572 . C H R 
feem to exhibit the brilliancy of gold and copper, have 
occafioned their bearing that pompous name. The larvae 
of tliefe in {efts have in general an oval body, rather ob¬ 
long and foft.; on the fore-part of which are fituated.fix 
feet, which are fcaly,.as is alfo the head. They prey upon 
the fubftance of leaves, reje£ting the fibrous parti Thofe 
of the leaping cryfomelae in felt the cotyledons and tender 
leaves of plants. Of this genus is that very pernicious 
infect called by the country people the turnip fly, which 
infelts turnips aiVl many-crops in the garden, deftroying 
often whole fields while in their feedling leaves.' In very 
hot fummers they abound to an amazing degree, and 
make a pattering like rain, by jumping on the leaves of 
the turnips or cabbages. • 
To illultrate this" beautiful genus of infefts, we have 
in the annexed engraving delineated the following fpecies: 
Fig. i. Chryfomela polita, green underneath, (hot with 
copper colour; the head and thorax of a bright coppery 
gilt colour; the elytra of a faint red, minutely fpotted; 
and the wings beneath the elytra are red. It dwells on 
the willow, poplar, &c. 2. Staphylea, nearly of the fame 
colour, but more elongated. 3. Graminis, of an oval 
ihape, and very convex; its colour is all over of a fine 
glofly green blended with a yellowifh tint, which pro¬ 
duces a gold-green refleftion ; the thorax is Hoped off be¬ 
fore at the junction with the head. It feeds on the dead- 
nettle, mint, hedge-nettle, and other labiated plants. 
4 and 5. Two varieties of the chryfomela falluofa, flying; 
they nearly referable the preceding in colour, though 
much fmaller. 6. The fanguinolenta; its head and tho¬ 
rax are blue ; the elytra are raven-grey, with a finning 
fteel glafs, and margined at the fides with a band of beau¬ 
tiful red ; the wings are alfo red, folding clofe under the 
elytra : it is very common in woods and forefts. 7. Chry- 
fomela armorica; the head and thorax of a bluilh fteel - 
colour ; the elytra red, with one black fpot at the extre¬ 
mity of each. 8. The hasmoptera; a fpecies nearly round, 
all over of a beautiful violet colour, very fmooth and 
Ihining : its wings, concealed underthe elytra, are red, 
9; Chryfomela populi ; a beautiful infe£t of a rich deep 
blue on the head, thorax, and under parts; the elytra 
are of a bright chefnut; and it is drawn flying, to fhew 
its wings, which are membranaceous, and of a pale yel¬ 
low or ftraw-.colour. 10. The boleti; its head and thorax 
are of a fteel-colour; the anus black; the elytra bright 
chefnut, with a black tranfverfe band in the center. 11. 
Chryfomela Banklii, named from fir Jofeph Bankes, who 
introduced it; the whole in left is-of-a dark olive colour, 
but bright arid fhining on the back and efcutcheon. 12. 
The-pnndtata, all over red, fpotted with black. 13. The 
tenebriofa, a large fpecies,' almolt round, and wholly 
black; the legs are greatly ferrated ; the efcutcheon and 
top of the elytra bright and fhining, with fteel reflections.' 
14. The fulphurea, a-.fmall fpecies, elongated,.and all over 
of a bright brimftone colour. 15. Chrylbmela mordigera; 
its thorax black; efcutcheon and elytra red. 16. The 
four-fpotted chryfomela; the head and thorax blaek; 
efcutcheon Heel-coloured ; elytra deep orange, with two 
black equi-diliant fpots on each. 17. The cervina ; of a 
flender form, and or a reddifh draw colour, 18. The ca- 
raboides; very much elongated, and all over of a deep 
fhining verditer green. Thefe abound. greatly in Eng¬ 
land, but are of a much finaller lize than molt of the fo¬ 
reign fpecies. 
CHRY SOPKYL/LUM, f [from yyvcroq and 1 tpvhKov, 
golden leaf.] In botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, 
order monogynitf, natural order dumofae. The generic 
characters are—Calyx: perianthium five parted, final 1; 
leaflets roundifli, obtufe, permanent. Corolla: mouope- 
talous, bcll-fhaped; border five-cleft; fegments ; c undifli, 
very much expanded, fhorter than the tube. ■ Stamina t 
filaments five, fubulate, placed on the tube, converging; 
anther* roandifh, twin, incumbent. Piftilluin: germ 
roundifli; ftyle very fliort; (tignia obtufe, fbbquinquefid. 
