry 
roundilh, comprelfed, crowned with a calyx, one-celled. 
Seeds : two, roundifli, comprelfed, diftant.— EJfential Cha¬ 
mber. Corolla funnel-form, equal; berry oue-celled, two- 
fieeded, inferior. 
Species. 1. Chiococca racemofa, or climbing fnowberry- 
tree, or David’s root: fcandent, leaves broad-lanceolate, 
Dowers lateral, panicle-racemed, one ftipular tooth. Stem 
a fathom in height and more, with fmooth loofe branches 
fpreading out horizontally ; leaves petioled, oppofite, ob¬ 
long, acuminate, nerved, glittering on the upper furface, 
and lmooth; berry fnow-white; feeds two, oblong, acu¬ 
minate. This plant is very nearly allied to the genus 
pfycliotria ; but it differs not only in the manner of flow¬ 
ering-, which is always in a raceme, but alfo in the form 
of the corolla, the berry, and the feeds. According to 
Browne’s account, it begins to branch immediately above 
the root, and rifes by many flioots and flender twigs from 
•four to feven or eight feet, then requiring fupport. The 
racemes are very flender and numerous towards the top 
of the branches, and are both terminating-and axillary. 
The fnow-white berries are of a loofe texture, and very 
numerous. The root has much the fame bitter acrid 
tafte with the Senelca fnake-root, and-has been long uled 
as a ftrong refolutive and attenuant: it is adminiftered 
with great fuccefs in obftinate rheumatifms, and old ve¬ 
nereal taints; nor is it entirely ufelefs even in the fpina 
ventofa: it is belt given in a decoction. Native of the Weft 
Indies ; as in woods, on the lower mountains of Jamaica. 
It flowered in Mr. Sherard’s garden at Eltham in 1729, 
and was lent thither by Mr. Warner, a merchant of Lon¬ 
don, who received it from Barbadoes. Jacquin obferved 
it in St. Domingo, and alfo at Carthagena. There is a 
variety of this, (Browne’s Jam. No. 2.) which grows to a 
confiderable height, and throws fome of its flender twigs 
again to the ground. The leaves arcr very like thofe of 
•the foregoing, but fmaller, fubconvex, fomewhat rigid, 
■and glittering; the racemes are Ihort and fimple; the 
.corollas a little larger, pale-coloured, but purple at the 
^corners. 
2. Chiococca barbata: ere£t, leaves ovate, peduncles 
axillary, one-flowered, corollas bearded in the throat. 
This is a native of the Marquefas, Society, and Friendly, 
jlflands, .in the South Seas. 
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Propagation and Culture. The firft fpecies is propagated 
by feeds procured from the Weft Indies : to be fown in. 
pots plunged in a moderate hot-bed, where they may re¬ 
main till the autumn, when they fnould be removed into 
the (love for the winter, and the following fpring placed 
on a frefli hot-bed, to bring up the plants, for they rarely 
come up the firft year. When they are fit to remove, 
plant them each in a feparate j-rnall pot filled with light 
earth, and plunge them in a frefli hot-bed, (hading them 
from the fun tiii they have taken new root, and then 
treating them as other tender plants from hot countries. 
As they obtain flrength, the plants may he let abroad in 
a flieltered fituation for tvvq, months or ten weeks, in the 
warmeft part of the fummer, and in the winter they may 
be placed in a dry ftove, kept to a moderate degree of 
warmth, where they will thrive, and produce flowers in. 
autumn. SeeC estrum Nocturnum and Psychotria. 
CHIONAN'THUS, f. [from fnow, and a.v So;, a 
flower.] In botany, the Fringe or Snowdrop-tree ; 
a genus of the clafs diandria, order monogynia, natural 
order fepiariae. The generic charafters are—Calyx : pe¬ 
rianthium one-Ieafed, four-parted, eredt, acuminate, per¬ 
manent. Corolla: monopetalous, funnel-form; tube very 
Ihort, length of the calyx, fpreading; border of four di¬ 
vifions, which are linear, ere&, acute, oblique, moft ex¬ 
tremely long. Stamina: filaments two, very Ihort, Tubu¬ 
late, inferted into the tube; antherae cordate, eredt. Pif¬ 
tillum : germ ovate; ftyle fimple, length of the calyx; 
itigma obtufe, trifid. Pericarpium : drupe round, one- 
celied. Seed : nut Undated. The number of ftamens is 
often three.— EJfential Character. Corolla quadrifid, with 
the divifions extremely long; drupe with a ftriated nut. 
Species. 1. Chionanthus Virginica, or Virginia fringe- 
tree, or fnowdrop-tree: peduncles three-cleft, three-flow¬ 
ered. This Ihrub is common in South Carolina, where 
it grows by the fides of rivulets, and feldom is more than 
ten feet high: the leaves are as large as thofe of the lau¬ 
rel, but are of a.much thinner iiibllance; the flowers 
come out in May, hanging in long bunches, and are of 
a pure white, from whence the inhabitants call it fnow¬ 
drop-tree ; and, from the flowers being cut into narrow 
fegments, they give it the name of fringe-tree. After the 
flowers have fallen away, the fruit appears, which becomes 
a dark-coloured drupe, about the fiz.e of a floe, having- 
one hard feed in it. It varies with a four, five, and fix, 
cleft corolla, and four ftamens: alfo, with broader or 
ovate-elliptic, and with narrower or lanceolate, leaves. 
Introduced in 1736 by Peter Collinfon, efq. 
2. Chionanthus Zeylanica, or Ceylon fnowdrop-tree: 
peduncles panicied, many-flowered. Leaves lmooth on 
both fides, thicker than in the firft fpecies. The panicle 
has often forty flowers, and the petals are much fhorter. 
The fruit is a berried drupe, fuperior, obovate, fmooth, 
black; the (hell is bony, thin, marked on the outfide 
with fix or eight raifed filiform ftreaks; within it is very 
fmooth, and it does not open with valves. The feed is 
an oblong fpheroid, and bay-coloured. 
3. Chionanthus compa&a : panicles trichotomous, the 
laft flowers lubcapitate, calyxes villole, leaves lanceolate- 
oblong, antherae acuminate. This is a tree fifteen feet in 
height, covered with a dulky alh-coloured bark. Leaves 
oppofite, on Ihort petioles, (harp at the bafe, narrowed 
into a long (harp and fometimes fickle-lhaped termination, 
quite entire, thickifli, firm, ihining, about half afoot in 
length, and an inch and half in breadth. The firft fpecies 
differs from this in having fmooth calyxes; and the fe- 
cond differs from both ir Laving the leaves villofe under¬ 
neath. Native of the Caribbee iflands. 
4. Chionanthus mayepea : panicles axillary, trichoto- 
.mous, all the flowers diftinft, antherae obtufe. This is a 
middle-fized tree, live or fix feet high, and five inches in 
diameter, the wood and bark whitifh. Leaves thin, firm, 
long, oval, ending in a point; the largeft feven inches 
long and two wide, on a Ihort petiole. Fruit the fiz.e of 
an olive.5 rind violet, fucculent, two lines'thick, bitter. 
