C H U 
to Charles IT. ftruck by thofe very graces, gave him 
jjoool. with which he immediately bought an annuity for 
his life of 500I. a year, of my grandfather Halifax ; which 
was the foundation of his fublequent fortune. His figure 
was beautiful; but his manner was irrefiltible, by either 
man or woman. It was by this engaging graceful man¬ 
ner that he was enabled, during all his war, to conned! 
the various and jarring powers of the grand alliance, and 
to carry them on to the main objeCt of the war, notwith- 
ftanding their private and feparate views, jealoufies, and 
wrongheadednefles. Whatever court he went to (and he 
was often obliged to go himfelf to fome telly and refrac¬ 
tory ones), he as conllantly prevailed, and brought them 
into his meafures. The penfionary Heinfius, a venerable 
old minifter, grown grey in bufinefs, and who had go¬ 
verned the republic of the United Provinces for more 
than forty years, was abfolutely governed by the duke of 
Marlborough, as that republic feels to this day. He was 
always cool; and nobody ever obferved the lead variation 
in his countenance : he could refufe more gracefully than 
other people could grant; and thofe who went away from 
him the moll diffatisfied as to the fubltance of their bufi¬ 
nefs, W'ere yet perlonally charmed with him, and in fome 
degree comforted by his . manner. With all his gentle- 
nels and gracefulnefs, no man living was more confcious 
of his fituation, nor maintained his dignity better.” 
A perufal of the above palfage will convince us of the 
fuperficial turn of the earl of Chefterfield’s mind. His 
lordfhip, in his zeal to exalt the duke of Marlborough’s 
external accomplifhments, either forgets or depreciates 
the far greater talents of which he was polfelfed. There 
is an obfervation upon the fubjeCl in the Britifh Biogra¬ 
phy, with which we entirely concur. “ That the duke 
of Marlborough (fays the writer) was eminently diftin - 
guilhed by the gracefulnefs of his manners, cannot be 
queftioned : but the earl of Chefterfield appears to have 
attributed too much to their influence, when he afcribes 
—the better half of the duke of Marlborough’s greatnefs 
and riches to thofe graces. That the gracefulnefs of his 
manners facilitated his advancement, and contributed to 
the fuccefs of his negociations, may readily be admitted ; 
but furely it mud have been to much higher qualities 
that he owed the elleem of king William and of prince 
Eugene, his reputation throughout all Europe, and his 
many victories and conquefts. It was not by a polite ex¬ 
terior that he obtained his laurels at Schellenberg, at 
Oudenarde, at Ramifies, and at Blenheim.” 
The duke of Marlborough’s Scots title of baron Ey- 
mouth, being to heirs-male, died with himfelf; but his 
Englilh title going to his daughters and their heirs-male, 
went into the Spencer family, who retain their own fur- 
name of Spencer.—See the article Heraldry. 
CHUR'CHILL (Charles), an elegant poet and cele¬ 
brated fatyrill, was fon of the Rev. Charles Churchill, cu¬ 
rate and leCturer of St. John’s Weftminller ; and born in 
1731. He was educated at Weftminller fchool, where 
his capacity was deemed greater than his application ; fo 
that he had the character of one of thofe who could do 
fomething if he would. It is eafy to conceive, that a 
Itrong imgination and violent fpirits, fuels as he polfelfed, 
could not tamely pace on in the trammels o£-a fchool- 
education. When fent to Oxford, he was refufed admit¬ 
tance, for want of Ikill in the learned languages : it is 
faid, that he could have palfed the examination if he would, 
but that he fo defpifed the trifling quellions put to him, 
as even to ridicule the gentleman who examined him. 
Upon returning from Oxford, he applied again to his 
Itudies at Weftminller; and there, at the age of feven- 
teen, contracted an intimacy with a lady, whom he mar¬ 
ried. At the ufual age of going into orders, he was or¬ 
dained by the bilhop of London, though he had taken no 
degree, nor ftudied in either univerlity; and the firit em¬ 
ployment he had, was a curacy in Wales of 30I. a year. 
In order to eke out his fcanty finances, he entered into a 
Vol. IV. No mi. 
