6oo C I M 
lion of Cimmerian darknefs has proverbially been ufed ; 
and Homer, according to Plutarch, drew his images of 
hell and Pluto from the gloomy anddifmal country where 
they dwelt. 
CIMMER'IUM, in ancient geography, a town at the 
mouth of the Palus Maeotis, from which the Bofpliorus 
Cimmerius is named ; that ftrait which joins the Euxine 
•and the Palus Maeotis. Cimmerit was the name of the 
people; and here flood the Promontorium Cimmerium ; 
and hence probably the modern appellation Crim. Homer. 
CIMO'LIA, f. [from K Cvnolus , an ifland in 
the Cretan lea, where if is procured.] An epithet of a 
ipeeies of earth or clay, called pipe-maker’s clay; alfo 
fullers' earth. 
CI'MOLITE, f. A fine fpecies of clay, fuppofed to be 
the cimolia creta of Pliny. It abounds in Cimolo, now Ar- 
gentiera, one of the illands on the coafl of Greece. It 
was famed among the ancients for its medical ules, and 
for its property of cleanling garments. As a detergent, 
it adlually excels our fullers’ earth, and is therefore, even 
at this day, commonly employed by the natives in walh- 
ing and bleaching. Specimens of tljis remarkable fub- 
flance, brought from the eall by Mr.'Hawkins, have hap¬ 
pily afforded an opportunity for M. Klaproth to alcertain 
its qualities, and to fubjeft it to chemical analyfis. It is 
•of a greyifh white colour, but takes fomewhat of a reddilh 
fhade by expofure to the air; which renders it probable 
that the cimolia adpurpurijfum inclinans is really the fame 
with the Candida. Its furface is Imooth and fatty to the 
touch, but its fradlure is earthy and uneven, and though 
foft it is not eafily broken. Its fpecific gravity is exactly 
double that of water. A hundred parts of cimolite were 
found to contain fixty-three of flex, twenty-three of alu- 
inine, one and half oftheoyxd of iron, and twelve of 
water. It ranks therefore with the clays, and its quali¬ 
ties, as a fubftitute for foap, probably arife from the ex¬ 
treme finenefs of its integrant particles. 
CIMO'LUS, in ancient geography., an ifland in the 
Cretan fea, one of the Cyclades, now called Argentiera. 
CFMON, an Athenian; fori of Miltiadesymd Hegifipyle. 
He was famous for his debaucheries in his youth, and the 
reformation of his morals when arrived to years of difcre- 
tion. He behaved with great courage at the battle of Sa- 
latnis, and rendered himfelf popular by his munificence 
and valour. He defeated the Perfian fleet, took 200 (hips, 
and totally routed their land army the fame day, in the 
year of Rome 284.. The money that he obtained by his 
vidlories w r as not applied for his own private ufe, but 
with it he fortified and embellifhed the city. He fome 
time after loll all his popularity, and wa£ banilhed by the 
Athenians, who declared war againll the Lacedaemonians. 
He was recalled from his exile, and at? his return he made 
a reconciliation between Lacedaemon and his country¬ 
men. He was afterwards appointed to carry on the w r ar 
againfl Perfia in Egypt and Cyprus, with a fleet of 200 
Ihips. and on the coafl of Afia he gave battle to the 
enemy, and totally ruined their fleet. He died as he was 
befieging the town of Citium in Cyprus. He may be 
called the lafl of the Greeks whofe fpirif and boldnefs de¬ 
feated the armies of the barbarians. He was fuch an in¬ 
veterate enemy' to the Perfian power, that he formed a 
plan of totally deflroying it; and in his wars he had fo 
reduced the Perfians, that they promifed in a treaty not 
to pafs the Chelidonian ifland with their fleet, or to ap¬ 
proach within a day’s journey of the Grecian leas. 
CINALO'A, a province of North America, in New 
Mexico, lying between New Bifcay and the Gulf of Cali¬ 
fornia, difcovered in theyear 1551, by Nunez de Gufman; 
the air is pure and healthy, the land good and fertile, 
producing abundance of maize, legumes, fruits, and cot¬ 
ton. The natives are robuft and warlike, and were with 
difficulty brought to fubmit to the Spaniards : they make 
ufe of bows with poifoned arrows, clubs of red wood, and 
bucklers. 
CINALO'A, a town of Mexico, in a province of the 
C I N 
fame name: 630 miles north-weft of Mexico. Lat, 26. 
