586 C H U 
nifties being generally ftrong bodied,] Aruftic; a coun¬ 
tryman ; a labourer; 
From this light caufe th’ infernal maid prepares 
The country churls to mifchief, hate, and wars. Dryden. 
A rude, furly, ill-bred, man.—A churl's courtefy rarely 
comes, but either for gain or falfehood. Sidney. —A mi¬ 
ter ; a niggard; a felfilh or greedy wretch : 
Poifon, I fee, hath been his timelefs end I 
O churl, drink all, and leave no friendly drop 
To help me after ! Sbakefpeare. 
CHURLE, Ceorl, or Carl, / in the Saxon times, 
fignified a tenant at will, who held of the thanes on 
condition of rent and fervice. They were of two forts : 
one rented the eltate like our farmers; the other tilled 
and manured the demefnes, and were called ploughmen. 
See Ceorlks, 
CHURL'ISH, adj. Rude; brutal; liarth; auftere; four; 
mercilefs;unkind; uncivil.—A lionin love with alafs,de- 
tired her father’s content. The anfwer was churlijh enough: 
He’d never marry his daughter to a brute. L'EJlrange. — 
Selfilh ; avaricious.—The mail was churlijh and evil in his 
doings, i Samuel. —[Of things.] Unpliant; crofs-grained; 
unmanageable; harth; not yielding.—The Cornith were 
become, like metal often fired and quenched, churlijh, 
and that would fooner break than bow. Bacon. —In the 
hundreds of Effex they have a very churlijh blue clay. 
Mortimer. —Vexatious; obltruStive : 
Will you again unknit 
This churlijh knot of all abhorred war ? Shakefpeare. 
CHURL'ISHLY, adv. Rudely; brutally.—To the oak, 
now regnant, the olive did churlijhly put over the fon for 
a reward of the fervice of his fire. Howell. 
CHURLISHNESS,/, [cyphycneype, Sax.] Brutality; 
ruggednefs of manner.—In the churlijhnejs of fortune, a 
poor honed: man fuffers in this world. L'EJlrange. 
CHURME, /. [more properly chirm, from the Saxon 
cyjtme, a clamour or noife; as to cbirre is to coo as a 
turtle.] A confufed found; a noife.—He w'as conveyed 
to the Tower, with the cburme of a thoufand taunts and 
reproaches. Bacon. 
CHURN, / [properly chern, frdm kern, Dut. cepene. 
Sax.] The veffel in which the butter is, by long and 
violent agitation, coagulated and feparated from the fe- 
rous part of the milk. See the article Butter, vol. iii. 
p. 552, See. 
To CHURN, %>. a. [kernen , Dutch.] To agitate or (hake 
any thing by a violent motion.—The mechanifm of na¬ 
ture, in converting our aliment, conftfts in mixing with 
it animal juices, and in the hCtion of the folid parts, 
churning them together, Arbuthnot. —-To make butter by 
agitating the milk.—You may try the force of imagina¬ 
tion, upon haying the coming of butter after the churn - 
big. Bacon. 
CHURN, a river of England, which runs into the 
Thames, at Cricklade. 
CHUR'NET, a river of England, which runs into the 
Dare, in Stafford (hire. 
CHURR' WORM,/, [from cyjtjtan.Sax.] An infefl that 
turns about nimbly ; called alio a fancricket. Skinner. 
CKURSAN', a town of Arabia: thirty-two miles north- 
faft of Chamir. 
CHUS, or Chusch. It is a tradition of an ancient 
handing, that the Chus of the Scriptures denotes Ethio¬ 
pia, and Chufchi an Ethiopian: the Septuagint and Vul¬ 
gate conftantly tranflate it fo; and in this they are fol¬ 
lowed by mod: interpreters, and by Jofephus and Jerome, 
And yet what Bochart argues to the contrary is of no 
inconfiderable weight, from Ezekiel xxix. 10. in which 
the two oppofite extremes of Egypt are defigned; and 
therefore Chus, which is oppofite to Syrene, mud: be Ara¬ 
bia : but this is more ftrongly pointed out by Xenophon, 
C J A 
by whom Ethiopia is faid to be* the fouth boundary of 
Cyrus's empire ; and Herodotus dillinguifhes between the 
Ethiopians of Alia and Africa, conjoining the former 
w'ifh the Arabians. 
