Before Christ.] 
before midnight, having three digits eclipfed on the 
I'outh part of her dilk. 
500 Of the Julian period 4214; of NabonaiTar 249; 70th 
Olympiad ; of Rome 254. 
498 The firft’diftator created at Rome, who was Lartius. 
495 Tarquin, furnamed the Proud, dies at Cumae, (with 
Ariftodemus the tyrant,) to which place he retired 
upon the clofe of the Latin war. 
493 The populace of Rome being difcontented retire to 
the Mons Sacer, but return December 10, by Mene- 
nius Agrippa’s perfuafion. Tribunes of the people 
fir ft created. 
491 The kingdom of Syracufe ufurped by Gelo. Corio- 
lanus is banifhed Rome. The feventh lunar eciipfe 
on record, obferved at Babylon on Wednefday April 
25, having two digits eclipfed to the fouth. 
490 The Perfians defeated by Miltiades in the battle of 
Marathon, September 28. Spurius Caflius flourilhed. 
488 Coriolanus, by his mother’s intreaty, &c. withdraws 
the Volfcian army from Rome. 
487 Egypt rebels, and revolts from the Perfians. 
486 Asl'chylus firft gains the prize of tragedy, being thirty- 
nine years old. Ariftides the Athenian, furnamed the 
Juft, banifhed by oftracifm in 484, and recalled in 479. 
484 Xerxes recovers Egypt,, and gives the government of 
it to his brother Achasmenes. 
481 Xerxes begins his expedition againft Greece, and 
winters at Sardis. 
480 The affair at Thermopylae finifhed Auguft 7. The 
Perfians defeated in the fea-fight at Salamis, October 
20. Themiftocles the Athenian general. 
479 The Perfians under Mardonius defeated at Plataea, 
September 22, by Paufanias ; on the fame day was 
fought the battle of Mycale. 
478 Pindar the poet, and Charon of Lampfacus the hifto- 
rian, flourifhed. Hiero king of Syracufe. 
477 The 300 Romans of the name of Fabius killed by the 
Veientes near Cremera, July 17. 
471 Themiftocles, being accufed of confpiring with Pau¬ 
fanias againft the liberty of Greece, retires into Afia 
to Xerxes. 
470 Cimon defeats the Perfian fleet at Cyprus, and again 
the land army near the river Eurymedon in Pamphy- 
lia; he is banifhed by oftracifm in 460, recalled in 
455, and dies, aged 51. Anaxagoras of Clazomene 
the philofopher, died 428, aged 72. 
469 The firft folemn conteft between the tragic poets, in- 
ftituted when Sophocles was twenty-eight years old; 
from his firft piece was declared vi&oroverZEfchylus, 
then in high reputation. 
468 Pericles the Athenian general flourifhed. 
466 The Syracufans banifh their king Thralybulus, and 
recover their liberty, which continues fixty-one years, 
till the ufurpation of Dionyfius. 
465. The third Meffenian war with the Lacedemonians 
begins, and continues ten years. 
463 Egypt revolts from the Perfians, under Inarus, who 
procures them the afliftance of the Athenians. 
462 The Perfians are defeated by the Athenians in a na¬ 
val engagement in Egypt. 
4S9 The Athenians begin to tyrannize over the other 
Grecian ftates. 
458 Ezra is fent from Babylon to Jenifalem with the cap¬ 
tive Jews, and the veifels of gold and filver, &c. by 
Artaxerxes, in the feventh year of his reign, being 
feventy weeks of years, or 490 years, before the cru¬ 
cifixion of our Saviour. 
456 The Athenians, being deferted by the Egyptians, 
retire out of Egypt, by capitulation with the Per- 
lians. Nehemiah the prophet, and Plato the comic 
poet, lived. 
454 The Romans fend to Athens for Solon’s laws. 
453 Ariftarchus, the tragic poet, lived at this time. 
451 The decemvirs created at Rome, and the laws of the 
twelve tables compiled and ratified, 
Vot.IV. No. 2*8. 
