C I N 
C I N 
rating the fhaft at one end from' the bale, at the other 
from the capital. It is Ihppoled to be in imitation of 
the girths or ferrils anciently uled to ftrengthen and pre- 
lerve the primitive wood columns. 
CIN'DER, J. [ centire, Fr. from cbiere's, Lat.] A mafs 
ignited and quenched,'without being reduced to allies.'— 
There is in liniths cinders, by i'ome adhefion of iron, fome- 
times to be found a magnetical operation. Brown .—A hot 
coal that has ceafed to iiame. 
CIN'DER- -WENCH, or Cinder-, wo man,/ A woman 
whole trade is to rake in heaps of allies for cinders : 
’Tis under fomuch natty rubbilhlaid. 
To find it out’s the cinder-woman' i trade. EJfay on Satire. 
CI'NEAS, a Theffalian minilter, and friend to Pyrrhus 
king of Epirus. He was fent to Rome by his matter to 
lue for peace, which he, however, could not obtain. He 
told Pyrrhus that the Roman fenate was a venerable ai= 
fembly of kings; and oblerved, that to fight with them 
was to fight againll another Hydra. He was of fuch a 
retentive memory, that the day after his arrival at Rome 
he could call every fenator and knight by his name. 
Pliny. 
CINERA'RIA, f. [from cinis, Lat. alh, alh-coloured, 
molt of the fpecies being the colour of wood-allies,] In 
botany, a genus of the clafs lyngenefia, order polygamia 
fuperflua, natural order compofitse difcoideae. The generic 
characters are—Calyx: common limple, many-leaved; 
leaflets equal. Corolla: compound radiated; corollets 
hermaphrodite, equal, numerous in the dilk; female li- 
gulate, the fame number with the leaves of the calyx, in 
the ray; proper of the hermaphrodite funnel-lhaped, with 
an ereCt, five-cleft border ; female ligulate, lanceolate, 
toothletted at top. Stamina: in the hermaphrodite, fila¬ 
ments five, filiform, fliort; anther cylindric, tubulous, 
five-cleft at top. Piftlllum : in the hermaphrodite, germ 
oblong; llyle filiform, the length of the ftamens; llig- 
mas turn, almofl ereCt; females, germ oblong; Ityle fili¬ 
form, fliort; ftigmas two, oblong, bluntifh, revolute. 
Pericarpium : none 5 calyx unchanged. Seeds : folitary, 
linear, quadrangular ; pappus hairy, copious. Recepta- 
culum: naked, flattifli.— EJj'eniial Cbarafler. Calyx Am¬ 
ple, many-leaved, equal; pappus Ample; receptaculuin 
paked. 
Species. 1. Cineraria geifolia, or kidney-leaved cine¬ 
raria : peduncles branching; leaves kidney-fliaped, fubor- 
biculate, fublobed, toothed, petioled. This fpecies has 
weak ilalks trailing on the ground, but if lupported 
riling four feet high: they are herbaceous, round, ftri- 
ated, and have white hairs fcattered over them ; leaves 
alternate, fmoothifli above, fubhirfute beneath, especially 
the more tender ones, two inches long. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope: cultivated in 1759, by Mr. Miller 
here; but, in the Amfterdam garden in 1697,'from feeds 
fent from Africa. 
2. Cineraria cymbalarifolia, or lyre-leaved cineraria: 
leaves lyrate; the end-leaf kidney-fliaped, toothletted; 
upper item-leaves clafping, lohed, quite entire. Root a 
folid bulb ; item herbaceous, fun pie, even. Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
3- Cineraria Sibirica, or Siberian cineraria: raceme 
fimple; leaves cordate, obtufe, toothletted, even; item 
entirely fimple, one-leaved. Root perennial;-diem undi¬ 
vided, the height of a man. Native of Siberia, the Le¬ 
vant, and, perhaps, the Pyrenees. Introduced in 1784. 
by Mr. John Bell. 
4. Cineraria glauca, or glaucous cineraria : raceme fim¬ 
ple ; leaves fpatulate-cordate, quite entire; item quite 
fimple; The leaves are of a glaucous hue, and are rather 
flefliy ; the item is yet -higher than that of the foregoing 
fort," and the ray of the flow'tr more copious. It is peren¬ 
nial, and a native of Siberia. 