To CHUSE. See To Choose. 
CHUSISTAN', or Kusistan, a province of Perfia, 
bounded on the north by the Irak Agemi, on the eaft by 
Farfiftan, on the fouth by the gulf of Perfia, and on the 
wed: by the Tigris, which feparates it from the Arabian. 
Irak. The country is extenfive, but thinly inhabited. It 
produces corn, rice, cotton, fugar, tobacco, and dates. 
The northern part is mountainous, but the fouthern flat 
and marfhy. This country was called by the Greeks Sujiana, 
from Sufa, the capital. 
CHUS'KA, a town of Afia, in the country of Thibet: 
twenty-five miles weft-fouth-weft: of Tankia. 
CHU'TA-NAGPOUR, a town of Hindooflan, in the 
country of Bahar; 150 miles louth of Patna, and 190 wed: 
of Calcutta. 
CHUTE, a river of England, which runs into the 
Avon, near Bath. 
CHUR.WAL'DEN, a country of Swifferland, in the 
league of the Ten Jurifdiftions, purchafed of the houfe 
of Auflria, in 1649. The catholic inhabitants yet uie 
the old calendar. 
CHUWA'SCH, a towm of Perfia, in the province of 
Segeltan : feventy miles fouth-eaft of Zareng. 
CHWAS'FOW, a town of Poland, in the palatinate 
of Kiov : forty miles fouth-fouth-weft of Kiov. 
CHYLA'CEOUS, adj. Belonging to chyle ; confiding 
of chyle.—When the fpirits of the chyle have half fer¬ 
mented the chylaceous mafs, it has the ftate of drink not 
ripened by fermentation. Floyer. 
CHYLE, / [ chylus, Lat. from yyu, to pour out.] The 
white juice formed in the ftomach by digeftion of the ali¬ 
ment, and afterwards changed into blood. See Anatomy, 
vol. i. p. 632. 
This powerful ferment, mingling with the parts, 
The leaven’d mafs to milky chyle converts. Blackmore. 
CPIYLIFAC'TION, /. The a£t or procefs of making- 
chyle in the body.—Drinking excefiively during the time 
of chylijaflion, flops perlpiration. Arbuthnot. 
CHYLIFAC'TIVE, adj. [from chylus, and facio, Lat. 
to make.] Having the power of making chyle. 
CHYLOPOE'TIC, adj. [from yj>ho<;, chyle, and irony, 
to make.] Having the power, or the office, of forming 
chyle.—According to the force of the chylopoetic organs, 
more or lets chyle may be extra&ed from the fame food. 
Arbuthnot. 
CHY'LOUS, adj. Confiding of chyle; partaking of 
chyle.—Milk is the chylous part of an animal, already pre¬ 
pared. Arbuthnot. 
CHYME, / [ cbymus , Lat. from Vvy, Gr. to pour out, 
perhaps from Dwa chimus, Arab.] Humour. Any kind 
of juice or humour which is incraffated by concofition. 
Any morbid fecretion of the fluids. 
CHYME'RE, /. A kind of jacket 5 alfo a herald’s coat 
of arms. 
CHYMIA'TRIA,/ [yv^ix, chemiftry, and taiofws, to 
heal.] The art of curing difeafes by the application of 
chemiftry to the ufes of medicine, 
CHY'MISTRY. See Chemistry. 
CHYMO'LOGI, f. An appellation among botanifts, 
given to fuch as have employed their time in inveftigating 
the properties of plants b om their tafte and fmell. 
CHYTRACU'LIA. See Calyp t rasthes. 
CHY'TRIUMj a place in Ionia, in which formerly 
flood Clazomene; the Ciazomenians, through fear of the 
Perfiar.s, removing from the continent to art adjacent 
ifland. Alexander reduced the ifiand, by a mole or caule- 
way, to a peninftila. 
CIACCQ'NIUS (Petrus)} a learned critic of Spain., 
born at Toledo in 1525, and died at Rome in 15B1 He 
was 
