5 68 '' CHRYS AN 
examined, except a few fmall ones growing from the fif- 
i'ures of rocks, the root-leaves were toothed from end to 
end; thole, indeed, were only three-toothed at the tip, 
as in Jacquin’s figure. 
8. Chryfanthemum monfpelienfe, or Montpelier ox- 
eye: lower leaves palmate; leaflets linear, pinnatifid. An 
elegant plant, without fcent; perennial, with ereft branch^ 
ing items. 
9. Chryfanthemum balfamita: leaves ovate, oblong, fer¬ 
rate, eared. Found by Tournefoi t in the Levant. 
10. Chryfanthemum inodorum : leaves pinnate, multi¬ 
fid ; item branching, diffufed. Found in corn-fields and 
by road-fides, flowering from July to September. An¬ 
nual. Old authors ufually rank this plant with the cha¬ 
momiles ; Linnaeus had placed it among the matricarias ; 
but, on account of the lcariofe or fkinny edge of the ca- 
lycine fcales, he has removed it into this genus. 
11. Chryfanthemum achilleae, or milfoil-leaved chry¬ 
fanthemum : leaves bipinnate, pinnas imbricate; Item 
fluff and ftraight, many-flowered. Stem eredt, fomewhat 
angular, a foot high; leaves like thole of milfoil, only 
eight times as large, with eminent, but fcarcely vifible, 
dots fcattered over them, and a few white hairs under¬ 
neath ; the ends finilh in a whitifh point. Native of 
Italy ; perennial. Probably this and the italicum are one 
fpecies. 
12. Chryfanthemum corymbofum, or corymbed chry¬ 
fanthemum : leaves pinnate, galh-ierrate; Hem many- 
flowered. Stem eredt, from eighteen inches to two or 
three feet high, and more. The whole plant is without 
fmell or tafte ; perennial; flowering in July and Augult. 
Native of the fouth of France, Swiflerland, Germany, 
Auftria, Carniola, Hungary, Siberia, and in mountainous 
woods. 
II. Chryfanthema, with yellow corollas. 13. Chryfan¬ 
themum indicum : leaves Ample, ovate, finuate, angular, 
ferrate, acute. Root perennial ; Item herbaceous, an¬ 
nual, four feet high, upright, round; branches oblique, 
fubdivided, fmootb, and even. The many varieties of 
this fpecies dilfer not only in colour, but in fize and 
doublenefs, Thefe are cultivated through the whole em¬ 
pire of Japan, for the beauty of their flowers, which dif- 
play themfelves during the fummer and autumnal months. 
Alio in China and Cochinchina. 
14.. Chryfanthemum pinnatifidum, or cut-leaved chry¬ 
fanthemum : flirubby, leaves fmooth, drawn to a point 
at the bafe, pinnatifid; fegments galhed. Refembles the 
foregoing fo much as to feem only a variety; but the 
leaves of this are oblong, not ovate, and nearly four times 
the fize, as indeed all vegetables are in thefe iflands. 
Found by Maflbn on the higheft rocks of the ifland of 
Madeira, near the torrents. As the indicum is fo apt to 
vary, this may, perhaps, be no more than a variety. 
15. Chryfanthemum ar£ticum: leaves Ample, wedge- 
form, fubpalmate, multifid, obtufe. Native of Kamtf- 
chatka and Siberia. 
16. Chryfanthemum pedtinatum: leaves pinnate, linear, 
parallel, acute, quite entire; peduncles folitary, one- 
flowered. Native of Spain and Italy ; perennial. 
17. Chryfanthemum fegetum, or corn-marygold: leaves 
Aem-clafping, the upper laciniate, the lower tooth-ferrate. 
Whole plant fmooth ; Item a foot or more in height, up¬ 
right, ftriated, branched ; each branch terminated by one 
large yellow flower, befides the names of corn-marygold, 
and yellow or golden corn-flower, it is called yellow-bottle 
in Kent; huddle , which is a corruption of bottle, in Nor¬ 
folk; golds, or, as it is more commonly pronounced, 
goulds, or gowls, in the midland counties ; goulans, or gol- 
dins , in the north of England ; and gules, goals, guil/s, or 
yellow gowans, in Scotland; from the golden colour of 
the flowers, which, however they may give a brilliancy to 
the fields in tillage, and pleafe the eye of the palling tra¬ 
veller, as Linnaeus obferves, are no very agreeable light 
to the farmer; this plant being a very troublefome weed 
in fandy foils. Linnaeus informs us, that it was imported 
2 
T H E M U M. 
into Sweden along with corn from Jutland, about the 
end of the laft century, and that there is a law in Den¬ 
mark to oblige the farmers to extirpate it. A large quan¬ 
tity, which grew on arable land, was cut when in flower, 
dried, and eaten by horfes as a fubftitute for hay. The 
Germans ufe it for dying yellow. Linnaeus obferves that 
the flowers follow the fun remarkably. They appear from 
June to Oftober, and the plant is annual. 