Pericardium: berry globular, ttn-celled, large. Seeds s 
C FI R 
'folitary, bony, comprefted, marked with a fear, Aiming.— 
EJflential Character. Corolla, bell-lhaped, ten cleft; leg- 
ments alternate, fpreading ; berry ten-leeded. 
Species. 1. Chryfophy 1 lum cainito, or broad-leaved 
liar-apple : leaves ovate, flriated in parallel lines, tomen- 
tofe, and fhining underneath. Leaves alternate, petioled*. 
quite entire; peduncles lateral, one-flowered, numerous, 
very fliort. Browne has two fpecies of chryfophyllum, 
which he calls— 1. Star-apple-tree, and 2 , Damfon-plum. 
The latter is made a diftinCt fpecies by Swartz. Both 
have the leaves ferruginous underneath. The fruit of 
the firft is larger and globular; of the fecond, finaller and 
fmooth. The laft, he fays, is found wild in many parts 
of Jamaica, but feldom grows to any confiderable fize: 
the. firft is cultivated all over the country., and thrives 
with very little care; it rifes commonly to a confiderable 
fize, and fpreads much; but its branches, like thofe of 
the other fort, are very (lender and flexile, and hang down 
when charged with fruit. This is full of milk, and the 
fruit retains it even in the mod perfeft ftate; but, though 
this juice be rough and aftringent in the bark, See. and 
even in the fruit before it ripens; yet, when it grows to 
full perfection, it becomes fweet and gelatinous, with an 
agreeable clamminefs, and is very much efteemed. The 
juice of this fruit, a little before it is perfectly ripe, being 
mixed with a fmall quantity of orange juice, binds the 
body extremely, and doubtlefs would make a very power¬ 
ful remedy on many occafions; or eating the two fruits 
together would have the fame efteiSt. Perhaps the aCtion 
of the fire might take off much of the native roughnefs 
of the juice, if it were to be infpiflated by that means. 
The germ has ten diftinft cells, but moll of the feeds are 
abortive; and, when the fruit is ripe, it feldom contains 
above four or five. There are feveral varieties. 
2. Chryfophyllum argenteum, or narrow-leaved ftar- 
apple: leaves fickle-ovate, ftiining, and tomentofe under¬ 
neath. The leaves of this are green and fmooth on their 
upper furface, without'the parallel lines which mark the 
foregoing ; underneath they are of a filvery fhining green. 
The fruit is roundifli, of a dirty blue purple, the fize pi 
a middling plum, and eatable; the pulp is foft, blueifh, 
flightly milky, and’ has the tafte of the others. It is a 
native of Martinico. 
3. Chryfophyllum glabrum, or fmooth-leaved ftar-ap¬ 
ple : leaves quite fmooth on both fides. This tree grows 
fifteen feet in height, ereCt, and branching;.leaves ovate, 
acute, quite entire, fhining on both fides, petioled, hardly 
two inches in length ; fruit blue, the form and fize of a 
fmall olive, with the tafte of the foregoing; but feldom 
eaten, except by (laves and children. 
Species from Swartz. 4. Chryfophyllum monopyre- 
num, or one-feeded ftar-apple, or damfon-plum : leaves 
elliptic, acuminate, golden-tomentofe beneath; fruit 
ovate, one-feeded. 5. Chryfophyllum npicrocarpum, or 
fmall ftar-apple : leaves ovate, fmooth, pubefeent be¬ 
neath"; berries oblique, oblong, one-feeded, 6 . Chryfo¬ 
phyllum rugofum, or wrinkled ftar-apple : leaves oblong, 
long, acuminate, fmooth on both fides; fruit acuminate, 
wrinkled. Thefe, with the other fpecies, are natives of 
the Weft Indies. 
Propagation and Culture. Thefe trees are preferved in 
feveral curious gardens for the beauty of their-leaves, 
efpecially the firlt fort, whole under fides fhine like fattin, 
the upper fides are of a deep green. The leaves continue 
all the year, and make a very pretty appearance in the 
ftove at all feal'ons. Being- natives of the hotteft parts of 
the world, they cannot be preferved in this country, with¬ 
out being kept in the warmeft iloves; and fhould always 
remain in a hot-bed of tanners’ bark, otherwife they will 
make but little progrefs. They are propagated by feeds, 
which murt be procured from the places of their growth, 
for they do not produce fruit in Europe. Thefe feeds 
inuft be frefli, otherwife they will not grow; if they are 
lent over in land, it will preferve them from drying too 
much 3 when the feeds arrive, they muft be lown as loon 
as 
