C H R 
«mler(hrubby; leaves linear, ftraight, clliate; branches 
pubefcent. The ieventh fort is alfo a native of the Cape; 
this has a low (hrubby italic, which brandies out on every 
fide; leaves very narrow, fliort, rough, and reflexed •, the 
flowers ftand Angle on the top of naked peduncles, which 
arife from the upper part of the branches; thele flowers 
are larger than thofe of the lalt, and ftand erefl. 
8, Chryfocoma tomentofa : underflirubby; leaves and 
branches tomentofe. Leaves linear, ftraight; flowers as 
in the others. 
9. Chryfocoma fcabra : underflirubby; leaves lanceo¬ 
late-ovate, recurved, toothlet-derrate; peduncles pube- 
i’cent. Height nine to twelve inches, about the middle di¬ 
viding into many woody branches covered witii a, brown 
bark, and thefe into {'mailer green ones, on which are 
very narrow, fubhirfute, alternate, leaves. Peduncles 
long, (lender, with a few fmali leaves on them. Heads 
of flowers atfirft roundith, nothirfute ; afterwards longer, 
and contracted towards the end. Scale? of the calyx 
many, narrow, green. Corollas very (mull, yeiiow It 
flowers in Auguft and September; and is a native of 
the Cape. 
II. Herbaceous. 10. Chryfocoma linofyris, or German 
goldy-locks : herbaceous; leaves linear, (month ; calyxes 
lax. The tenth fort grows naturally in Germany, Swil- 
ferland, France, Italy, &c. This lias a perennial root; 
the ftalks rife two feet and a half high, are round, ftilf, 
and cloiely garnilhed with long, nanow. Imooth leaves, 
which come out without any order, of a pale green co¬ 
lour; the upper part of the (talk divides into many {len¬ 
der peduncles, each fuftaining a Angie lead of flowers, 
of a bright yellow, and ddpoied in form of an umbel. 
The peduncles (well under the flower, According to Hal¬ 
ler and Poltich ; this Allioni denies. Very fliort briftles 
on the receptacle. Pappus grows reddifli i>y age. Tile 
plant, when handled, lends forth a very fine aromatic 
lined. Cultivated in 16J3 by Mr. James Sutherland. 
11. Chryfocoma biflora, or two-fl wered goidy-locks: 
panicled ; leaves lanceolate, tliree-nerved, dented, naked. 
Koot perennial, creeping, fpreading on every tide to a 
considerable alliance, (ending up many ereCt ftalks, with 
fiat fpear-flinped leaves,’ ending in points. This flowers 
in June and July, and the (feeds ripen in autumn. 
12. Chryfocoma villofa: leaves lanceolate, vidofe.; ca¬ 
lyxes clofe. Stem a foot and,half high, upright, round, 
hoary, branched, f lowers yellow. Seeds ('mail, nirfute, 
crowned with dun-coloured hairs. Native of Siberia 
13. Chryfocoma purpurea': herbaceous; leaves eiliptic- 
lanceolate,. fubferrate, pubefcent; panicle terminating; 
corymbed. Found in the die of Tanna, on the 12th of 
Auguft, 1774. 
Propagation and Culture. Mod of thefe plants are pe¬ 
rennial, and natives of the Cape of Good Hope. They 
may be increafed by cuttings, which, if planted in. a 
common border, in any of the fummer months, and co¬ 
vered with hand-glafl'es, will eaflly take root, provided 
they are dialled from the fun, and duly watered; when 
thefe have gotten good roots, they (hould be carefully 
taken up, and each planted in a (feparate pot, Ailed with 
light earth, placing them in the (hade tiil they have taken 
new root; then they may be expofed with other hardy 
exotic plants till autumn, when they mull be removed in¬ 
to the green-houfe during the winter feafon; they (hould 
enjoy a large (hare of free air in mild weather, for they 
only require protection from froft, and mull not be too 
tenderly treated. Some of them, as the lfecond and fixth, 
ripen their feeds very well, and may be increafed by flaw¬ 
ing thefe in the fpring on a border of light earth; but 
the way of raifing them by cuttings is more expeditious, 
and therefore mod common. See Gnafhalium, Co- 
nyza Inuloides, Solidago Lanceolata, and Xe- 
RANTHE MUM. 
CHRYSOGO'NIA, f. [from wvff&f and ytvo to 
become.] The tin&ure of gold. 