545 
450 A war between the Perfians and Athenians at fea, 
which continues two years. The Perfians, under 
Ofiris, are often defeated by Cimon. Zaleucus, the 
lawgiver of Locri, flourifhed. 
448 The firft facred war about the temple of Delphi, 
in which the Lacedemonians and Athenians were 
auxiliaries, but on oppofite fides. Hellanicus, the 
hiftorian, lived. 
447 The Athenians are defeated by the Boeotians at Chas,- 
• ronea, and their general, Tolmides, killed. 
446 A thirty years truce agreed on between the Athe¬ 
nians and Lacedemonians. Thucidides, the Athe¬ 
nian general, banifhed by oftracifm. 
445 Herodotus'reads his hiftory in the council at Athens, 
and receives public marks of honour, being thirty- 
nine years old. 
444 The Athenians fend a colony to Thurium in Italy j 
Herodotus,Thucydides, and Lyfias, were of the num¬ 
ber. Military tribunes, with a confular power, are 
created at Rome. Empedocles of Agrigentum, the 
Pythagorean philofopher. 
443 Cenfors firft created at Rome. 
442 Euripides firft gained the prize of tragedy at Athens, 
being forty-three years old. 
441 Pericles fubdues Samos, which had revolted from the 
Athenians. Artemones invented the battering-ram, 
the teftudo, and other military inftruments, in this war. 
440 Comedies are prohibited at Athens, which continued 
for three years. Phidias the ftatuary. 
439 A war begins between Corinth and Corcyra. 
437 Cornelius Coffus gained the fecond Spolia Opima over 
TolumniuskingofFidenae. Cratinus, the comic poet. 
436 Malachi, the laft of the prophets. 
435 Fidenae taken by the Romans. The Corinthians 
defeated at fea by the Corcyraens, aflifted by the 
Athenians. 
432 Meton begins his nineteen years cycle of the moon, 
from the new moon of July 15, being eighteen days, 
after the fummer folftice. 
431 The Peloponncfian War begins May 7, by an attempt 
- of the Boeotians to furprif'e Plataea. It continues near 
twenty-feven years. 
430 The Hiftory of the Old Teft ament ftnijhes about this time. 
A plague at Athens for five years. The Lacedemo¬ 
nian ambaffadors are arrefted by Sitacles king of 
Thrace, and afterwards put to death by the Ather 
nians. 
429 Pericles dies about the beginning of November, af¬ 
ter governing Athens forty years ; twenty-five of 
which was with others, but fifteen years by his foie 
power. 
428 Democritus of Abdera, the philofopher, and Cleo- 
menes the Lacedemonian general and regent. 
427 The Leontines fend an embaffy to Athens for aflift¬ 
ance againft the Syracufans, which is granted them. 
426 The plague having broke out at Athens a fecond 
time, they permitted each man to marry two wives; 
Socrates was one of the firft who took advantage of 
this privilege. Thucydides the hiftorian. 
425 Hippocrates of Cos, the phyfician, and Cleon, the 
Athenian general, lived at this time. 
424 Ariftophanes’s comedy of the Clouds firft a6ted againft 
Socrates. The Sicilians make peace, and the Athe¬ 
nians return. The engagement at Pelium, about the 
beginning of November. 
423 The Lacedemonians and Athenians make a truce 
about the 3d of Oftober. 
422 The truce finiflies about the 12 th of April, foon after 
the celebration of the Pythian games.. 
421 A peace of fifty years, concluded April 10, between 
the Athenians and Lacedemonians, which is kept 
for fix years and ten months, though each continued 
at war with the other’s allies. 
420 The Athenians, by the inftigation of Alcibiades, re¬ 
new the treaty with the Eleans, Argives, and Man- 
6 z tinean*. 
CHRONOLOGY. 
