C H L 
advantageous, that whoever are matters of this town are 
faid to poffefs the key of the country of Turin, the Ca- 
navois, the country of Vercelli, Monferrat, and Lom¬ 
bardy. It was taken by Thomas, prince of Savoy, in 
1639, which induced Chriftina, duchefs of Savoy, to fend 
her fon and fitters to Chambery, to prelerve them from 
Infult till the profpeft of affairs might change. It was 
foon after taken by the French, but reftored to the duke 
of Savoy in 1649. It has feveral churches and convents. 
Eleven miles north-eaft of Turin, and twelve fouth of 
Ivrea. Lat. 45. r.N. Ion. 25. 29. E. Ferro. 
CHI'VERNY, a town of France, in the department of 
the Loir and Cher, on the fouth fide of the Conon : three 
leagues fouth-eafl of Blois. 
CHIVES, f. [cive, Fr. Skinner.] The threads or fila¬ 
ments riling in flowers. Alfo a fpecies of fmall onion. 
CHI'UM MARMOR,yi the ancient name of a black 
marble, called alfo the lapis opjidianus. See Mineralogy. 
CHIU'SA (La), a town of Italy, in the Friuli, on a 
fmall river called Fella, which runs into the Tajamento; 
taken by the French republican army under Bonaparte in 
3797 : fourteen miles north of Friuli. 
CHIU'SA (La), a town of Italy, in the Veronefe, be¬ 
longing to the date of Venice: nine miles north-weft of 
Verona. 
CHIUSA'NO, a town of Italy, in the kingdom of Na¬ 
ples, and province of Principato Citra: thirteen miles 
fouth-fouth-eaft of Benevento. 
CHIUSEL'LE, a river of Piedmont, which runs into 
the Oreo : one mile we$>fouth-weft of Fogliffo. 
CHIU'SI, a town of Italy, in the country of Sienna, 
containing about 1000 inhabitants, the fee of a bifhop: 
thirty-one miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Sienna. 
CHIUSLEN'GI, a town of European Turkey, in the 
province of Bulgaria : feventy miles eaft of Siliftria. 
CHIUTA'YA, or Kiutaja, or Cutaja, a town of 
Afiatic Turkey, and capital of a diftrift in Natolia, fitu- 
ated at the foot of a mountain, in a fertile and healthy 
country, defended by a caftle built on a rock. It con¬ 
tains feveral mofques, and three Armenian churches: 
336 miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Conftantinople. Lat. 39. 14, 
N. Ion. 48. 30. E. Ferro. 
CHIZE', a town of France, in the department of the 
Two Sevres, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridft 
of Niort, fituated near the Boutonne : three leagues and 
a half fouth of Niort, and three and a quarter fouth-weft 
of Melle. 
CHIZILARABAD', a town of Afia, in the kingdom 
of Kurdiftan : feventy miles fouth-fouth-eaft of Kerkuk. 
CHLAMY'DIA,/. in botany. SeePHORMiuM. 
CHLA'MYS,/ A military habit worn by the ancient 
Romans over the tunica. It belonged to the patricians, 
and was the fame in the time of war that the toga was in 
the time of peace. This fort of gown was called pitta, 
from the rich embroidery with figures in Phrygian work ; 
and purpurea, becaufe the ground-work was purple. The 
ehlamydes of the emperors were all purple, adorned with 
a golden embroidered border. 
CHLENN, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Koni- 
gingratz : eighteen miles fouth-eaft of Konigingratz. 
CHLIAS'MA,/. [from %fieuvu, to make warm.] Te- 
pefa&ion, or the a£l of making any thing warm. A fo¬ 
mentation, or application, which makes warm the parts 
to which it is applied. 
CHLO'E, a lurname of Ceres at Athens. Her yearly 
feftivals, called Chloeia, were celebrated with much mirth 
and rejoicing, and a ram was always facrificed to her. 
The name of Chloe is fuppofed to bear the fame fignifi- 
cation as Flava, fo often applied to the goddefs of corn. 
The name, from its fignification, (yfon, herba wrens, ) 
lias generally been applied to women poffeffed of beauty, 
and of fimplicity. 
CHLO'PAN, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Volhynia: feventy-two miles eaft-north-eaft of Lucko. 
CHLO'RA, /. [from vTwpo;, pale, becaufe the flowers 
Vol.IV. No. 2J 5 . 
C H L 509 
ate of a pale yellow colour.] In botany, a genus of the 
clafs o&andria, order monogynia, natural order rotacea;. 