C H R 571 
CFIRYSO'GONUM, f. [from gold, and yotv, 
the knee, or a joint.] Golden-joint; in botany, a ge¬ 
nus of the clafs fyngenefia, Order polygamia necefTaria, 
natural order of compofitae opjJofitifoliae. The generic 
characters are—Calyx: colnmon five-leaved, flat, (pread- 
ing; leaflets lanceolate, nearly the length pf the flower. 
Corolla : compound radiate;.conflictshermaphrodite, veiy 
many in the difk ; females five in the ray : proper, in the 
hermaphrodites funnel-form, five-toothed, ereCt; in the 
females ligulate, oblong, truncate, three-toothed. Sta¬ 
mina : in the hermaphrodites, filaments five, very fmali; 
antherae cylindric, tubular. Piftillum: in the hermaphro¬ 
dites, germ very (mail; ftyle fetace'ous, length of the co- 
rollet; ltigrna obfeure : in the females, genu larger, co¬ 
vered with its proper perianth-; ftyle (liorter; ftigmas 
two, revolute. Pericarpium : none ; calyx unchanged. 
Seeds: of the hermaphrodites,'none; of the females, fo- 
litary, inverfe, heart-(haped, depreffed-qua'drangular, with 
the lides widrfli, crowned with a three-toothed fcaie gap¬ 
ing inwards, contracted towards the bafe : each (feed lies 
concealed within its proper four-leaved glume,, the out¬ 
ward fcaie being ovate and wider; the three remaining 
ones very narrow, clofely converging, and gaping when 
the feed is ripe. Receptacuium: chaffy, flat; chaffs li¬ 
near, obtufe.— EJfential Character. Calyx, five-leaved; 
(eed, involved in a four-leaved calycle; pappus one-leafed, 
three-toothed; receptacuium, chaffy. 
There is but one (peeks, called chryfogonum virginia- 
num. The leaves reiemble thofe of common baum, mo¬ 
derately hairy, oppofite, on long petioles ; on the top a 
golden flower. Chaffs of the receptacle difform ; thofe 
of the di(k Ample, linear-oblong, obtufe, concave, pube¬ 
fcent on the outfide, one to each floret; thofe of the ray 
compound, four to each floret, united into a (heath for 
the (feed, the outer one larger than the reft, obovate, con¬ 
vex on one (ide, concave on the other, lying on the back, 
of the feed, the three inner ones narrow, linear-oblongs 
doling the aperture left by the outer, fo that two cover 
the fries of the feed, whillt the third is on the middle of 
the belly, and bears-the germ of the barren floret before 
it. Seeds obovate, convex without, concave within, hav¬ 
ing two obfeure grooves on them, and of a pale bay co¬ 
lour. Pappus membranaceous, one-leafed, turbinate, 
(liorter by half than the feed, opening inwards, and hav¬ 
ing fix teeth or fewer on the upper margin. Native of 
Virginia-, where it was firft obferved by Gronovi-us. See 
Lto.MTiCE and Zinnia. 
CHRYSOLO RUS (Emanuel), one of thofe learned 
men in the fourteenth century, who brought the Greek 
literature into the weft. Fie was a man of rank, and de- 
feended from an ancient family, (aid to have removed 
with Conftantine from Rome to Byzantium. He was 
lent into Europe by the emperor of the eaft to implore 
the afliftance of the Chriftian princes againft the Turks. 
Fie afterwards taught at Florence, Venice, Pavia, and 
Rome ; and died at Constantinople, in 1415, aged 47, He 
wrote a Greek grammar, and fome other fmali pieces. 
CHRY'SOLITE, f. [%pt>£ro;, gold, and AiSq;, a Hone.] 
A precious done of a duiky green, with a call of yellow» 
It is a fpecies of topaz. See (Mineralogy. 
If metal, part feem gold, part filver clear 1 
If (tone, carbuncle molt, or chryfolite . 'Milton, 
CHRYSOMETA,/. in entomology, a genus of infeCts 
belonging to the order of coleoptera. The antennae are 
(haped like bracelets, and thicker on the outfide; and 
neither the brealt nor the elytra are marginated. There 
are no lefs than two hundred and feventy-one fpecies 
enumerated by Dr. Gmelin, principally diftinguifhed by 
differences in their colour. They are to be found almolt 
every where, in woods, gardens, See. Their progrefiive 
motion is (low; and fome when caught emit an oily liquor 
of a difagreeable fmell. The glittering colours with which 
feveral fpecies of chryfomeke are adorned, and which 
fee iss 
