Before Christ.] 
the Athenians and Thebans were defeated by Philip. 
Demofthenes, the orator, banilhed- Athens in 325, re¬ 
called in 323,'and died in 322, aged P.xty. 
3 36 Philip king of Macedon is killed by Paufanias about 
the end of Auguft. 
335 Alexander enters Greece about September 9, obliges 
the Athenians to fubmit, and deftroys the city of 
Thebes, leaving only Pindar the poet’s'houfe ; almoft 
all the inhabitants were either killed or enflaved. . 
334 The battle on the river G rank us in Phrygia, gained 
by Alexander over Darius on the 22d of May. A- 
pelles of Cos, the painter. 
333 Tpe fecond battle gained by Alexander, at Ulus ip 
the month of Odlober. Calliftbenes the philofopher. 
332 Tyre taken by Alexander, Auguft 20'tb, pfter a fvege 
of fe.ven months. He takes polfelTion of Egypt, and 
builds Alexandria. 
331 The third and lait battle of Arbela, gained O£lober 
2, being eleven days after a total eelipie of the moon, 
on September 2ill. 
330 The leventy-fix years cycle of Callippus, begins from 
Darius’s death, upon the 1 ft of July : it confided of 
2 7>759 days, equal to 940 lunations.. Agis, king of 
Lacedemonia,-defeated and killed. 
329 Thaleftris queen of the Amazons vilits Alexander. 
327 , Alexander’s expedition into India againft Porus. 
'Lyfippus the ftatuary. 
324 Cratesof Thebes, the cynic philofopher, died after 287. 
323 Alexander dies April.21.ll. His empire is divided into 
four kingdoms, two of which were unfettled lor the 
fil'd twelve years. The Lamian war between the 
Athenians and Antipater. 
32a The principal Athenian orators viz.—Demodhenes, 
Kyperides, and Demades, are put to death by Anti¬ 
pater. Theophraltus the peripatetic philofopher. 
321 The Romans, defeated by the Samnites, pafs under 
the yoke at Furcae Caudinas near Beneventum. 
320 Polylperchon publifhes a general liberty to all the 
Greek cities, Menander the inventor of the new 
comedy. 
318 Phocion unjuftly put to death by the Athenians. 
317 Syracufe, and loon after all Sicily, ufurped by Aga- 
thocles. Demetrius Phalerus governs Athens for 
ten years. .Demetrius Phalereus the peripatetic phi¬ 
lofopher banilhed Athens in 307, and died 284. 
315 Eumenes, after having, gained two battles over An- 
tigonus, is deferred by his army, and delivered by 
them as a prifoner to Antigonus. 
3.12 The Romans begin the Hetrufcan war. Seleucus 
takes Babylon, from which begins the era-of the Se- 
lucidse, or what the Jews call Dhilcarnaim, and the 
era of contrails, on Tuefday March 13. Zeno'of 
Cittium in Cyprus, the firft of the iloic pnilofophers. 
310. Agathocles defeated by the Carthagenians, on the 
river Himera, about July 22d, carries the war into 
Africa; in his paitage the fun was almoft totally 
eclipfed, Auguft 15, being eleven digits J-f. 
309 Agathocles from his entering Africa continues con¬ 
quering the Carthagenians for four years. 
308 The Samnites, Marfi, and Peligni, defeated by Fabius, 
to whom the Umbri likewife furrender. Philemon 
the comic poet and rival of Menander. 
307 Demetrius Poliorcetes changes the government of 
Athens, from an oligarchy to a democracy, banilhing 
Demetrius Phalereus and others. 
306 The title of king is firft affumed by the fucceffors 
of Alexander. 
304 Pyrrho the firft of the fceptic philofophers. 
301 The battle of Ipfus in Phrygia, where Antigonus is 
defeated and killed by Ptolomy, Seleucus, JLyfima- 
cbuSi and Caffander. 
300 Of the Julian period, 4414; of Nabonaffar, 449; 
120th Olympiad ; of Rome, 454. 
300 Euclid of Alexandria, the mathematician, and author 
of t he elements of geometry. 
