CICHORIUM. 503 
the feafon every year after, in April, June, Auguft, and 
October, or in May, July, and Oftober, never letting it 
Hand till it becomes hard andfticky; or it may be cut 
continually, by beginning again when the whole piece is 
gone over, and thus yield a conftant fupply of frefh food 
during leven or eight months. The produce is faid to be 
fuperior upon the whole to that of lucerne in the propor¬ 
tion of three to one. A piece of ground fown with fuc- 
cory was found to yield by the acre the year of fowing at 
two cuttings, July the 24th, and October the 17th, nine¬ 
teen tons four hundred weight; the fecond year, at three 
cuttings, May 21 It, July 24th, and December 3d, thirty- 
eight tons nine hundred weight; and the whole average 
produce of four years was near thirty tons. The quan¬ 
tity of feed produced on an acre has been, the firft year, 
100 and a half, the fecond 200 weight, and the third, 
from 300 and an half to 400 and an half. Upon the whole, 
allowing for the partiality with which novelties are com¬ 
monly viewed, as far as our prefent experience has ex¬ 
tended, fuccory feems to be a valuable objedt of culture, 
as frefh feed for horfes, kine, and fheep. The leaves 
blanched are eaten early in the fpring in falads; and the 
roots, gathered before the ftem {hoots up, are eatable, and 
when dried may be made into bread. Dried and pulve¬ 
rized, they are ufed in Germany to mix with coffee, one 
part of fuccory roots to two parts of cofFee, which it is 
ihid to increafe in ftrength, tafle, and falubrity. Succory 
is a ufeful detergent, aperient, and attenuating medicine; 
adting without much irritation, tending rather to cool 
than heat the body, and at the fame time corroborating 
the tone of the inteftines. The juice taken in large 
quantities, fo as to keep up a diarrhoea, and continued 
for fome weeks, has been found to produce excellent ef- 
fedts in fcorbutic and other chronical diforders. 
2. Cichorium endivia, or broad-leaved fuccory : flowers 
folitary, peduncled; leaves entire, crenate. Stem herba¬ 
ceous, annual, two feet high, upright, round, thick, 
branched; root-leaves many, large, fubcuneiform, finu- 
ate-toothed, fmooth on both fides; the uppermoft lance¬ 
olate, fmall; flowers pale blue, folitary, peduncled. This 
differs from the firft fort in its duration, being at moft 
biennial; and, if the feeds be fown in the fpring, the 
plants will flower and produce feeds the fame year, and 
perifh in the autumn ; the leaves alfo are broader, rounder 
at the top, and not laciniated on the fides; the branches 
are more horizontal, and the ftalks never rile fo high. 
Native of China and Japan : cultivated 1562. 
Cichorium fpinofum, or prickly fuccory : ftem di¬ 
chotomous, fpiny ; flowers axillary, feilile. The third fort 
grows naturally on the fea-coafts in Sicily, and the iflands 
of the Archipelago. This fends out from the root many 
long leaves, which are indented on their edges, fpreading 
flat on the ground; from between thefe arife the ftalks, 
which have very few leaves, and thofe fmall and entire; 
the ftalks are divided in forks upward, from between thefe 
come out the flowers, which are of a pale blue, and are 
fucceeded by feeds fbaped like thofe of the common fort ; 
the ends of the fmaller branches are terminated by ftar- 
like fpines, which are very (harp. The plant is biennial 
with us in England, and in cold winters is frequently 
killed. It flowers and feeds about the fame time with 
the firft fort, and may be treated in the fame way as the 
endive. It was cultivated here in 1633. 
Propagation and Culture. The common fuccory, or ra¬ 
ther a highly-improved variety of it (tor in its ordinary 
wild ftate it is dry, hard, and juicelefs), is now intro¬ 
duced into field culture to great advantage. The proper 
quantity of feed to be fown oh an acre, either alone or 
with fpring corn, is twelve pounds; but, if it be fown 
with various other feeds, the quantity of fuccory or chi¬ 
cory feed mnft be lefs, in proportion to the quantity of 
fuch feeds. When fown with barley or oats, with either 
of which it fucceeds very well, it mult be fown of courfe 
at the ufual time of fowing thefe grains; but alone it may 
iafely be put into the ground at any time from March to 
VOX,, IV. NO. 222. 
