Before Christ.] CHRON 
between Pelufium and mount Cafius. The fecond 
Macedonian war begins. 
170 Antiochus Epiphar.es takes Jerufalem, and two years 
after pollutes the temple with facrifices of fwine, and 
carries off 1B00 talents to Antioch, which difafter was 
on the 25th of the Hebrew month ICifleu, the Mace¬ 
donian Apellseus, or the 15th of the Julian Decem¬ 
ber. Menelaus, furnamed Onias IV. high piieft of 
the Jews at this time. 
368 The- battle of Pydna, June 22, in which Perfeus king 
of Macedon is totally defeated by P. ZEmilius. This 
terminates the kingdom of Macedon. An eclipfe of 
the moon, which happened the night before, was 
foretold to the Roman army by Gallus. 
167 The fii'ft library erected at Rome, compofed o,f the 
books brought from Macedon. 
166 Terence's firft play, called Andria, adfed, being ap¬ 
proved of by Csecilius, and bought by the ABdiles. 
Apollonius, the Syrian general, is defeated and killed 
by Judas Maccabeus. 
164. Polybius of Megalopolis the hiftorian, flourifhed. 
163 The government of Judea, under the Hafmonean fa¬ 
mily or Maccabees, begins, and continues 126 years. 
162 Hipparchus begins his aftronomical obfervations at 
Rhodes, which he continues for thirty-four years. 
Demetrius, efcaping from Rome to Antioch, kills 
Eupator, and takes poffeflion of Syria. 
161 The phiiofophers and rhetoricians firlf banifhed 
Rome. Judas Maccabeus, and Nicanor, die. 
160 Terence’s lalt play, called Adeiphi, added at the fu¬ 
neral of Paulus AEmilius. Carneades of Cyrene, the 
philofopher, and author of the third or New Academy. 
1S9 Time meafured at Rome by water, invented by Scipio 
Nafica, 13+ years after the introduction of fun-dials. 
158 Hipparchus obferved the autumnal equinox on Sun¬ 
day September 27, about mid-day. 
156 Prufias, furnamed Venator, king of Bithynia, defeats 
king Attains, and plunders and burns leveral of the 
temples of Pergamos. Mithridates, king of Parthia. 
Ariftarclius of Alexandria, the great grammarian. 
355 Carneades, in an embafly from Athens, alarmed the 
Roman fenate with his eloquence. 
152 Andrifcus, pretending to be the fon of Perfeus, 
affumes the tyranny of Macedon. 
150 Demetrius king of Syria is defeated and killed by 
Alexander Balus. 
149 The third Punic war begins, and continues three 
years. Prufias king of Bithynia is put to death by 
his lonNicomedes, furnamed Philopater, who reigned 
fifty-nine years. 
148 Jonathan Maccabeus defeats Apollonius prefect of 
Coelofyria in the battle of Azotus, after which he 
took both that city and Afcalon. 
147 The Romans make war againft the Achseans, which 
is finiflred by Mummius the following year. 
146 Carthage deftroyed by P. Scipio, and Corinth by L, 
Mummius, who brought from thence the firft fine 
paintings to Rome ; the principal were the Bacchus, 
by Aiiftides, and Hercules in torture, from Deja- 
nira’s coat. 
-145 Lnslius defeats Viriatlnis, w,ho had occupied Lufita'nia 
the year before; this war continues afterwards for 
five years. 
144 Jonathan Maccabeus betrayed and put to death by 
Trypbon. 
343 Hipparchus obferves the autumnal equinox on Wed¬ 
nesday September 26, about fun-let; and from the 
new moon of September 28, he began his new cycle 
of the moon, confiding of 111,033 days, being equal 
to 3760 lunations, or 304 years. 
342 Simon takes the caftle of Jerufalem by famine, after 
a long blockade. 
341 The war of Numantia begins, and continues eight 
years. An eclipfe of the. moon, obferved at Alex¬ 
andria, on Tuefday, January 17, tw r o hours before 
midnight. 
T’ol, IV. No. 1 jo. 
