C I c 
594 - ^ 1 ^ 
families there is a great co'nfumption of this herb for 
foups, the quantity of plants (hould be proportionably 
greater at each time of planting and blanching. 
Blanching Endive. In order to this you fhould provide 
El parcel of ftnall ofier twigs (or bafs mat) to tie up fome 
of the large ft heads, which fhould be done in a dry after¬ 
noon, when there is neither dew nor rain to moiften the 
leaves in the middle of the plants, which would occafion 
their rotting foon after their being tied up. The manner 
of doing it is as follows: You mu ft firft gather up all the 
inner leaves of the plant in a regular order, into one 
hand, and then take up thofe on the outfide that are 
found, pulling off and throwing away all the rotten and 
decayed leaves which lie next the ground, obferving to 
place the outfide leaves all round the middle ones, as near 
as poffible to the natural order of their growth, fo as not 
to crofs each other; then, having got the whole plant 
dole up in your hand, tie it up with the twig, bafs, &c. 
at about two inches below the top, very clofe ; and about 
a week after go over tli* plants again, and give them an¬ 
other tie about the middle of the plant, to prevent the 
heart leaves from burfting out on one fide; which they 
are fubjedl to do, as the plants grow, If not prevented this 
way. In doing this, you need only tie up the largeft 
plants firft, and fo go over the piece once a-week, as the 
plants increafe in their growth ; by which means you will 
continue the crop longer, than if they were all tied up at 
one time; for when they are quite blanched, which will 
be in three weeks or a month after tying, they will not 
hold found and good above ten days or a fortnight, efpe- 
cially if the fealon proves wet; therefore it is advifable 
to fow at three or four different feafons, that you may 
have a fupply as long as the weather will permit. But, 
in order to this, you muft tranfplant all the plants of the 
laft fowing under warm walls, pales, or hedges, to fcreen 
the plants from froft; and, if the winter (hould prove 
very (harp, you (hould cover them with fome peafe haulm, 
or fucli other light covering, which (hould be conftantly 
taken off in mild weather; thefe borders (hould alfo be 
as dry as poffible, for thefe plants are very fubjeft to rot, 
if planted in a moift foil in winter. 
Although we diredled the tying up of the plants to 
blanch them, yet this is only to be underftood for the 
two firft fowings; for, after Odlober, when the nights 
begin to be frofty, thofe plants which are fo far above 
ground will be liable to be much prejudiced thereby, ef- 
pecially if they are not covered in frofty weather ; there¬ 
fore the beft method is, to take up your plants of the lat¬ 
ter fowings in a very dry day, and with a large fiat-pointed 
dibble, piant them into the (ides of trenches of earth, 
which (hould be laid very upright, planting them fide- 
ways, on the fouth fide of the trenches, towards the fun, 
with the tops of the plants only out of the ground; fo 
that the hafty rains may run off, and the plants be kept 
dry, and fecured from frofts. 
The plants thus planted, will be blanched fit for ufe 
in about a month or five weeks time, after which they 
will not keep good more than three weeks, before they 
will decay ; you (hould therefore continue planting fome 
frefh ones into trenches every fortnight or three weeks, 
that you may have a fupply for the table ; and thofe 
which were laft tranfplanted out of the feed beds, (hould 
be preferved till February, before they are planted to 
blanch ; fo that from this"you may be fupplied until the 
beginning of April, or later: for at this laft planting into 
the trenches, it will keep longer than in winter, the days 
growing longer; and the l'un, advancing with more 
ftrength, dries up the moilture much looner than in win¬ 
ter, which will prevent the rotting of thefe plants ; but, 
if the weather (hould prove frofty, thefe latter plantations 
of endive (hould be covered with mats and draw to pre¬ 
fer ve them, otherwife the froft will deftroy them, but the 
coverings muft always be taken off when the weather is 
favourable. When your endive is blanched enough for 
ufe, dig it up with a fpade; and, after having clear¬ 
ed it from the outfide green and decayed leaves, wa(h 
z 
it well in two or three different waters to clear it the betv 
ter from (lugs, and other vermin, which commonly (hel*. 
ter themfelves amongftthe leaves. 