C H U 585 
branch of trade ; which was no other than keeping a cider 
cellar, and dealing in this liquor through that part of the 
country : but this did not anlwer, and a fort of rural bank¬ 
ruptcy was the confequence of his attempt. 
Upon leaving Wales, he came to London, and his fa¬ 
ther dying foon after, he ftept into the church where he 
had - officiated. To improve his income, he was employed 
in a boarding-fthool, where he behaved with the moll 
exaCt decorum. His revenue, however, not fufficing for 
his ftyle of living, feveral debts were contracted ; and a 
gaol feerned ready to complete his misfortunes. Mr. 
Lloyd, the father of the poet of that name, and who was 
fecond mailer of Weftminller fchool, relieved him from 
this diltrefs, by paying his debts, or at lead fatisfying his 
creditors ; and Mr. Lloyd, the fon, foon after publishing 
his much-applauded poem, intituled, the ACtor, Chur¬ 
chill followed his example, and undertook the Rofciad. 
It firft came out without the name of the author; but the 
juftnefs of its remarks, and particularly the feverity of the 
latire, greatly excited the public curiofity. Though he 
never difowned this piece, but even openly gloried in it; 
yet the public feemed unwilling to give him credit for it, 
and aferibed it to a combination of wits, fuch as Lloyd, 
Colman, Thornton, &c. but to reCtify this miftake, he let 
his name to the fecond edition. His next performance 
was an Apology to the Critical Reviewers : a perfor¬ 
mance much applauded alfo, and equally fatirical with 
the former. 
But what fame he got by thefe productions, which was 
indeed very great and delerved, he loll by his morals; 
and, while his-writings amufed the town, his aCtions dil- 
gulled it. Intoxicated with luccels, he now quitted his 
w'ife ; and refigning his gown, with all clerical functions, 
he commenced a man of the town, and indulged in all 
the gaieties and vices of it. His next poem was enti- 
tuled, Night r and after that he publilhed the Ghoft. Dr. 
Johnfon, had, it leems, fpoken ligntly of Churchill's pro¬ 
ductions : in this poem he has deferibed Johnfon under 
the character of Pompol’o, and the defeription as allowed 
to have merit. The poems, Night and the Ghoft, had not 
the rapid fale expeCted by the author; but the Prophecy 
of Famine, which fucceeded, produced him again in all 
his luftre. It had all the circurnftances of time, place, 
and party, to recommend it; and Mr. Wilkes faid, before 
its publication, “ that he was lure it mult take, becaufe 
it was at once perfonal, poetical, and political.” He af¬ 
terwards publiffied his Epiltle to Hogarth, Gotham, In- 
dependance, the Times, See. in all which there are things 
great and fhining : but, upon the whole, they feem writ¬ 
ten by a man who defired to avail himfelf of the public 
curiofity in his favour, and whofe principal aim herein 
was at the pockets of his readers. In October 1764. he 
went to Boulogne, on a vifit to Mr. Wilkes; and was 
there attacked by a fever, which fuddenly carried him off 
on the 5th of November. After his death, his poems 
were collected and printed together in two vols. 8vo. 
CHURCHWARD (Thomas), a poet who flourilhedin 
the reigns of Henry VIII. Edward VI. queen Mary, and 
queen Elizabeth. He was born at Shrewlbury, and inhe¬ 
rited a fortune, which he foon exhaufted in a fruitlefs 
attendance on the court, by which he only gained the 
favour of being retained a domeftic in the family of lord 
Surrey; when, by his iordlhip’s encouragement, he com¬ 
menced poet. Upon his patron’s death, he betook him¬ 
felf to arms; was in many engagements, .was frequently 
wounded, and twice made prifoner. He publilhed twelve 
pieces, which he afterwards printed together in one vo¬ 
lume, under the title of Churchyard’s Chips; and alfo 
the tragedy of Thomas Moubray duke of Noifolk. He 
died in 1570. 
CHUR'CO, a town of Afiatic Turkey, on the coaft 
of Caramania, about forty-fix miles from the ifle of 
Cyprus. 
CHURL,/, [cecjtl, Sax. carl, in German, is Itrong, 
7 K rultics 