O L O G Y. 549 
13? The Roman army, under MancinUs, being 30,000, 
are ignominicufty defeated by 4000 Numantines. 
137 Ptolemy Phyfcon began a new reftoration of learning 
at Alexandria, by drawing thither the molt ingenious 
foreigners in all the arts and l'ciences; this he did to 
replenilh that city, which was become a delert by his 
cruelties. 
136 Scipio Africanus, with Sp. Mummius and L. Metel- 
lus, attended by Panastius the ftoic phiiolopher, made 
their famous embafty into Egypt, Syria, and Greece. 
135 The hiftory of the Apocrypha ends. The Servile war 
begins in Sicily, and continues three years. Hip¬ 
parchus obferved the vernal equinox on Wednefdny 
March 24, a little after midnight. 
133 Numantia taken and deftroyed by Scipio. The king¬ 
dom of Pergamus annexed to the Roman empire, 
being bequeathed by Attalus Phiiometer, the laft 
king, to the Roman people. Tiberius Gracchus is 
put to death, about attempting an agrarian law. 
130 Antiochus Sidetes, king of Syria, is defeated and 
kilied by Phraates, king of Parthia. Ariftonicus is 
defeated by Perperna. 
129 Hipparchus obferves the vernal equinox to be on 
Tliurlday March 23, about funfet; and afterwards 
that the liar called Cor Leonis was 29 0 50' from the 
fummer foliticial colure. 
128 The battle of Damalcus, in which Demetrius Nicator 
is totally defeated by Alexander Zebina, and is loon 
after killed at Tyre. 
123 The Romans make war againft the Baleareans for 
their piracies. Carrhage is rebuilt by order of the 
Roman fenate. Mitlmdates, furnamed the Great, 
king of Pontus. 
121 Caius Gracchus is killed in attempting an agrarian 
law. The weather of this year was.lo favourable, 
that the wine of it was kept 200 years. Alexander 
Zebina is defeated and killed two years after he was 
dethroned, by Antiochus. 
120 Gaftorof Rhodes,chronologerand hiftorian,flourifhed. 
119 Caius Marius, as tribune of the people, impriionsMe- 
tellus the conful, for oppofing a law which he pro- 
pofea about the bridges of Rome. 
118 The Romans fettle a colony at Narbonne in Gaul. 
Dalmatia is conquered by^etellus. 
116 Cleopatra affumes the government of Egypt; at firft: 
endeavours to exclude her eldeft fon Ptolemy Lathu- 
rus, but is prevented by the populace of Alexandria. 
Lucilius, the firft Roman fatyrift. 
115 Apollodorus of Athens, chronologer and grammarian. 
113 Marcus Antoninus, fen. the Roman orator; he died 
in 87, aged fifty-fix. 
112 Antiochus Cyzicenus defeatsfGrypUs in'battie, and, 
takes pofleiTion of Syria 5 but dividing it next year 
with Grypus, calls his own part Ccelolyria. 
111 The Jugurthine war begins, and continues five years. 
no The famous fumptuary law, called Lex Licinia, made 
at Rome, by which tiie expence of earing for each 
particular day was’limited. Lucius Cnidus, the Ro¬ 
man orator, flourifhed. 
109 The Teutones and Cimbri begin the attack of the 
Roman empire, which continues eight years. Jugur- 
tha defeated in two battles by Metellus. Ptolemy is. 
defeated, and Samaria taken, by John Hyrcanus. 
107 Cicero is born on the 3d of the moires of January, 
which agreed with the beginning of November, ac¬ 
cording to the Julian year. 
106 Ptolemy is artfully dethroned by Cleopatra. Jugur- 
tha, having taken refuge with Boccliue, is by him 
delivered up to Marius. 
105 Caspio and Mandius ignominioufly defeated by the 
Teutones, &c. on the banks of the Rhone, in which 
80,000 Romans are killed. 
104 Artemidorus of Epiiefas, the geographer, flourifhed. 
102 The Teutones defeated by Marius in two battles 
at Aquas Sextias, (now Aix in Provence;) where 
200,000 are killed, and 70,000 taken prifoners. 
7 A 101 Marius 
