592 C I C 
approved epistolary compofition ; uniting familiarity with 
elevation, and eafe with elegance. They difplay in a 
beautiful light the author’s character in the focial rela¬ 
tions of life; as a warm friend, a zealous patron, a ten¬ 
der hulband, an affectionate brother, an indulgent father, 
and a kind mailer. Beholding them in a more extenfive 
View, they exhibit an ardent love of liberty and the con- 
ftitution of his country; they difcover a mind Strongly 
aftuated with the principles of virtue and reafon ; and, 
while they abound in fentiments the moll judicious and 
philofopbical, they are occafionally blended with the 
charms of wit, and agreeable effufions of pleafantry. 
What is likewife no fmall addition to their merit, they 
contain much interelting defcription of private life., with 
a variety of information relative to public tranfaCtions 
and characters of that age. It appears from Cicero’s cor- 
refpondence, that there was at that time fuch a number 
of illuftrious Romans, as never before exifted in any one 
period of the republic. If ever, therefore, the authority of 
men the moll refpeCtable for virtue, rank, and abilities, 
could have availed to overawe the firll attempts at a vio¬ 
lation of public liberty, it mult have been at this period ; 
for the dignity of the Roman fenate was now in the ze¬ 
nith of its fplendour. 
Cicero has been accufed of exceffive vanity, and of ar¬ 
rogating to himfelf an invidious fuperiority from his ex¬ 
traordinary talents; but whoever perufes his letters to 
Atticus, mull readily acknowledge that this imputation 
appears to be deftitute of truth. In thofe excellent pro¬ 
ductions, though he adduces the Itrongeft arguments for 
and againlt any objeCt of confideration, that the molt pe¬ 
netrating underltanding can fuggeft, weighs them with 
each other, and draws from them the molt rational con- 
clulions; he yet difcovers fuch a diffidence in his own opi¬ 
nion, that he religns himfelf implicitly to the judgment 
and direction of his friend ; a modelty not very com¬ 
patible with the difpofition of the arrogant, who are 
commonly tenacious of their own opinion, particularly 
in what relates to any decifion of the underltanding. It 
is difficult to fay, whether Cicero appears in his letters 
more great or amiable; but that he was regarded by his 
contemporaries in both thefe lights, and that too in the 
higheft degree, is fufficiently evident. We may thence 
infer, that the great poets in the fubfequent age mull 
have done violence to their own liberality and difeern- 
ment, when, in compliment to Augultus, whofe fenfibi- 
lity would have been wounded by the praifes of Cicero, 
and even by the mention of his name, they have fo in- 
duilrioufly avoided the fubjeCl, as not to afford the moll 
diltant intimation that this immortal orator and pliilofo- 
pher had ever-exilted. Livy, however, there is reafon to 
think, did fome jultice to his memory; but it was hot 
until the race of the Ctefars had become extinft, that he 
received the free and unanimous applaufe of impartial 
polterity^ Such was the admiration which Quintilian en¬ 
tertained of his writings, that he confidered the circum- 
itance of being delighted with them, as an indubitable 
proof of judgment and talle in literature, llle fe profecijfe 
feiat, cui Cicero amide placebit. 
The molt valuable editions of the works of Cicero, 
which now remain, are as‘follow: that of Verburgius, 
■z vols. fol. Amlt. 1724; that of Olivet, 9 vols. 4to. Ge¬ 
neva, 1758; the Oxford edition in 10 vols. 4to. 1782; and 
that of Lallemand, iamo. 14 vols. Paris apud Barbou, 1768. 
Marcus, the fon of Cicero, was taken by Augultus as his 
colleague in the confuilliip. He revenged his father’s 
death, by throwing public difhonour on the memory of 
Antony. He difgraced his father’s virtues, and was fo 
fond of drinking, that Pliny obferves, he wilhed to de¬ 
prive Antony of the honour of being the greateft drunkard 
in the Roman empire. Sluintus, the brother of the orator, 
was Caefar’s lieutenant in Gaul, and proconful of Alia, 
tor three years. He was proferibed with his fon at the 
fame time as his brother Tully. 
CI'CERO, a military townlhip of the American States, 
C I c 
in New York diftriCt, on the fauth-weft fide of Oneida* 
lake, and between it the Salt lake, and the Salt fprings. 