547 
299 Agathocles paffes with his army,into Italy, and takes 
Crotona. Arceiilaus the philofopher and author of 
the fecond, or middle academy. 
296 Athens taken by Demetrius Poliorcetes, after a year’s 
fiege. Epicurus-flourifhcd. 
295 Timocharis of Alexandria, the aftronomer, flourilh- 
edand Pyrrhus king of Epirus. 
294 Timocharis obferved, March the 9th, and four hours 
before midnight, a conjunction of the moon with the 
Spica of Virgo ; that ftar being then, according to him, 
eight degrees weft from the equinoctial point. 
293 The firft. fun dial erected at Rome, by PapiriUs Cur- 
- for, on t-he temple of-Quirinus ; their time was then 
firft divided into hours. 
291 Seleucus had built about forty new cities in Afia, 
which he now peopled with different nations. 
287 The AtheniansrevoltfromDernetriusPoliorcetes; his 
great-army being corrupted and dilbanded by Pyr¬ 
rhus, who then took poffefiion of Macedonia. 
28 6 Lyfimachus takes poffefiion of Macedon, having ex¬ 
pelled Pyrrhus. 
285 Dionyfius began his allronomical era on Monday, 
June 26, being the firft who found the exat lolar 
year to confift of 365 days 5 hours and 49 minutes. 
284 The feptuagint tranflation of the Old Teftament is 
thought to have been made about this tim,e. The 
pharos of Alexandria built. 
283 Dofttbella defeats the Senones and afterwards the 
Boii and Hetrufcans at the lake Vadimonis in Hetru- 
ria. Softratus of Cnidus the architect. 
282 Timocharis obferved, November the 9th, three hours 
and a half after midnight, a fecond conjunction of the 
moon with the fpica of Virgo, covering that ftar with 
the north part of her dilk. Theocritus of Syracufe 
the pailoral poet. 
281 Lyfimachus defeated and killed in Phrygia by Se¬ 
leucus. The republic or league of the Achseans be¬ 
gins. The Tarentine war begins, and continues ten 
years. 
280 Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, comes into Italy to affift 
the Tarentines, and continues there and in Sicily 
about fix years,. Ariftarchus of Samos the aftronomer. 
278 A large army of Gauls, under Brennus, are cut to 
pieces near the temple of Delphos. 
276 The firft regular body of grammarians, or critics, be¬ 
gan about this time. 
274 Pyrrhus, being defeated by Curius at Maleventumj 
retires to Epirus. 
27a The Samnites and Tarentines defeated by the Ro¬ 
mans, which concludes the two wars; the firft hav¬ 
ing lafted leventy-one years, the fecond ten years. 
269 The firft coining of filver at Rome, under the con- 
fulfhip of Fabius PiClor and Gulo, five years before 
the firft Punic war. 
268 Athens taken by Antigonus Gonatas; who retains 
the government tw r eive years. Berofus the Chaldean 
hiftorian. Hermachus of Mitylene the Epicurean. 
264 The firft Punic war begins, and continues twenty- 
three years. The chronology of the Arundelian mar¬ 
bles compofed. Cleanthes the ftoic philofopher. 
262 Battle of Sardis, in which Antiochus Soter is defeat¬ 
ed by Eumenes king of Pergamus. 
261 The Romans firft concern themfelves in naval affairs. 
Annibal fenior, Carthagenian general, dies. 
260 The Carthagenians defeated at fea by the Romans, 
under Duilius, who had the firft naval triumph, in 
November. Callimachus, of Cyrene, the poet. 
259 Zoilus, the critic, furnamed Homero-Maftix. 
' 258 Three hundred Romans, under Calpurnius Flamma, 
preferve the Roman army in Sicily, by engaging the 
Carthagenians till they were all cut to pieces; 
256 Regulus is defeated and taken prifoner by the Car¬ 
thagenians under Xanthippus. Athens is reftored 
to its liberty by Antigonus. 
251 Aratus ofSicyon, after the expulfion of their tyrants, 
prevails 
CHRONOLOGY. 