5. Cineraria fonehifolia, or tliiftle-leaved cineraria : 
leaves ftem-clafping, finuate, difform. The lower leaves 
are finuate, the upper fimple and quite entire; flowers 
large and purple. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, 
603 
_ 6. Cineraria cordifolia, or heart-leaved cineraria: pa¬ 
nicle few-flowered ; ftem-leaves petioled, cordate, (harply 
ferrate, finooth; item angular. Root perennial, fibroie, 
brown ; item from one to two feet high, ftraight, obfcurely 
angular, a little flriated at top, flitulole, fimple, almoi’c 
finooth and green. The difference between this, and No, 
7. 8. 9. coniilts principally in the leaves, which are broad- 
cordate, ferrate-crenate, veined, fhining, more or lei's vil- 
loie on the back, petioled; the petioles of the root-leaves 
and lower item-leaves are long, keeled, naked, and not 
in the leait winged; the following item-leaves are wing¬ 
ed; the upper ones run into the petiole, and iofe their 
cordate form. The younger Linnseus lays, that it differs 
l'ufficiently from the third fort, in its panicled flowers not 
branching, in its petioled Item-leaves, and in its spread¬ 
ing calyx. Native of Auitria and Swiflerland : introduced 
in 1775, by doctors Pitcairn and Fothergill. 
7. Cineraria crifpa, or curled cineraria: flowers pani¬ 
cled; item-leaves fpatulate-oblong, ferrate, obtufe, dlafp- 
ing; dilated and toothed at the bafe. This is two feet 
high,; the peduncle and calyx are more villofe than in 
the foregoing ; root-leaves cordate, decurrent along the 
whole of the petiole, and laciuiate-gaihed ; upper item- 
leaves oblong, acute, iharply and unequally gafh-ferrate, 
feifile'; ? -h curled and waved about the edge. Native of 
Auitria. 
8. Cineraria integrifolia, or mountain cineraria, or flea- 
wort : leaves oblong, obfcurely toothed (or almoit en¬ 
tire), fhaggy ; flowers in a limple involucfed umbel, fome- 
times Angle. According to Linnaeus, this plant is ex¬ 
tremely variable. Jacquin has examined all the fuppoied 
varieties in their native places of growth, and has figured 
them in his Aultrian Flora. De la Chenal (Aft. Helv. 
viii. p. 137.) is of-opinion, that Jacquin’s plants may be 
comprehended under two fpecies: 1. with leaves cordate- 
oblong, and naked petioles: z. with the lower leaves 
ovate-oblong, bn petioles not naked but membranaceous ; 
the upper lanceolate elliptic or only ligulate ; Item clafp¬ 
ing. The leveral varieties are found on the Alps and 
Pyrenees, in Swiflerland, Auitria, about Montpelier, in 
Siberia, See. The plant, which grows in high paftures or 
open chalky downs in fome parts of England, as on Gog- 
magog-hills, Bartlowrhills, and NeWmarket-heath, and 
near Bafiiigltoke and Andover, has the radical leaves nu¬ 
merous, fipreadihg on the ground, ovate, obovate, or fpa- 
tulate, obfcurely toothed, but always lb, more or lets, 
and turned back on the edge, generally lengthened out 
at the bafe, and clothed with loofe fhaggy wool; item 
three to fix inches high, (fo.metimes eight, nine, ortwelve,) 
upright, Ample, woolly, angular, or furrowed; Item-leaves 
lanceolate, woolly, half-ltem-clafping, fubapprefled, very 
entire, alternate; flowers one to four, feldom more, yel¬ 
low ; perennial; flowering in May and June. 
9. Cineraria longifolia, or long-leaved cineraria : leaves 
obfcurely toothletted ; all oblong. All the leaves of this 
are oblong; the root-leaves are attenuated into the pe¬ 
tiole, and very (lightly toothed. Native of Auitria. 
10. Cineraria paluitris, or marfh cineraria: flowers co- 
rynibed ; leaves broad-lanceolate, tooth-finuated; Item 
villofe. Leaves thick, tomentofe, and almoit clammy, 
covering the Item quite up to the flowers; the root pe¬ 
rennial, large, fibrofe, running deep in muddy ditches; 
Item one to three feet high, flout, hollow, with a thick 
clammy long wool. Grows in marflies in many parts of 
Europe; with us in Lincolnfhire, about Marfh and Chat¬ 
teris in the iile of Ely, near Norwich, Yarmouth, and 
Hadifcoe, in Norfolk; about Pillin-mofs in Lancafhire, 
and Aberavon in Merioneth (hi re. A variety, with lbaves 
not jagged, is mentioned by Ray to have been found by 
him in Norfolk. Another variety was oblerved by Mr. 
Woodward near Ramfey in Huntingdon (hire, lefs woolly 
than the former; Item (lender, about eighteen inches 
high; leaves ligulate-lanceolate, toothed; the lower about 
four inches long, the upper two and a half to one and a 
half, and not more than one-fourth wide 5 flowers fmaller 5 
but rhe fructification perfectly fiiniiar. 
11. Cineraria 