But, in order to have a fupply of good feeds for the 
next i'eafon, you muft look over thofe borders where the 
laft crop was tranfplanted, before you put them into the 
trenches to blanch ; and make choice of fome of -the 
largeft, founded, and mod curled, plants, in number ac¬ 
cording to the quantity of feeds required : for a final! 
family, a dozen of good plants will produce feeds enough 5 
and (or a large, two dozen or thirty plants. Thefe 
(hould be taken up and tranfplanted under a hedge or 
pale, at about eighteen inches diftance, in one row about 
ten inches from the hedge, &c. This work (hould be 
done in the beginning of March, if the fealon is mild, 
otherwife it may be deferred a fortnight longer. Wheta 
the flower-ftems begin to advance, they lhould be fup- 
ported with a packthread, which (hould be fattened to 
nails driven into the pale, or to the (lakes of the hedge, 
and run along before the (lems, to draw them upright 
dole to the hedge or pale, otherwife they will be liabl* 
to break with the ftrong winds. Oblerve alfo to keep 
them clear from weeds, and about the beginning of July 
the feeds will begin to ripen; as foon as you. find the 
leeds are quite ripe, cut off the (talks, and expofe them 
to the fun upon a coarfe cloth to dry ; and then beat out 
the feeds, which muft be dried, and put up in bags of 
paper, and preferved for ufe in fome dry place. 
CICIN'DELA, the Sparkler f. in entomology, age- 
nusofinfetfts belonging to the order of coleoptera. The an¬ 
tennas are Cetaceous; thejaws are prominent, and furnifh- 
ed with teeth; the eyes are a little prominent; and the 
bread is roundilh and marginated. There are forty-nine 
fpecies at prefent known. The campeftiis, or field (park¬ 
ier, is one of the molt beautiful. The upper part of its 
body is of a fine green colour, rough, and rather blui(h„ 
The under fide, as alfo the legs and antennae, are of (hot 
colour, gold and red, of a copperifii call. The eyes are 
very prominent, and give the head a broad appearance. 
The thorax is angular, and narrower- than the head $ 
which conllitutes the character of the cicindela. It is 
rough, and of a green colour tinged with gold, as well at 
the head. The elytra are delicately and irregularly dot¬ 
ted. Each of them has fix white fpots, viz. one on the 
top of the elytrum, at its outward angle : three more 
along the outward edge, of which the middlemoft form* 
a kind of lunula : a fifth on the middle of the elytra, op-* 
polite the lunula; and that one is broader, and tolerably 
round: laftly, a fixth at the extremity of the elytra. 
There is alio fometimes feen a black fpot on the middle 
of each elytrum, oppofite to the fecond white fpot. The 
upper lip is alfo white, as is the upper fide of the jaws, 
which are very prominent and (harp. This infe6t runa 
with great fwiftnefs, and flies eafily. It is found in dry 
fandy places, efpecially in the beginning of fpring. In 
the fame places its larva is met with, which refembles a 
long, foft, vhitifh worm, armed with fix legs, and a 
brown fcaly head. It makes a perpendicular round hole 
in the ground, and keeps its head at the entrance of the 
hole to catch the infefts that fall into it; a fpot of ground 
is fometimes entirely perforated in this manner. The 
infefils belonging to this genus are in general very beau¬ 
tiful, and merit the attention of the curious in their mi- 
crolcopic obfervations; fome are minute, though not 
inferior in fplendor, therefore bed faited for that amule- 
ment. Living objefls are ever preferable to dead ones. 
The larvae of all this genus live under ground ; and are, 
as well as the perfect infefts, tigers in their nature, at¬ 
tacking and deftroy ing ail they can overcome. 
Fig. 27, in the preceeding engraving, reprefents the ci¬ 
cindela campeftiis, above deferibed. 28. Cicindela riparia, 
wholly of a chefnut brown. 29. Cicindela flavipes, a very 
fmall fpecies, of a yellowilh brown. 30. Cicindela aqua- 
tica, likewife very final], and almoft black, found in moift 
and watery places. 
CICISBE'O,/ [Ital.J An attendant upon, ©r dangler 
after s 