September. It fliould not be mixed with clover, unlels 
the latter is expedited to fail. Chicory does not Itool, til¬ 
ler, or thicken, on'the ground. It flouriflies belt where 
it has molt room and air; it fliould feem, therefore, that 
the drill hufbandry would be moft fuitable to it. Tims 
cultivated, after the firft year, it may be mown four times 
a-year. If fown for feed only, it fliould be dialled alone, 
or at leaft drilled acrofs corn before it is up ; but it is 
better fown by itfelf. 
The plain 'broad-leaved endive is not much cultivated 
in the Englifh gardens; for the curled endive being more 
tender, and not fo bitter, is generally preferred to it: but 
it is ftill cultivated in Italy. The curled endive is now 
much cultivated in the Englifh gardens, being one of the 
principal ingredients in autumn and winter falads. The 
firft feafon for fowing the feeds is in May, for thofe which 
are fown earlier generally run up to feed before they have 
arrived to a proper fize for blanching; and it frequently 
happens that the feeds fown in May, in the rich ground 
near London, will run to feed the fame autumn; but, in 
fituations which are colder, they are not fo apt to run up; 
therefore there fhould be feme feeds fown about the middle 
or end of the month. The next fowing fhould be about the 
middle of June; and the laft in the middle of July. From 
thefe three crops there will be a fupply for the table during 
the whole feafon; for there will be plants of each fowing, 
very different in their growth, fo that there will be three 
different crops from the fame beds. When the plants 
come up they tnuft be kept clean from weeds, and in dry 
weather duly watered, to keep them growing till they are 
fit to tranfplant, when there fliould be an open fpot of 
rich ground prepared to receive the plants, in fize pro¬ 
portionable to the quantity intended. When the ground 
is well dug and levelled,.if it fliould be very dry, it mult 
be well watered to prepare it to receive the plants ; then 
the plants fhould be drawn up from the feed-bed care¬ 
fully, lo as not to break their roots, drawing out all the 
largeft plants, leaving the fmall ones to get more ftrength; 
which, when they have room to grow, by taking away the 
large ones, they will foon do. As the plants are drawn 
up, they fliould be placed with their roots even, all the 
fame way, and every handful, as they are drawn, fhould 
have the tops of their leaves fliortened, to make them of 
equal length ; this will render the planting of them much 
eafier, than when the plants are promifeuotifly mixed, 
heads and tails; then the ground fliould be marked oat 
in rows at one foot afunder, and the plants let at ten 
inches diftance in the rows, clofing the earth well to their 
roots, and let them be well watered ; and repeat this 
every other evening, till the plants have taken good root, 
after which they mull: be kept clean from weeds. When 
the plants of the feed-bed have been thus thinned, they 
fhould be well cleaned from weeds and watered, which 
will encourage the growth of the remaining plants, fb 
that in ten days or a fortnight after, there may be an¬ 
other thinning made of the plants, which fhould be trans¬ 
planted in the fame manner : and, at about the fame dif¬ 
tance of time, the third and laft drawing of plants may 
be tranfplanted. 
Thofe plants which were the firft tranfplanted, will be 
fit to blanch by the latter end of July at fartheft; and, if 
they are properly managed, in three weeks or a month 
they will be fufficiently blanched for ufe, which will be 
as foon as thefe falads are commonly required; for, during 
the continuance of good cos lettuce, few perfons care for 
endive in their falads; nor, indeed, is it fb proper for 
warm weather. If any of the plants fhould put out flower- 
ftems, they fhould be immediately pulled up and carried, 
away, being good for nothing. As the quantity of roots 
neceflary for the fupply of a middling family is not very 
great, there fliould not be too many plants tied up to 
blanch at the fame time, therefore the largeft fhould be 
firft tied, and in a week after thofe of the next fize; fo 
that there may be three different times of blanching the 
plants Oft the fame fpot of ground. But, as in fome large 
7 M families. 