CICHORA'CEOUS, adj. [from cichorium, Lat.] Having 
the qualities of fuccory.—Diuretics evacuate the fait le« 
rum; as all acid diuretics, and the teltaceous and bitter 
cichoraceoiis plants. Flayer. 
CICHO'RIUM, f. [originally, according to Pliny, an. 
Egyptian name, and adopted by the Greeks. It is writ¬ 
ten fometimes aiyopewv, fometimes ny opiov or xtp^tvpiov. It 
is fuppofed to have this name, <osuyoc to a. tuv yu^wv y.iuv, 
from its creeping through the fields. Others derive it 
from v.\yyoj, inajenio, on account of its being fo readily 
found, or fo common.] Succory ; in botany, a genus of 
the c'lafs lyngenefia, order polygamia sequalis, natural 
order compofitae femiflofculofae. The generic Characters 
are—Calyx : common calycled cylindric; feales eighty 
narrow-lanceolate, equal, forming a cylinder; and live 
others incumbent and Ihorter. Corolla: compound flat, 
uniform; corollules hermaphrodite twenty, in a ring;, 
proper monopetalous, ligulate, truncate, deeply five¬ 
toothed. Stamina: filaments five, capillary, very (hort; 
anther cylindric-pentagon, tubulous. Piftillum: germ 
oblong ; ftyle filiform, the length of the ftamens ; ftigmas 
two revolute. Pericarpium : none ; calyx cylindric, con¬ 
verging at top. Seeds : folitary, comprefled, with lharp 
angles; pappus obfeurely hairy, flightly five-toothed. Re- 
ceptaculUm : fomewhat chaffy.— EjJ'ential Character . Ca¬ 
lyx calycled: pappus flightly five-toothed, obfeurely hairy ; 
receptaculum fomewhat chaffy. 
Species. 1. Cichorium intybus, or garden and wild fuc¬ 
cory : flowers twin feffile, leaves runcinate. Root peren¬ 
nial, yellow on the outfide, tapering, branched, the thick- 
nefs of the finger, from a fpan to a foot in length, milky; 
Item from one to three feet in height, upright, rigid, 
crooked, angular, roughiffi to the touch, and generally 
very much branched; leaves radical, numerous, roughiffi; 
thofe of the item fmoother, alternate, half-ilem-clalping, 
lanceolate, toothed towards the bafe, fringed with briftly 
hairs terminating in globules, the te.eth and ends finifh- 
ing in a ffiarp fliff awn 5 flowers generally in pairs, feffile, 
in the bofom of the upper leaves; feeds irregularly five- 
cornered, obovate, flatted a little, obfeurely llriated, 
fmooth, draw-coloured. The fine blue colour of the 
florets is convertible into a brilliant red by the acid of 
ants. The flowers open at eight, and clofe at four. Com¬ 
mon on the borders of corn-fields, flowering from July to 
September, and increafing itfelf much by feed. Tiiis plant 
has generally been regarded in the light of a noxious 
weed; it has, however, for feveral years paft been cultivated 
in France as food for cattle. Monfieur Crette is faid to 
have been the firft who introduced it there, at leaft to any 
extent, for field culture; and he publilhed a memoir on 
the fubjeCt. For its introduction into England for the 
fame purpofe we are indebted to Arthur Young, efquire, 
who firlt brought the feed from France in the year 1788, 
and has fince cultivated it to a confiderable extent with 
great fuccefs. In Lombardy it is. fown mixed with other 
herbs of pafture, and cut three or four feet high. It is 
reputed there to increale both the milk and flelh of cattle,, 
and to be very nutritious when made into hay. Horfes 
eat it greedily; and it is an important objeCt for fum- 
mer-foiling both them and cattle. It is alfo freely eaten 
by ffieep. 
Succory, or chicory, as the agricultures affeCt to call it 
from the French name chicoree, defies drought, being of 
early growth, and the firlt large and fpreading leaves co¬ 
vering the ground fo as to retain the moilture. The (talks 
are fo thick and (tiff as to fupport themfelves againlt winds 
and the heavieft rains. The molt fevere cold does not in-' 
jure it. The qurcknefs of growth renders it very valua¬ 
ble, becaufe it furnilhes abundance of falutary fodder at 
a feafon when green food is fcarce. It has been found to 
grow feven inches in three weeks, whilft faintfoin and 
bumet grew only four inches. Two cuttings may be 
made of it the firft year, and three or four according to 