.18. Chryfanthemum myconis, or tongue-leaved chry¬ 
fanthemum: leaves tongue-fhaped, obtufe, ferrate; fcales 
of the calyx equal. This refembles the foregoing greatly ; 
but the Item is eredt, even, and roundilh. Native of Por¬ 
tugal, Spain, and Italy; annual. 
19. Chryfanthemum Italicum: leaves bipinnate, fer¬ 
rate ; rays of the flowers the length of the difk ; ftern pro¬ 
cumbent. This refembles the next fpecies very much ; 
but the Item is more branched, many-flowered, and more 
eredt. The ray of the flower is white, the length of the 
diflc. O'blerved in Italy by Arduini. There is the fame 
reference to Miclieli in this and the eleventh fpecies ; per¬ 
haps they are the fame plant repeated. 
ao. Chryfanthemum millefoliatum : leaves bipinnate 
toothed ; Item decumbent; rays of the corolla fhorter 
• than the difk. Difk of the flower entirely without chaffs. 
It differs from the next fpecies in the diameter of the 
difk, not exceeding the length of the calyx; whereas in 
that the diflc is twice as broad. It borders on the fore¬ 
going fpecies. The habit is that of milfoil, but the leaves 
are a little larger. Native of Siberia. This plant is low 
and bufliy, but the flower-flems rife near two feet high. 
It begins to flower in June, and continues till September. 
Tournefort firft difcovered it in the Levant. 
ai. Chryfanthemum bipinnatum : leaves bipinnate, fer¬ 
rate, villofe ; rays fhorter than the difk. Obferved in Si¬ 
beria by Gmelin. 
22. Chryfanthemum coronarium, or garden chryfan¬ 
themum, or Cretan corn-marygold: leaves pinnate, gafhed 
broader outwards. Stem furrowed, leafy, branching, three 
feet high. Gasrtner removes all the fpecies of chryfan¬ 
themum which have the feeds crowned with a manifeft: 
margin to the genus Pyrethrum. O (fyrelhrum he re¬ 
marks, that it is only tanacetum with a ray. Native of 
Crete, Sicily, the Lower Valais, and mount Frala. Of 
this plant there are Angle and double flowers, both white 
and yellow. There is alfo a variety with fiftular florets, 
called quill-leaved chryfanthemum ; but the feeds of this 
degenerate to the common fort. 
23. Chryfanthemum flofculofum, or baftard chryfan¬ 
themum : all the florets uniform, hermaphrodite. A pro¬ 
cumbent, ever-green, underfhrub; flowers fmall, termi¬ 
nating, folitary, of a deep yellow colour. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope, and was introduced before 1605, by 
Parkinfon. 
24. Chryfanthemum Japonicum : leaves petioled, gafhed 
at the tip, and toothed. Stem Ample, eredt, ftriated, vil¬ 
lofe; leaves alternate, oblong, fmooth, green above, pale 
underneath, two inches long. 
25. Chryfanthemum ceratophylloides: ftem one-flower¬ 
ed; pinnas deeply cut. The whole plant is extremely 
fmooth; ftem Ample, one-flowered, leafy, ftraight, grow¬ 
ing to a foot in height. Grows on the mountains Tende 
andBriga; perennial. 
26. Chryfanthemum Arragonenfe: ftem one-flow'ered ; 
root-leaves heaped, linear, Alky, flightly three-toothed at 
the tip ; upper Item-leaves quite entire, acute. Stems 
low and flirubby, feldom above a foot high, putting out 
feveral flender woody branches, with narrow pale-green 
leaves. From the end of each branch a naked peduncle 
is produced, Ax inches long, fuftaining one flower of a 
fulphur colour. The flowers appear in June and July, 
but the feeds feldom ripen in England. Found in La 
Sierra de Villaroya, near Purujofa, in Arragon. 
27. Chryfanthemum procumbens: leaves finuate-gaflied, 
blunt; Item procumbent. Stem perennial, three feet high, 
frequently creeping, flender, and very much branched. 
There 
