Sso CHRON 
soi Marius and Catullus defeat the Cimbri, as they were 
endeavouring to enter Italy thro’ Noricum, (now the 
Tirol;) i_ao,ooo are killed,and 69,000 takenprifoners. 
100 Of the Julian period 4614 ; of Nabonafl'ar 649 ; 170th 
Olympiad; of Rome 654. 
too Julius Csefar is born on the 4th of the Ides, or the 
12th of the month Quintilis, afterwards called July.' 
99 Lufitania is conquered by theRomansunderDollabella. 
97 Ptolemy Appion, king of Cyrene, dies, and bequeaths 
his kingdom to the Romans. Mefopotamia is about 
this time occupied by the Parthians* 
95 Hortenfius began to plead when he was but 19 years old. 
94 Antiochus Cyzicenus is defeated near Antioch by 
Seleucus, and kills himfelf when ready to be taken 
prifoner. 
93 Seleucus, being defeated by Antiochus Pius, retires to 
Mopfueftia in Cilicia, where he is burnt alive. Ti- 
granes, king of Armenia. 
91 The Social or Marfic war begins, which continues 
three years, and is finiflied by Sylia in 88. Antiochus 
Pius, being defeated by Philip and Demetrius, retires 
among the Parthians. Tyrrhus, Egyptian general. 
90 Afclepiades of Prufias, author of a new fedt in phyfic; 
died after 63. 
89 The Mithridatic war begins, and continues 26 years. 
88 The Civil war between Marius and Sylia begins, and 
continues fix years. 
86 Sylia takes Athens on March r, according to the Ro¬ 
man calendar, and fends Apellicon’s library to Rome, 
in which was the original manufcript of Ariftotle’s 
wprks. Sylia cuts to pieces the army of Archelaus. 
84 Mithridates begs peace of Sylia, which is granted him. 
82 Carbo, with Marius junior, &c. are defeated at Pras- 
nefte, and at the Porta Collina of Rome, by Sylia, 
who, after profcribing 40 fenators and 1600 equites, 
is made didlator, and continues fa for three years. 
81 Cicero began to plead, and made his firft oration, 
w'hich was for Quindfius, having entered the twenty- 
fixth year of his age. 
79 Sylia refigns the didfatorfnip, and dies the year after. 
Alexandra, by favouring the Pharifees, allumes the 
foie government of Judaea. 
77 M. Emilius Lepidus dies. 
76 Apollonius of Rhodes, rhetorician; Theodofius of 
Tripoli, mathematician; and Metrodorus Scepfius, 
philofopher, and miniller to Mithridates king of Pon- 
tus, lived at this time. 
75 Nicomedes, king of Bithynia, dying, bequeaths his 
kingdom to the Romans. 
74 Lucullus renews the war againft Mithridates, who had 
occupied Bithynia, and made a league with Sertorius. 
73 The Servile war begins under Spartacus, Oenomaus, 
and Crixus, the gladiators. 
71 Spartacus is defeated and killed by Craflus and Pom¬ 
pey, which ftnilhes the Servile war. Tyrannio the 
grammarian. 
70 Cicero makes his orations againft Verres, being thirty- 
fix years old. The cenforlhip is revived at Rome, hav¬ 
ing been difcontinued for fixteen years. M. Terentius 
Varro, the molt learned of the Romans. 
69 Lucullus defeats the two kings Mithridates and Ti- 
granes, in a great battle in Armenia, the day before 
the nones of December, and then takes Tigranocerta, 
with all the royal treafures. _ 
67 The battle of Jericho, in which Hyrcanus is defeated, 
and foon after dethroned, by his brother Ariftobulus. 
The war againft the Pirates began in the lpring, and 
was ended about Midfummer, by Pompey. 
66 Mithridates is defeated by Pompey in a night battle 
in the Upper Armenia. Crete is conquered by Me- 
tellus, after a war of two years, and reduced to a Ro¬ 
man province. 
65 The reign of the Sdeucidse ends in Syria, which is re¬ 
duced by Pompey to a Roman province. Antiochus 
Afiaticus the laft king of Syria. T. Lucretius Carus, 
the poet. 