26. N. Ion.-92.0. W. Ferro. 
CINA'RA, /. in botany. See Cynara. 
CIN AROTDES, / in botany. See Protea. 
CINCHO'NA, /. [fo named from the countefs del 
Chichon , lady of a Spanifh viceroy, whofe cure is faid,firlt 
to have brought the Peruvian bark into reputation.] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs pentandria, order monogy- 
nia, natural order of contortoe. The generic characters 
are—Calyx : perianthium one-leafed, fuperior, (hort, five¬ 
toothed, permanent; teeth (harp. Corolla: monopeta- 
lous, funnel-ffiapecR five-cleft; tube long, obfcurely an¬ 
gular ; fegments lanceolate or linear, equalling the tube. 
Stamina : filaments live, in the middle of the tube ; an- 
thera; linear, erect. Piltillum : 'germ inferior, turbinate, 
obfcurely angular; ftyle the length of the ftatnens ; ftig- 
ma thick, bifid, or entire. Pericarpium : tapfule crowned 
with the calyx, bipartile, opening into two parts inward¬ 
ly; the partition parallel. Seeds: many, oblong, com- 
prelfed, furrounded with a membranaceous wing.— EJfen- 
tial Charadier. Capfule inferior, two-celled, bipartile, the 
valves parallel to the partitions, opening inwardly. 
Drfcription. The cinchonas are trees." The branches 
are round except at the top, where they are obfcurely 
four-cornered; the flowering-branches are alternately com- 
prefled. The leaves are oppofire, undivided, and quite 
entire. Stipules are interpoled between the leaves, and 
prefled clofe to the branches. The inflorelcence in moll 
of the fpecies is a brachiate panicle, with trifid pedun¬ 
cles. Swartz propofes to divide the fpecies into fuch as 
have a Ihort, or an elongated, tube to the corolla. 
Species. I. Flowers tomentofe, llamens included. 1.Cin¬ 
chona officinalis, or common jefuits’ bark, or officinal 
cinchona: leaves ovate-lanceolate, fmootli; capfules ob¬ 
long. Officinal cinchona is a tall tree, with a trunk ra¬ 
ther bigger than a man’s thigh. The branches are co¬ 
vered with a purpliffi brown bark, frequently rugged with 
obliquely-tranfverle chinks, and fcarred by the fallen 
leaves. Thefie are ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, fliarp, even, 
fmooth on both fides, veinlefs above, obliquely nerved, 
the lower nerves oppofite ; beneath they are a little paler 
and veined : they are about two inches long, approximat¬ 
ing at the ends of the branches, but remote on the flow¬ 
ering-branches ; they fpread very much. It is a native of 
Peru, growdng molt abundantly on a long chain of moun¬ 
tains extending to the north and louth of Loxa, between 
two and five degrees of fouth latitude. Her e the trunks of 
thele trees frequently exceed in fize the body of a man. 
The foil in which they thrive belt is a red clayey or 
rocky ground, efpecially on the banks of frnall rivers or 
torrents. The moll proper feafon for cutting the bark is 
from September to November, which is the only time of 
fome intermiflion from rain. On a fpot where the trees 
abound, having made a road to it from the nearelt plan¬ 
tation in the low country, they build huts for the work¬ 
men, and a large hut for the bark. Each Indian is pro¬ 
vided with a large knife, and a bag that will hold about 
fifty pounds of green bark: he cuts down the bark as 
high as he can reach from the ground ; he then fallens a 
Hick about half a yard long, with tough withs to the tree 
like the Hep of. a ladder, and having fliced off the bark 
as high as he can reach with this, he fixes a new Itep, 
and thus mounts to the top, another Indian below ga¬ 
thering up what he cuts: this they do by turns, going 
from tree to tree until the bag is full. Care is taken not 
to cut the bark w r et; and, if it Ihould happen to be lo» 
it is carried direflly to the low country to dry, for other- 
wife it lofes its colour, turns black, and rots ; and, if it 
lie any time in the hut without being fpread, it runs the 
fame rilk; fo that, if the weather permit, it remains as 
Ihort a time there as poffible ; and, whilft the Indians are 
cutting, the mules are employed in carrying the bark to 
the drying place, where it is fpread in the open air, and 
frequently turned. Tire trees are faid foon to perifli 011 
being ftripped of their bark, and hence a fcarcity of it 