The generic charafters are—Calyx : perianthium eight- 
leaved; leaflets linear, fpreading, permanent. Corolla: 
monopetalous, falver-ffiaped; tube Ihorter than the ca¬ 
lyx, coating the germ; border eight-parted; divifions 
lanceolate, longer than the tube. Stamina: filaments 
eight, very fliort, leated on the throat; antheras linear, 
ere6t, fliorter than the divifions. Piftillum : germ ovate- 
oblong; ftyle filiform, length of the tube; ltigmas four, 
oblong, cylindric. Pericarpium : capfule ovate-oblong, 
one-celled, fomewhat comprefled, furrowed, two-valved ; 
valves incurvated on the fide. Seeds : numerous, mi¬ 
nute. This genus is allied to gentiana; but differs in 
the number of ftamens, and legments of the calyx and 
corolla..— Effential Character. Calyx, eight-leaved ; corol¬ 
la, one-petalled, eight-cleft; capfule, one-celled, two- 
valved, many-feeded; ftigma, four-cleft. 
Species, r. Chlora perfoliata, or perfoliate yellow- 
wort, or yellow centaury: leaves perfoliate. The whole 
plant generally very glaucous. Stem cylindric, fmooth, 
from three inches to three feet high; root-leaves oval, 
feflile, fpreading in form of a ftar; loweft ftem-leaves oval- 
lanceolate ; the reft perfoliate, as if compoled of two 
lanceolate or cordate leaves running into each other at 
the bafe, all of a glaucous colour. Flowers in a kind of 
umbel, of three rays, encompaffed by the uppermoft leaf; 
the middle one bearing one flower without any leaves; 
the outer ones terminated by a leaf fimilar to the ftem- 
leaves, from which arifes an umbellule fupporting one 
or more flowers. Calyx fometinjes equal to, fometimes 
longer, and fometimes Ihorter than, the corolla ; leaflets 
eight to ten. Corolla gold-coloured, w'ith a milky juice ; 
fegments fometimes nine, flightly emarginate; ftamens 
fix to nine or ten; ftyle cloven, yellow, thickeft towards 
the top; ftigmas two, ftiaped like a horfe-fhoe, yellow; 
capfule more rounded than in the gentians. Annual. 
Paftures, in chalky and limeftone foils; flowering from 
June through the autumn. It was firft feparated from 
the gentians by Mr. Hudlon. He gave it the name of 
Blackjlonia, from Mr. Blackftone, an apothecary, author 
of Fafciculus Plantarum circa Harefield, and Specimen 
botanicum ; but Linnaeus has adopted Reaumur’s name 
of Chlora, after Adanfon ; and Mr. Hudfon has given up 
the title of Blackftonia, in the fecond edition of his Flora. 
Haller affirms that it is more bitter than the red , gentian* 
centaurium, and that it feems to poffefs the fame qualities. 
2. Chlora imperfoliata: corollas fix-cleft. Stem ereft: 
four-cornered, glofl’y, a hand in height; the internodes 
longer than the leaves; leaves opofite, feflile, inclined to 
ftem-clafping, ovate, gloffy, acute. Flower peduncled, 
terminal, full yellow, larger than the leaf. It has the 
appearance of the foregoing, but differs in having the 
calyx divided to the bale, and the divifions not linear; 
in the corolla alfo being fix-cleft, and the ftyles glued to¬ 
gether. It is a native of the extreme part of Italy, and is 
annual. 
3. Chlora quadrifolia: leaves in fours. Produced from 
gentiana perfoliata and linum quadrifolium. Stem Ample, a 
fipan in height, fomewhat quadrangular, jointed ; leaves 
in whorls, linear, only a little broader towards the end, 
bluntiffi, the length of the internodes. Found in the 
fouth of Europe, by Alftroemer. 
4. Chlora dodecandra : leaves oppofite. Corolla longer 
than the calyx, divided into twelve lanceolate legments; 
ftamens twelve, growing to the corolla, the length of the 
calyx'; antherse oblong, fpiral; germ roundifh; ltyle long, 
intorted; ftigma Ample. Native of Virginia. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe may ealily be propagated 
from feeds, and require only common care in the cultiva¬ 
tion. Our common yellow centaury, however, does not 
thrive well in a garden ; and though rather impatient of 
cold, yet, if flieltered, it becomes mildewed. 
CHLORAN'THUS,/ [from pale, and av 5 o<;, a 
flower.] In botany, a genus of the clafs tetrandria, order 
6 O monogynia. 