O L O G Y. [Before Christ, 
63 The Cataline confpiracy dete&ed by Cicero, in 0 £lo- 
ber, and defeated by Antony, about the middle of 
December. Mithridates, after the lofs of a battle with 
his Ion Pharnaces, kills himfelf. Jerufalem is taken 
by Pompey, who reftores Hyrcanus. 
60 The firft triumvirate between Pompey, Csefar, and 
Craflus, concerted and concluded about the end of 
autumn, when Csefar returned from the conqueft of 
Lufitania. 
59 Q^y. Catullus, the lyric poet; Andronichs of Rhodes, 
reftorer of Ariftotle; and Cato, jun. of Utica, lived. 
58 Cicero is banilhed Rome, about the calends of April, 
by the inftigation of Clodius, and retires to Theffalo- 
nica. Csefar began to attack the Helvetii, April 1, 
having the year before obtained Cifalpine Gaul for 
five years, by the Lex Vatinia. 
57 Cicero is recalled from banifinuent, and thanks the fe- 
nate in an oration fpoken upon the nones of Septem¬ 
ber. Salluft the hiltorian. 
55 Csefar pafles the Rhine and defeats the Germans, and 
foon after makes his firft expedition into Britain, 
whence he returns in September. Labienus, general 
under Csefar in Gaul. 
53 Craflus is killed, and his army cut to pieces by the 
Parthians, under Surenas, at Sinnacain Melopotamia, 
in the Roman month of June, viz. the 9th, and near 
the fummer folftice. 
50 The Civil War properly begins on the aad of October, 
when the fenate ordered Csefar to dilband his army. 
Csefar befieges Pompey in Brundufium, December 26. 
49 Pompey fails from Brundufium, January the 3d; and 
Caefar enters it on the 4th ; and comes to Rome about 
the-s 9th. He befieges Marfeilles in the fpring ; de¬ 
feats Pompey’s lieutenants in Spain in the fummer ; 
returns to Rome in September; and pafles into Epirus 
Odtober the 15th. 
48 The battle of Pharfalia, fought about the aoth of July 
of their erroneous calendar, but about May the lath 
of the Julian year. 
47 The war of Alexandria, that city being taken by Ju¬ 
lius Csefar, January the 14th. 
46 The war of Africa, in which Cato kills himfelf at 
Utica, February the 5th. This is called the year of 
confujion, being correfted by Sofigenes, and confifting 
of fifteen months, and of 445 days. 
45 The battle of Munda in Spain, gained over Pompey’s 
fon and lieutenants, on March the 17th; and Csefar 
returned to Rome in Oftober. On the death of Fabius, 
Maximus Caninius Rebilus was made conlul for a 
few hours, December the 31ft. 
44 Caefar killed in the fenate-houfe, March the 15th, aged 
fifty-fix. Diodorus Siculus, the hiftorian, flourhhed. 
43 The battle of Mutina, April the 15 th. The fecund 
triumvirate, between Oftavius, Antony, and Lepidus, 
began November the 27th. Cicero put to death, De¬ 
cember the 7th. 
42 Caflius and Brutus defeated at Philippi in two battles, 
having an interval of twenty days ; the laft being 
fought about the end of Oftober. 
41 The fhort Peruvian war, in which Antony’s brother 
Lucius is overpowered by Obtavius. 
40 Jerufalem is tyrannically occupied by Antigonus, af- 
fifted by the Parthians. 
39 Pacoius, general of the Parthians, is defeated and killed 
by Ventidius, fourteen years after the defeat of Crall'us, 
on the fame day of the lame month of June, viz. the 
9th, being the Veitalia. 
38 The Spanilh era begins. See p. 539. 
37 Jerufalem is taken by Sofius and Herod, on January 
the ill; and Antigonus is (oon after put to death, 
which finilhes the Hafmonsean family, 126 years after 
Judas Maccabeus. 
-36 Sextus Pompeius defeated in Sicily by Oftavius and 
Lepidus ; but Lepidus loon after arrogating too much, 
is degraded from the triumvirate, and banilhed to 
Circeii, 
35 C&avhis 
